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Costa Rica,
February 17-21, 2014
The Fourth Global Fisheries
Enforcement Training Workshop
Artisanal and Small Scale Fisheries
Experiences in Central America
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
Panama
Belize
El Salvador
Dominican Republic
CENTRAL AMERICAN
COUNTRIES
1991. Tegucigalpa Protocol The essential objective of the Central American Integration System (SICA) is to achieve the integration of Central America to establish it as a Region of peace, freedom, democracy and development.
Central American Countries:
a) Similar development level in industrial fisheries, artisanal fisheries and aquaculture
b) Similar challenges and opportunities
c) Region has species with high comercial value
d) Common species, migratory species.
149,400 fishermen
ARTISANAL FISHERMEN
Pacific Ocean 77,250
Caribbean Sea 42,640
Inland Waters 29,510
ARTISANAL FISHERMEN COMMUNITIES
1,093 communities ■ 507 Pacific ■ 263 Caribbean ■ 323 Inland waters
TYPE OF BOATS IN THE SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES
EVOLUTION OF KEY REGIONAL INDICATORS
Note: 1995 doesn’t includes Belize and Dominican Republic
1995 2010
Number of artisanal
fishermen 92,876 149,400
Number of boats in the
small-scale fisheries 38,743 66,355
Annual volume of small-
scale fisheries (Ton)
162,659 190,050
Annual value of small-scale
fisheries(USD$) 179,400,000 648,578,512
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
• 97% of fishermen are responsible of familiar expenses.
• 74% of fishermen are 21 – 50 years old.
• 77% of families have more than four members.
• 83% of fishermen have some level of school education.
• 26% are members of a fishermen organization.
• Fishermen obtain low profits from their products.
LIMITATIONS OF ARTISANAL FISHERIES
• Decline of main fishing resources.
• Over-fishing
• Use of illegal fishing arts and methods.
• Low levels of organization.
• Limited participation in the trading
• Safety at sea.
• Several fishing zones are
vulnerable to other illegal
practices.
REGIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN COASTAL STATES
OSPESCA
Objective: To promote the development of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the region as part of the process of the Central American integration.
The Organization for the Fishing and Aquaculture Sector of Central American Isthmus.
OSPESCA IS INTEGRATED BY: • Ministers Council (Political level).
• Vice-ministers Committee. (Executive level) • Fisheries Directors Commission
(Scientific and tecnichal level)
OECAP: Organization of Central American Entrepreneurs of Aquaculture and Fishing. CONFEPESCA: Central American Confederation of Artisanal Fishermen (small-scale)
Civil Society Regional organizations
To establish a common regional system to increase the integrated participation of the Central American countries and in this way contributing to the appropriate and sustainable use of the fisheries and aquaculture products.
Fisheries and Aquaculture integration Policy
POLICY´S APPLICATION STRATEGIES
1. Strengthening of Institutions and organizations 2. Harmonization of Central American legislations 3. Adoption of regional decision-making 4. Regional management of fisheries and
aquaculture 5. Integrated coastal fisheries and aquaculture 6. Integrated high-seas fisheries 7. Shared species 8. Surveillance and control 9. Intra and extra-regional trade 10. Sport fisheries associated with tourism 11. Extra-regional relations
Integrating Fisheries.
New Regional Governance Model.
Article 22 of the Protocol of Tegucigalpa:
"... The decisions of the Council of Ministers
shall be mandatory in all member States ... "
Integrated record system of fisheries and aquaculture Management of the Caribbean Spiny Lobster Regional satellite monitoring and control system for fishing
vessels Code of ethic for responsible fisheries and aquaculture Banning of shark finning Proper use of turtle excluder devices (TED) To prevent, control and eradicate diseases in shrimp culture
REGIONAL REGULATIONS
SICA– CARICOM
Memorandum of Understanding between
Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM)
and OSPESCA
Example:
Simultaneous Close
season:
From the year 2010,
four months: from
March 01 to June 30,
every year. .
64 Boats 4,600 fishermen, Skin-diving method
Serious health
problems.
Ministers of OSPESCA agree on a chronogram
for the closing of skin-diving lobster fishing
Progressive incorporation
of regional record of
artisanal fishing boats.
REGIONAL RECORD
CONFEPESCA-OSPESCA MOU
Data colection about climate change by fishermen Leaders.
Special emphasis on the participation of indigenous
communities
Technical Consultation on International Guidelines on Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries
Joint regional position on the content of the Guidelines among governmental
authorities of the OSPESCA countries and the civil society represented by
CONFEPESCA.
Participation of small-scale fishermen in the consulting about fisheries regulations and policies process.
• 2nd. Global Fisheries Enforcement Training
Workshop. Norway. First participation of OSPESCA
3th. Global Fisheries Enforcement Training
Workshop. Mozambique
4th. Global Fisheries Enforcement Training
Workshop. COSTA RICA
International Cooperation in MCS -SPAIN, USA(NOAA),
TAIWAN -FAO, OLDEPESCA, CIAT, CITES, CARICOM (CRFM). - WWF, CI.
New IUU Regulations • Propose of a new regional Regulation on
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing (2014).
CONCLUSIONS
• 2014 Updating of the regional fisheries policy.
• The governance model of binding agreements is new to OSPESCA. It´s convenient to accompany and to strengthen it.
• The Institutions as well as the participation of civil society should be strengthened (Artisanal fishermen) to combat the IUU
Margarita Lizarraga Medal Award 2012-2013.
FAO say: “OSPESCA was selected with recognition of its significant contribution to sustainable fisheries and aquaculture development in the Central American countries
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