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7/29/2019 ARCPRESS Stairs - 2nd Edition - Section 7 - Detailed Construction - Iron Steel and Other Materials 8 of 15
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Stairs
Secondedition
Alan and Sylvia Blanc
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7 Detailed construction: iron, steel andother metals
7.1 Ladders and laddersteps
Cast- and wrought-iron work in ladders
and stairs has a tradition that stems fi-om
the Industrial Revolution (Figures 7.1Uand 7.1b).Another source is the spider’s
web of steps that straddle the Eiffel
Tower. The lattice girders were designed
as ladders to enable the repainting to be
carried out without cradles or scaffold.
The addition of lightly framed steel
stairs and handrailing can be less intrusive
th:m inasonry construction when making
ruins accessible for tourists. At Rochester
Castle, John Winter was asked to insert
floors and add a roof to the open shell
of the ruined tower. He was also asked
to construct a staircase in such a position
that the puldic could enter the castle
through the original doorway. I t is not
known 11c)w the original stairs or roof
were constructed, so it w;is decided to
make these model-n structures, hut to
keep them discreet so that the famous
\ric.n,s o f the c:istle wei-e not Liffected.
‘l’lic staircxe is ;i siniple structure of
stwl Inr-sand plate with oak treads. It is
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 115
7.2 Fire escape stairs
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116 Stairs
Cast iron grid Angle
frame to tread
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 117
_ -
7.3 Standard internal stairs
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118 Stairs
7.4 Spiral stairsTread andstring details
Well end
1
\
Flights at landing
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 119
ing. Designer spir;ils ha\.e reachecl
I>eyoncl the limit of coininon sense in
Fl-ance \\,it11 polislied alui i i in i i i i i castingsrescmhling giant teaspoons that ;irejettiecl
off :I spinal \wtelxi (Figure7. 4~) .’atterns
of nineteentli-centur~ ngineering ;ii-estill
ii i:inu~~ctii recl, the de\-elopmt.nts in
replica c:tsting 1iie;iiisthat historic fe:itures
can hc. m:ttchecl. Thespir:il st:iirs :incl lxi l-
coniesat the I’alm House,Kc. \ \ . ,re ;I rase
in point (Figure 7.1 I ) , \+.lierethe iiatur;i-
listic forms still perfectly echo the n:itur:il
plant iiiaterid.
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120 Stairs
7.5 Special stairs
Rod balustrade
supporting treads
Welded chequer plate
Flats
Rod bracinglats for strings
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 121
secured direct
Renewable nos;
, xK Non-slip inset', '
Tile filling
/Terrazzo filling
,// support at strings
Stoneimarble tread
f Sheet steel flatSoffit fixings
Tubular rail
Welded angle frame
In-situ infill
... . . ,.
**\Steel tray
Steel tray
Cold folded Plastic tileicork infill/frame /
J
fSteel plate
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122 Stairs
ionnection bolt
Top sectionwith end balustrade-
Stepping offplatform \
BalustradeJ \section
Stay
Cotter-
Stay bolt
Spacer tube&
Centre
senkwl hy n:iked light I X I I I X - replace-
nient of the I X I I I X \ \ xffected by sliding
the light fixture along its o\w-lie:id tl-ack
at the top floor :ind then \\.alking ckwn
to c~ichancling (o ch:inge the, I x i l h . Tlie
slencler qu~i l i t~~f steel profiles c-:in
reduce the imlxict o f pre-cast concrete
or timlxr \\.hich ma)- he selecttd lk)r
ti-e:icls. 1,aclclei. trusses \i.itli horizont:il
steel trellises \ \ , i l l c:iriy 'plank' tre:icls,
tlw uppc'r line of the trusses foi-ming ;I
1i:inclt;iil. This motif' \\':is usecl frecjuc.ntl\,
by hI:ii-cel Hreuer for cxxtern:il stairs to
recluce the impact or shaclo\\. froin the
construction interfc3ring \\.it11 thy fenestra-
tion (Iigure 7.5c).
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 123
7.6 Suspended stairs
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124 Stairs
Compression fixings
ILanding ortread trays
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 125
P re-cast concrete
Continued to formbalustrade to floor above
Tube or flat bar
fixed clear
treads framed
Tubes or flatssuspended fromfloor structure.
I V
Vertical trellis for suspended flight
Handrail fixed clearre suspenders
\ II
Flat barframeworkwith lappedand rivettedjoints
Strings fixed
suspenders
either sideof central
-
Continuous suspenders(for dog-leg on spinewith flights either side)
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126 Stairs
Vertical suspendersto carry steelplate stairs
Head plate7
Handrail with cleats off rods Acrylic panel
\ ach tread plate (steel or precarried on rods at either end
-cast)
~
Suspended stairs from floor above
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 127
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128 Stairs
7.7 Metal balustrading
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 129
Angle to suitrequirements
,\ 1275" rad
N50-16ANGLE BEND
/P
-102- *75-
N50-20 4" 3'
WALL RAIL BRACKET
-27S"--N50-17
SPLIT CONNECTING SLEEVE
N50 21
SADDLE CROSS
N50-7 N50-14
N50- 15
N50~9END PLUG
N50w8
CHAIN EYE PLUG
N50-22ANGLED SADDLE J OINT
01
01
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130 Stairs
Stainless
bolted toplate
Industrial
typebalustrade
P A d e dolted
to tubularstring
Rod balustrade
Tubularsteel
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 131
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132 Stairs
Circular
out and metal
Fixingto concrete
6 rnm reinforcingDais to case hole
tubular baluster
Edge fixingto concrete
to hold baluster
Use of sleeved fixingsfor baluster ends - usuallystandards at 120011300 centrescarrying railing panels
/;i,qi/i,(, .cS/’ 7i.cieli/ioi/ril iJ i(,/lil l ~ c i l i i . ~ / i ~~ i~ l~ i~~ :, i)i i i ic~/ioii .s ii,(,lllii/g, c,/ . s c . i . ( J / l : y ,
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 133
Patternof 2 hardwooddowels to 1 bronze
60 x 120 laminatedORsolid handrail (hardwood)
Constantbalustradepanels
20 mmbalusters (hardwoodand bronze rod on 2:l ratio)
to improve strength
Laminated kerb adjustedto give correct
height in balustrade
60 mm sinking for balusters
120mmsinking for balusters
Timber bound facinasRadius to
hardwoodcappings
Hardwood
PlYveneer
__c
Laminatedkerb .-w
Cast in battens for fixings
Pre-cast slab/flights
Textured paint finishto concrete
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134 Stairs
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Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 135
References
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