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Artaud’sArtaud’sTheatre Theatre and it’s and it’s DoubleDouble
Artaud’s ActorArtaud’s Actor
Highly trainedHighly trained
Breath controlBreath control
Semi-ritualistic chants of Eastern religionsSemi-ritualistic chants of Eastern religions
Tempo-RhythmTempo-Rhythm
Emotional releaseEmotional release
Artaud’s TheatreArtaud’s TheatreAlternative theatre spacesAlternative theatre spaces
Audience at the centre of the actionAudience at the centre of the action
Audience trapped and powerlessAudience trapped and powerless
A sensory experienceA sensory experience
No boundaries between actor and audienceNo boundaries between actor and audience
Use of galleriesUse of galleries
Full musical scores usedFull musical scores used
Recorded sound used at full volumeRecorded sound used at full volume
Sophisticated lighting effectsSophisticated lighting effects
Example – Example – The CenciThe Cenci (1935) (1935)
““The auditorium will be enclosed within four walls, stripped of any ornament, with The auditorium will be enclosed within four walls, stripped of any ornament, with the audience seated below, in the middle, on swivelling chairs, allowing them to the audience seated below, in the middle, on swivelling chairs, allowing them to follow the show taking place around them.”follow the show taking place around them.”
[T& ID, 1985. p.75][T& ID, 1985. p.75]
Puppetry and MaskPuppetry and Mask
Symbolism rather than functionalismSymbolism rather than functionalism
Emphasise sense of ritualEmphasise sense of ritual
Cruel and archetypalCruel and archetypal
Example – Example – Ubu RoiUbu Roi (1896) (1896)
LanguageLanguage
Based on signs, not dialogueBased on signs, not dialogue
Anti – characterAnti – character
Extended means of communicationExtended means of communication
Speech replaced by sound patternsSpeech replaced by sound patterns
SurrealSurreal
Dada poetryDada poetry
Phonetic Poem (1917) Hugo BallPhonetic Poem (1917) Hugo Ball
KARAWANEKARAWANE
jolifanto bambla o falli bamblajolifanto bambla o falli bambla
grossiga m’pfa habla horemgrossiga m’pfa habla horem
egiga goramenegiga goramen
higo bloiko russula hujuhigo bloiko russula huju
hollaka hollakahollaka hollaka
anlogo bunganlogo bung
blago bungblago bung
blago bungblago bung
bosso fatakabosso fataka
u uu uu uu u
schampa wulla wussa oloboschampa wulla wussa olobo
hej tatta goremhej tatta gorem
eschige zunbadaeschige zunbada
wulubu ssubudu uluw ssubuduwulubu ssubudu uluw ssubudu
tumba ba – umftumba ba – umf
kusagaumakusagauma
ba – umfba – umf
[Waldberg, P., Surrealism, 1965][Waldberg, P., Surrealism, 1965]
There is no more firmamentThere is no more firmament““Darkness. Explosions in the Dark. Harmonies cut short. Raw sounds. Sound Darkness. Explosions in the Dark. Harmonies cut short. Raw sounds. Sound blurring. The music gives the impression of a far-off cataclysm; it envelops the blurring. The music gives the impression of a far-off cataclysm; it envelops the theatre, falling as if from a vertiginous height. Chords are stuck in the sky; they theatre, falling as if from a vertiginous height. Chords are stuck in the sky; they dissipate, going from on extreme to the other. Sounds fall as if from a great height, dissipate, going from on extreme to the other. Sounds fall as if from a great height, stop short and spread out in arcs, forming vaults and parasols. Tiered sounds.stop short and spread out in arcs, forming vaults and parasols. Tiered sounds.
Beginnings of glimmers that change continually, passing from red to harsh pink, from Beginnings of glimmers that change continually, passing from red to harsh pink, from silver to green, turn white; suddenly boundless, opaque, yellow light, the colour of silver to green, turn white; suddenly boundless, opaque, yellow light, the colour of dirty fog or the Simoon…dirty fog or the Simoon…
Street cried. Various voices. An infernal racket. When one sound stands out, the Street cried. Various voices. An infernal racket. When one sound stands out, the others fade into the background accordingly…others fade into the background accordingly…
A hysterical woman wails, makes as if to undress. A child cries with huge, terrible A hysterical woman wails, makes as if to undress. A child cries with huge, terrible sobs…sobs…
Sudden stop. Everything starts again. Everyone takes his place again as if nothing Sudden stop. Everything starts again. Everyone takes his place again as if nothing had happened.”had happened.”
[Artaud, A., Collected works][Artaud, A., Collected works]
RitualRitual
Influenced by Balinese DancersInfluenced by Balinese Dancers
Influenced by Neitzsche and the God Dionysus Influenced by Neitzsche and the God Dionysus i.e. passion and irrationalityi.e. passion and irrationality
Appeals primarily to the sensesAppeals primarily to the senses
““A ritual generally takes the form of repeating a pattern of words and A ritual generally takes the form of repeating a pattern of words and gestures which tend to excite us above a normal state of mind. gestures which tend to excite us above a normal state of mind. Once this state of mind is induced we are receptive and suggestible Once this state of mind is induced we are receptive and suggestible and ready for the climax of the rite. At the climax the essential and ready for the climax of the rite. At the climax the essential nature of something is changed.”nature of something is changed.”
[Ann Jellicoe, quoted in Innes. P. 219][Ann Jellicoe, quoted in Innes. P. 219]
SurrealismSurrealism
Themes taken from SurrealismThemes taken from Surrealism
Redefinition of realityRedefinition of reality
Insights into the subconsciousInsights into the subconscious
Defines madness and non-madnessDefines madness and non-madness
Artaud expelledArtaud expelled
SelectiveSelective
““I think I have found a suitable title for my book. It will be:I think I have found a suitable title for my book. It will be:
THE THEATRE AND IT’S DOUBLETHE THEATRE AND IT’S DOUBLE
For if theatre is the double of life, life is the double of true For if theatre is the double of life, life is the double of true theatre…This title will correspond to all the doubles of theatre…This title will correspond to all the doubles of theatre which I thought I had found over so many years: theatre which I thought I had found over so many years: metaphysics, the plague, cruelty.”metaphysics, the plague, cruelty.”
[Quoted in Sellin, 1975. p93][Quoted in Sellin, 1975. p93]
The Theatre and it’s DoubleThe Theatre and it’s Double
Production and MetaphysicsProduction and MetaphysicsTheatre and the PlagueTheatre and the PlagueThe Theatre of Cruelty, First and Second The Theatre of Cruelty, First and Second ManifestosManifestos
Production and MetaphysicsProduction and Metaphysics
Used to express anything that has no rational Used to express anything that has no rational explanationexplanation
Use of dance as expressionUse of dance as expression
Non-verbal signs for communicationNon-verbal signs for communication
More narrative than traditional mimeMore narrative than traditional mime
Gesture with depth of meaningGesture with depth of meaning
Dramatic spectacleDramatic spectacle
Simultaneous actionSimultaneous action
SurrealismSurrealism
ComedyComedy
Influences of MetaphysicsInfluences of Metaphysics
Balinese DancersBalinese Dancers
Lot and His DaughtersLot and His Daughters
The Marx BrothersThe Marx Brothers
Theatre and the PlagueTheatre and the Plague
Physical effectsPhysical effects
Allegory and analogyAllegory and analogy
Stripped theatre of it’s constraintsStripped theatre of it’s constraints
Intention to challenge and disturb audienceIntention to challenge and disturb audience
Definition of ‘real’ playDefinition of ‘real’ play
““A real stage play upsets our tranquillity, A real stage play upsets our tranquillity, releases our repressed subconscious, releases our repressed subconscious, drives us to a kind of potential drives us to a kind of potential rebellion.”rebellion.”
[T&ID, 1985. p.19][T&ID, 1985. p.19]
The Theatre of CrueltyThe Theatre of Cruelty
Connection between director, actor and spectatorConnection between director, actor and spectator
Against conventional theatre spacesAgainst conventional theatre spaces
Opposed to the representation of real lifeOpposed to the representation of real life
Creation of a new languageCreation of a new language
Use of emotionUse of emotion
Myth, ritual and well-known talesMyth, ritual and well-known tales
ShockShock
Collected WorksCollected WorksCorrespondence and lettersCorrespondence and letters
InterviewsInterviews
ManifestosManifestos
ReviewsReviews
The Alfred Jarry TheatreThe Alfred Jarry Theatre
FilmFilm
Un Chien AndalouUn Chien Andalou
Plays by ArtaudPlays by ArtaudThe CenciThe Cenci
The Death of SatanThe Death of Satan
Plays influenced by ArtaudPlays influenced by ArtaudUbu Roi by A. JarryUbu Roi by A. Jarry
Murderer, Hope of Womankind by O. KokoschkaMurderer, Hope of Womankind by O. Kokoschka
Royal Hunt of the Sun by P. ShafferRoyal Hunt of the Sun by P. Shaffer
Equus by P. ShafferEquus by P. Shaffer
Marat / Sade by P. WeissMarat / Sade by P. Weiss
East by S. BerkoffEast by S. Berkoff
Decadence by S. BerkoffDecadence by S. Berkoff
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