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Atmospheric pollutant effects
on Mediterranean ecosystems in SpainPARTICULARITIES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT
EMEP – WGE 5th Joint session
Héctor García-Gómez, Rocío Alonso, Victoria Bermejo, Susana Elvira, Isaura Rábago, Javier Sanz, Raquel Ruiz, Ignacio González-Fernández
Geneva, 9-13th Sept. 2019
Spanish participation in scientific ICP/TFs
Contributionfrom Spain
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Spanish participation in scientific ICP/TFs
Contributionfrom Spain
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Risk assessment in Mediterranean region
Tropospheric ozone (O3)
Eutrophication (N deposition)
AOT40 forests (Apr-Sept) 2013
ppb h
≤ 5000
5000 - 10000
10000 - 15000
15000 - 25000
> 25000
Large risk for vegetation Low to moderate risk
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Risk assessment in Mediterranean region
Major scientific concerns
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Risk assessment methodologies within the Air Convention should
represent adequately Mediterranean
ecosystems and crops:
1. Sensitivity of Mediterranean ecosystems,
species and cultivars (CLO3 and CLN)
2. Deposition of pollutants
(POD and N deposition)
3. Mediterranean climate (drought, climate change context)
Risk assessment - Tropospheric ozone
Risk assessment methodologies within the Air Convention should
represent adequately Mediterranean
ecosystems and crops:
1. Sensitivity of Mediterranean ecosystems,
species and cultivars (CLO3 and CLN)
2. Deposition of pollutants
(POD and N deposition)
3. Mediterranean climate (drought, climate change framework)
Major scientific concerns
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
O3
do
se (
PO
D0)
Without soil moisture factorWith soil moisture factor
Risk assessment - Tropospheric ozone
Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and
mapping critical loads and levels, and air pollution effects, risks and trends
(Mapping Manual – Ch. 3)
Chapter 3
Same methodology…
but some critical differences.
PAWSWP
Vol. Soil Moisture
Undefined depth
Sp.-specific parametrization
SMI3
(from ECMWF)
Depth 28-72 cm(50cm-centered)
Generic parametrization
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Modelling soil moisture effect on POD
GOAL: Improving O3 dose modelling in water-limited areas of Europe
Soil moisture collaborative exercise – ICP-Veg + EMEP MSC-W
O3 risk assessment based on the phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy)
Workplan item 1.4.2
Model DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone and Stomatal Exchange)
Risk assessment - Tropospheric ozone
Participants: ICP Vegetation – ICP Forest – EMEP MSC-W Collaboration of experts from Spain (leading), Italy, Sweden, Switzerland and UK
Coverage: Long-term field data on soil moisture fromWater-limited areas: Italy and SpainParallel exercises: Switzerland and Sweden
Stages:1 Soil moisture estimation
1.1 Evaluation of modeled SMI1.2 Sensitivity analysis
2 Parametrization of fSWC
3 Mapping PODy
Soil moisture exercise ICP-Veg + EMEP MSC-W
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Wetter yearsDrier years
Autumn + WinterSpring + Summer
Risk assessment - Tropospheric ozone
1.1 Evaluation of modeled SMI by comparison with field data
Spanish case study (2010 – 2015)
Intra-annual analysisInter-annual analysis
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Risk assessment - N deposition
Dry deposition importance in low-precipitation areas
Up to 65% in Eastern-Spain pine forests (Sanz et al., 2002)56-81% of in Quercus ilex forests (Àvila et al., 2017; García-Gómez et al., 2018)
Dry deposition and seasonality
First rains of autumn → ephemeral inputs of N into the soil coming from the dry deposition accumulated over the summer → lixiviation of N (García-Gómez et al., 2016)
Modelled dry deposition
Potential infra-estimation; lack of esclerophylous evergreen vegetation
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
More information (summary):ICP Forests 2018 Executive report
0
5
10
15
20
25 EIM + DO3SEEMEP model
PERI-URBAN FORESTS RURALFOREST
Dry
de
po
siti
on
(kg
N h
a-1
y-1)
Initial steps → Gathering experts
Dry deposition (different approximations)Canopy uptake and in-canopy processesMediterranean seasonality
What can be done?
Sharing knowledge and expertise to improve methodology and applicationWorking on reducing uncertaintiesComparison among approximation and with EMEP model values
… any other proposals of collaboration
http://icp-forests.net/group/dry-deposition
Discussion group on dry deposition and canopyuptake of nutrients (mainly N).Data: Level II; research results; bibliographic reviewParticipation: Ask for Group Membership.
Dry Deposition Group (ICP Forests)
Risk assessment - N deposition
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Closer collaboration with EMEP experts?
Uncertainty on dry deposition modelling and field estimation
Uncertainty on how seasonality can affect modellled CLeutN calculations (SMB)
Risk assessment - N deposition
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
Lack of data from N addition studies and/or gradientstudies on major habitat types of the Mediterraneanregion.
+Uncertainty in empirical empirical CL (CLemp) for Mediterranean habitats
CIEMAT group is starting contacts with different research groups to collect relevant information for CLemp.
+
Workplan item 1.1.1.14Validation and revision of
empirical critical loads
Spanish contribution to scientific ICP/TFs
Gracias
Thank you
Merci
Acknowledgements:
EDEN-MED (CGL2017-84687-C2-1-R) MINECO-FEDER
Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and Structural Funds
2014-2020 (ERDF and ESF) for the financial support
(project AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330)
Cargas y Niveles Críticos, MITECO
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
20 kg N ha-1 y-1
10 kg N ha-1 y-1
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2 3 4 5 6 7
D¡f
fere
nce
wit
h E
IM+D
O3
SE (
kg h
a-1
y-1)
LAI
IM
EMEP
CBM
EMEP
mo
de
l –EI
M+D
O3
SE m
od
el
Dry
de
po
siti
on
(
kg N
ha
-1y-1
)
LAI
Risk assessment - Tropospheric ozone
WITH SOIL MOISTURE
WITHOUT SOIL MOISTURE
Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and mapping critical loads and levels, and air pollution effects, risks and trends (Mapping Manual):
Methodology for O3 risk assessment → Estimation of phytotoxic O3 dose (POD)
Model DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone and Stomatal Exchange)
gs = gmax × flight × max { fmin , ( ftemp × fVPD × fSWP × fphen ) }
GOAL: Improving O3 dose modelling in water-limited areas of Europe
Soil moisture collaborative exercise – ICP-Veg + EMEP MSC-W
Soil moisture
O3
do
se (
PO
D)
5th EMEP/WGE Joint session, 2019
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