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Aaron Batalion5/31/2008
Assembling Pages LastEdge Caching, ESI, and Rails
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www.livingsocial.com blog.livingsocial.com
About Me
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http://rails100.pbwiki.com/
#2
About Me
www.revolution.com
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- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
Agenda
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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def show @feed = @person.mini_feed @current = @person.currently_reading @news = Blog.recent_by_vertical(“readingsocial”)end
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<html> <%= render :partial => "header/login" -%> <%= render :partial => "feed" -%> <%= render :partial => "current" -%> <%= render :partial => "news" -%></html>
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When thats not enough, then what?
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When thats not enough, then what?
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When thats not enough, then what?
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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class PeopleController caches_page :show ...end
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class PeopleController caches_page :show ...end
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class PeopleController caches_action :show ...end
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class PeopleController caches_action :show ...end
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<% cache(“mini-feed-#{@person.id}”) do %> <% @feed = @person.mini_feed %> <%= render :partial => "feed" -%><% end %>
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class Person def mini_feed cache(“feed-#{id}”) { ...} endend
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When thats not enough, then what?
When thats not enough....
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Rails isn’t fast....
It is fast enough
You can always get
LOTS and LOTS of servers...
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Use your application
Without hitting your application
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HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Fri, 15 Dec 2007 17:32:47 GMTContent-Length: 33286Cache-Control: max-age=7200Content-Type: text/html
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HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Fri, 15 Dec 2007 17:32:47 GMTContent-Length: 33286Cache-Control: max-age=7200Content-Type: text/html
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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ESIEdge Side Includes
2001 W3C Spechttp://www.w3.org/TR/esi-lang
By: Akamai, Oracle, BEA, Vignette...
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simple markup languageesi:include esi:try esi:attempt esi:except esi:invalidate HTTP_* esi:chose esi:when
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parsed by ESI server
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Mongrel
Mongrel
Mongrel
ESI Server
1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template
http://readers.livingsocial.com
html + esi
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“Assembles”
4 /header (ttl = 60.min)
1/mini_feed (ttl = 30.min)
2/recent (ttl = 10.min)
3/news (ttl = 60.min)
<html> .......
<esi:include src="/mini_feed” max-age="1800"/> .......
</html>
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Mongrel
Mongrel
Mongrel
ESI Server
1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (if not cached)3. Retrieve Fragments (if not cached)
http://readers.livingsocial.com html + esi
html
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1. http://readers.livingsocial.com
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1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (if not cached)
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4 /header (ttl = 60.min)
1/mini_feed (ttl = 30.min)
2/recent (ttl = 10.min)
3/news (ttl = 60.min)
1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (if not cached)
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4
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31. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (if not cached)3. Retrieve Fragments (if not cached)
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“Assembles”
1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (if not cached)3. Retrieve Fragments (if not cached)4. Respond back to User
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http://readers.livingsocial.com1. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (cached)
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“Assembles”
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31. http://readers.livingsocial.com2. Page Template (cached)3. Retrieve Fragments (cached)4. Respond back to User
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“Assembles”
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31. http://readers.livingsocial.com (cached)2. Page Template (cached)3. Retrieve Fragments (3 is cached)4. Respond back to User
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So what!
Memcache can do that!
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ESIESI: Personalized Full Page Caching ESI: ConcurrencyESI: Slow/Broken Dependencies ESI: Application ShardingESI: Polyglot Assembly ESI: Inline Invalidation ESI: Cached New User Experience
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ESI: Personalized Full Page Caching caches_page
cache(“whole_page”) {...}
headers[“Cache-Control”] = “max-age:3600”
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ESI: Concurrency
def show @feed = @person.mini_feed @current = @person.currently_reading @news = Blog.recent_by_vertical(“readingsocial”) end
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ESI: Concurrency
def show @feed = @person.mini_feed # 1s @current = @person.currently_reading # 1s @news = Blog.recent_by_vertical(“readingsocial”) # 1s end
3s
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ESI: Concurrency
def mini_feed #1s ...def currently_reading #1s ...
def news #1s 3s -> 1s ...
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ESI: Slow/Broken Dependencies
def show @feed = @person.mini_feed @current = @person.currently_reading @news = Blog.recent_by_vertical(“reading”) #10send
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ESI: Slow/Broken Dependencies
<esi:include src=”/mini_feed” max-age=”600”/>
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ESI: Slow/Broken Dependencies
<esi:try> <esi:attempt> <esi:include src=”/mini_feed” max-age=”600” timeout=”1”/> </esi:attempt> <esi:except> <esi:include src=”/static/mini_feed.html”/> </esi:except></esi:try>
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ESI: Application Sharding
“Federate as much as you can”
“A rails process should only
be doing one controller”
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ESI: Application Sharding
/mini_feed
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ESI: Polyglot Assembly
/mini_feed
Merb/Erlang
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ESI: Cached New User Experience
1/mini_feed (ttl = 30.min)
2/recent (ttl =
10.min)
3/news (ttl =
60.min)
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ESI: Cached New User Experience
1/mini_feed (ttl = 30.min)
2/recent (ttl =
10.min)
3/news (ttl =
60.min)
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”/mini_feed?uid=$HTTP_COOKIE[“uid”]”
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ESI:Cached New User Experience
1/mini_feed (ttl = 30.min)
2/recent (ttl =
3/news (ttl =
60.min)
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”/mini_feed?uid=” Full Cache Hit!
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ESI: Inline Invalidation
<esi:invalidate> .... <basicselector uri="/foo/bar/baz"/> ... <advancedselector uriexp="/people/123/.*"/></esi:invalidate>
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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FragmentFu
Project: http://code.google.com/p/mongrel-esi/google: FragmentFu
“Proof of Concept”
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<%= render :esi => fragment_person_path, :ttl => 60.minutes %>
FragmentFu
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def update .... invalidate_and_redirect_to(person_path(@person))end
FragmentFu
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def latest ... respond_to |wants| do wants.html { ... } wants.js { ... } #X-Requested-With = 'XMLHttpRequest' endend
FragmentFu
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def latest ... respond_to |wants| do wants.html { ... } wants.js { ... } #X-Requested-With = 'XMLHttpRequest' wants.fragment { .... } #X-Requested-With = ʻESIRequest' endend
FragmentFu
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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- Open Source
- Commerical
- Content Delivery Network
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mongrel-esi http://code.google.com/p/mongrel-esi/
- Small, but fast
- Open Source by Todd Fisher
- Ragel based parser
- memcache-backed caching
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Squid http://www.squid-cache.org/
- In 2002, Zope funded ESI
- Version 3.0+
- subset of ESI support
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Varnish http://varnish.projects.linpro.no/
- Supposedly Fast “Squid is rather old and designed like computer programs where supposed to be designed in 1980.” - Varnish FAQ
- basic ESI support
- FunnyOrDie.com uses
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Varnish http://www.funnyordie.com/
- Supposedly Fast“Squid is rather old and designed like computer programs where supposed to be designed in 1980.”
http://varnish.projects.linpro.no/wiki/FAQ
- subset of ESI support
- FunnyOrDie.com uses56.6M views
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Web Cache 10g
B BIG-IP WebAccelerator
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Web Cache 10g 2007 InfoQ Article - RevolutionHealth.com http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/02/revolution-health-profile
“NetCraft says you've got Oracle Application Server 10g as the final public facing piece... “
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Akamai
Most Complete ESI Implementation
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Agenda- Examine a Rails Application
- Apply Standard Caching Techniques
- When thats not enough, then what?
- Edge Caching
- FragmentFu
- Deployment Options
- Pros/Cons of Edge Caching
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YAGNI
Edge Caching - Cons
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complexity
Edge Caching - Cons
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cache
invalidation
Edge Caching - Cons
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“There are only two hard things in
Computer Science: cache invalidation
and naming things”
- Phil Karlton
Edge Caching - Cons
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lack of mature
open source
Edge Caching - Cons
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cost of
deployment
Edge Caching - Cons
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concurrent execution
Edge Caching - Pros
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efficient execution
Edge Caching - Pros
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A/B
Testing
Edge Caching - Pros
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RESTfulapplication
assembly
Edge Caching - Pros
def mini_feed ...def currently_reading ...def news ...
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Syndication for
Free
Edge Caching - Pros
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Geographically
Distributed
Personalization
Edge Caching - Pros
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flickr.com/photos/nickdawson/1484934955
flickr.com/photos/kamonegi_jp/1860174314
flickr.com/photos/mdd/175287890
flickr.com/photos/caseywilliamson/82417809
flickr.com/photos/zeemanshuis/1351045987
flickr.com/photos/petestott/1281698980
flickr.com/photos/bunchofpants/103515576/
flickr.com/photos/seikatsu/686399884/
flickr.com/photos/hand-nor-glove/2311353113
flickr.com/photos/scobleizer/2341031948/
http://blog.hungrymachine.com
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Q&A
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