Articles in-english-grammar

Articles Articles (Članovi)(Članovi)

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Types of ArticlesTypes of Articles

--There are 2 types of articles: indefinite (a/an) and definite (the). -Also, when we do not use any articles at all, we will refer to it as a zero article (Ø).

--Postoje 2 vrste Postoje 2 vrste člana:člana:neodređeni (a/an)(a/an) i i određeni (the).određeni (the).-Takođe, kada ne koristimo nijedan član, odnosićemo se prema tome kao prema nultom članu (Ø).

The indefinite article (The indefinite article (a/ana/an)) A/an is a short

form of one or any, which suggests that we can use it only with countable singular nouns.

For example: a dog, a car, NOT: a dogs!

aa dog dog Ø dogs

The indefinite article (The indefinite article (a/ana/an)) Golden rule

number 1: Never use a countable singular noun without an article! (NOT: I saw Ø kangaroo in the zoo. CORRECT: a kangaroo)

Golden rule number 2: Never use plural nouns with indefinite articles! (NOT: I saw a kangaroos in the zoo(?!?). CORRECT: Ø kangaroos).

aa kangaroo kangaroo Ø kangaroos

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Golden rule number 3!

Use a before nouns beginning with consonants (for example: a book, a cup, a picture)

Use an before nouns beginning with vowels (for example: an apple, an orange, an egg).

aa bbook ook

aa ccup up

aan n aapple pple

aan n oorange range

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Golden rule number 4! We use the

indefinite article when we describe people’s professions.

For example: My brother is an architect; his sister is an engineer.

an architect

an engineer

First/ second mention We use the indefinite article when

we do not know which one. For example: Give me a chair! (I need any chair, or one chair, I’m not interested in any particular chair.) If we say, for example, Give me the chair!, it means that I know exactly which chair I need.

We use the indefinite article when we introduce a noun into a context for the first time, that is, that noun is not mentioned before. (for example: A man came to my office.) If we continue talking about the man, we will use the: The man was looking for you.)

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1) The zero article (Ø) • We We do notdo not use indefinite articles use indefinite articles

with with uncountable nounsuncountable nouns (examples of uncountable nouns: (examples of uncountable nouns: water, sand, money, ricewater, sand, money, rice etc.) So, etc.) So, we do we do NOTNOT say: I eat a rice every say: I eat a rice every day (?!?). day (?!?). CORRECTCORRECT: I eat rice : I eat rice every day.every day.

• We do not use any articles when We do not use any articles when we talk about thingswe talk about things in general in general. . For example: People like For example: People like ØØ music. music.

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2)The zero article (Ø)•We do not use articles when we talk about languages. For example: I like English and French. BUT we say: the English language, the French language.

•We do not need articles when we talk about magazines. For example: My sister likes reading Ø Cosmopolitan. BUT newspapers take the. For example: My uncle reads the Times every morning.Powered by Powered by Prevodioci.co.rsPrevodioci.co.rs

3)The zero article (Ø) When we talk about When we talk about mealsmeals we we do notdo not

use articles: What did you have for use articles: What did you have for ØØ lunch?lunch?

We We do NOTdo NOT use articles with the use articles with the names of names of countries, continents, countries, continents, citiescities, , states, mountains and states, mountains and lakeslakes! For example: Serbia (NOT: the ! For example: Serbia (NOT: the Serbia), Asia (NOT: the Asia), Berlin Serbia), Asia (NOT: the Asia), Berlin (NOT: the Berlin), Idaho (NOT: the (NOT: the Berlin), Idaho (NOT: the Idaho), Everest (NOT: the Everest), Idaho), Everest (NOT: the Everest), Michigan (NOT: the Michigan).Michigan (NOT: the Michigan).

We We do NOTdo NOT use articles with use articles with names names of people and places/regionsof people and places/regions!! For For example: Catherine (NOT: the example: Catherine (NOT: the Catherine), Central Europe (NOT: the Catherine), Central Europe (NOT: the Central Europe)Central Europe)

4)The zero article (Ø) We We do notdo not use articles with use articles with

names of names of streets, roads, streets, roads, squaressquares andand parksparks. For . For example: Oxford Street (NOT: the example: Oxford Street (NOT: the Oxford Street), Victoria Road Oxford Street), Victoria Road (NOT: the Victoria Road), (NOT: the Victoria Road), Trafalgar Square (NOT: the Trafalgar Square (NOT: the Trafalgar Square), Hyde Park Trafalgar Square), Hyde Park (NOT: the Hyde Park).(NOT: the Hyde Park).

We We do notdo not use articles with the use articles with the names of names of shops and shops and restaurantsrestaurants. For example: . For example: Harrods (NOT: the Harrods), Harrods (NOT: the Harrods), McDonalds (NOT: the McDonalds)McDonalds (NOT: the McDonalds)

The definite article (the)The definite article (the) To begin with, the is the

short form of this/that or these/those.

We use the with both countable and uncountable nouns, both singular and plural forms, when everybody knows which noun we are referring to! (For example: Will you, please, answer the phone?)

Answer Answer thethe phonephone

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The definite article (the) We use the when

the noun is defined by a phrase that follows. For example: Can I take the sports bag in the middle?

We use the with OF phrases. For example: The beginning of the month was very difficult. Or: the roof of the house

Can I take the bag in the middle?

The roof of the house is double-slope.

The definite article (the) We use the when we

talk about inventions and musical instruments: Who invented the telephone? The guitar is my favorite instrument.

We use the with theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries, museums: the Palace theatre; the Odeon Cinema; the Hilton hotel; the Tate gallery; the British museum, etc.

the guitar

the Odeon cinema

The definite article (the) We use the when we

talk about republics and kingdoms. For example: the Dominican Republic, the United Kingdom, etc.

We use the when we use plural names: I like to watch the Simpsons. She lives in the States.

The map of the Czech Republic

The Simpsons

The definite article (the)The definite article (the) We use the with

mountain ranges (BUT: we do not use the in front of mountains!), for example: the Alps, BUT: Ø Old mountain.

We use the with the names of oceans, seas, rivers and canals (all water areas except lakes!). For example: the Atlantic Ocean, the Black Sea, the Danube, the Suez Canal, BUT: Ø Lake Ohrid.

TheThe Alps Alps

TheThe Moscow river Moscow river

Let’s exercise!Let’s exercise!

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Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where where necessary:necessary:

1. I want ____ apple from that basket. 1. I want ____ apple from that basket. 2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.2. ____ church on the corner is progressive. 3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese. 4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and 4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and

pens.pens. 5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late 5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late

today."today." 6. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.6. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain. 7. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her 7. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her

school.school. 8. Please give me ____ cake that is on the table.8. Please give me ____ cake that is on the table. 9. I lived on ____ Main Street when I first came to town.9. I lived on ____ Main Street when I first came to town. 10. Belgrade is ____ capital of ____ Serbia.10. Belgrade is ____ capital of ____ Serbia. 11. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog. ____ dog 11. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog. ____ dog

is very friendly but ____ cat doesn't like company.is very friendly but ____ cat doesn't like company.

Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where where necessary:necessary:

1.1. ___ pasta we had for dinner last night was ___ pasta we had for dinner last night was excellent.excellent.

2.2. Jack is wearing ___ pullover today.Jack is wearing ___ pullover today.3.3. Maria likes ____ music.Maria likes ____ music.4.4. ___ brown cap over there belongs to Mark.___ brown cap over there belongs to Mark.5.5. My grandfather had ___ long life.My grandfather had ___ long life.6.6. That book is about ___ life of ___ Helen Keller.That book is about ___ life of ___ Helen Keller.7.7. Tommy wants to be ___ tourist guide when he Tommy wants to be ___ tourist guide when he

grows up.grows up.8.8. ___ people wear ___ jewelry to make themselves ___ people wear ___ jewelry to make themselves

more attractive.more attractive.9.9. ___ telegraph was a very important invention.___ telegraph was a very important invention.10.10. Do you know ___ people in ___ next house?Do you know ___ people in ___ next house?

Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where necessary: where necessary: 1. Albert Einstein was __ famous scientist. 2. Einstein was born in __ Germany in 1879. 3. Einstein won __ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. 4. Einstein left his country and lived in __ States until he died in 1955. 5. Einstein is known for his theory of __ relativity. 6. __ German physicist, who discovered X-rays in 1895, was named

Wilhelm Roentgen. 7. Roentgen won __ 1901 Nobel Prize. 8. Mandela was born in __ South Africa. 9. Mandela was __ first President elected in South Africa after

Apartheid was abolished. 10. Mandela was imprisoned for __ nearly 30 years for his anti-

apartheid activities. 11. Mother Teresa was __ Roman Catholic nun. 12. Mother Teresa became famous for her hard work with __ poor. 13. She was __ founder of order of nuns called the Missionaries of

Charity. 14. Mother Teresa lived in __ Calcutta, India.

*apartheid – –n. = segregated political system in South Africa (aparthejd)

Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where where necessary:necessary:

1) My grandmother likes ____ flowers very much.1) My grandmother likes ____ flowers very much. 22) I love ____ flowers in your garden. ) I love ____ flowers in your garden. 33) Emily needs ____ new desk in her room. ) Emily needs ____ new desk in her room. 4) Peter has ____ aunt in Berlin. 4) Peter has ____ aunt in Berlin. 5) I always listen to _____ radio in the morning. 5) I always listen to _____ radio in the morning. 6) Alex goes to work by _____ bus. 6) Alex goes to work by _____ bus. 7) Don't be late for _____ school. 7) Don't be late for _____ school. 8) Listen! Dennis is playing _____ trumpet. 8) Listen! Dennis is playing _____ trumpet. 9) She has never been to _____ Alps before. 9) She has never been to _____ Alps before. 10) What about going to ____ Australia in February? 10) What about going to ____ Australia in February? 11) The speed of this car was 160 miles ____ hour. 11) The speed of this car was 160 miles ____ hour. 12) There was ____ man this morning looking for 12) There was ____ man this morning looking for

you. ____ man was very polite.you. ____ man was very polite.

Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where where necessary:necessary:

1) This is ____ expensive bike.1) This is ____ expensive bike. 2) ____ Mount Everest is ____ highest mountain on 2) ____ Mount Everest is ____ highest mountain on

earth. earth. 3) She's reading ____ old comic. 3) She's reading ____ old comic. 4) We are listening to ____ English CD.4) We are listening to ____ English CD. 5) ____ most children like ____ sweets. 5) ____ most children like ____ sweets. 6) _____ summer of 1996 was hot and dry.6) _____ summer of 1996 was hot and dry. 7) She has ____ exercise book in her school bag. 7) She has ____ exercise book in her school bag. 8) Our friends, ___ Millers, moved to _____Florida 8) Our friends, ___ Millers, moved to _____Florida

last August.last August. 9) ____ smog is ____ problem in _____ big cities. 9) ____ smog is ____ problem in _____ big cities. 10) My brother is ____ honest person. 10) My brother is ____ honest person.

Put in Put in a/ana/an, , thethe or or ØØ where necessary: where necessary: Hi John,

I arrived in ___ USA last Monday. We left ___ Rome, flew over ___ Alps and made a quick stop in ___ London. There we went shopping in ___ Harrods, visited ___ Tower and enjoyed a sunny afternoon in ___ Hyde Park. On the following day we left for ___ New York. ___ time on board wasn't boring as there were two films to watch on ____ monitor. ___ people on ___ plane were all Italian. Before we landed at JFK airport, we saw ____ Statue of Liberty and ___ Empire State Building. ____ hotel I stayed in was on ____ corner of ____ 42nd Street. I don't like ____ hotels very much, but I didn't have time to rent ___ apartment.

Please say hello to Peter and Mandy. Yours, Peter

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