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7/28/2019 Assessment of the Wastewater Generated in Funaab and the Design of a Biological Treatment Plant (New)
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ASSESSMENT OF THE WASTEWATER GENERATED
IN FUNAAB AND THE DESIGN OF A BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT PLANT
BY
OJO, Olukayode O. S.
Department of Civil Engineering, Coll ege of Engineering,
Federal University of Agr icul ture, Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
PG/12/0208
June, 2013
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Wastes are byproducts of activities of Human and other living elements during
the act of generation of the essential energy, nourishment and technological
know-how required to improve and maintain quality living (Herron, 2007,
WAHEB, 1999).
Human waste removal is an important part of daily life, and it is an important
factor in human health (Esrey et al, 2001). The goal of most modern day
sanitation systems is to prevent exposure of humans to the harmful pathogens
that are found in excrement. Most systems in the developed world seek to carry
away waste, remove pathogens and pollutants in an energy-intensive treatment
system, and then release the contents back into nature, often in large volumes of
diluted waste that can cause eutrophication. In the developing world, latrines are
often used in various ways that concentrate the excrement and still pose a healthrisk (though this is better than excrement left out in the open). In addition, when
sewer systems are used in the developing world, they often focus more on
carrying away waste than adequately treating the waste, discharging pathogens
that will contaminate the food and water of people downstream (WHO, 2006).
Also, sewers may not be an appropriate technology in areas of the world that are
water stressed (Fry et al, 2008).
Beyond these very real concerns, there is also a growing awareness of the
valuable nutrients being lost in human waste streams. A new paradigm is
forming in the water and wastewater management sector to focus on the
resources that can be recovered from wastewater rather than the constituents
that must be removed (Guest et al, 2009)
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Many sources assert that water, sanitation, and hygiene should be approached
holistically, but few case studies point the way forward. The condition of the
environment is a very important determinant of the state of health of a populace.
In recognition of the importance, the United Nations seventh of the eight
Millennium Development Goals is on the need to ensure environmental
protection and to minimize degradation.
As mankind eventually adopted a more settled, non-nomadic way of life, people
became increasingly involved in the technical aspects of water. To a large
extent, the primary concerns in the beginning were utilization and improvement
of existing water resources, together with protection against the hazards and
potential harm associated with uncontrolled natural water. It was only toward
the end of the nineteenth century that wastewater became an issue in science,
technology, and legislation, specifically, its production and treatment, in terms
of both municipal and industrial sources (Savkovic-Stevanoic, J., 2013).
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