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1 /1/17/2011
Architecture Developmentfor the Smart Grid
Mark Adamiak
GE Digital Energy
2 /1/17/2011
Mark’s Definition of the Smart Grid:• Finally implementing what was proposed more than 20 years ago…
• “Homeostatic Utility Control”, F.C. Schweppe et al, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-99, Number 3, May 1980 - (Schweppe mentions five minute updates of prices)
• A New Measurement Technique for Tracking Voltage Phasors, Local System Frequency, and Rate of Change of Frequency – IEEE 1982 Summer Meeting
• Development and Pilot Demonstration of Hardware for an AEP System Test Program Relative to the Variable Spot Pricing of Electricity – American Power Conference – 1990.
• EPRI Distribution Automation Project – 1990.
• EPRI Electric Vehicle Program - 1978
3 /1/17/2011
Central GeneratingStation
Step-Up Transformer
DistributionSubstation
ReceivingStation
DistributionSubstation
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Industrial Commercial
Gas Turbine
RecipEngine
Cogeneration
RecipEngine
Fuel cell
Micro-turbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photovoltaics
Batteries
Residential Data Concentrator
Control Center
Data network Users
2. Distributed Computing Infrastructure
1.Power Infrastructure
The Power System– in the beginning
Two Infrastructures must now be managed
4 /1/17/2011
Communication & Sensing Environments
5 /1/17/2011
Example: Environment 18:Customer to Electric Service Provider
ESPESP
Encompasses:• Distributed processing• Security• Data management
Typical applications:
• Automatic meter reading
• Monitoring / control of DER
• Demand response
• Real Time Pricing
Requirements:
• Large volumes of data
• Frequent re-configuration
• Large number of nodes
• Broadcast of information
6 /1/17/2011
Narratives & Use Cases of Power System OperationsFunctional Requirements
Distributed Information – Common Object
Models and Services
Potential TechnicalSolutions and Best Practices
High LevelArchitectural
Concepts
System Designers submit queries based on specific functional
requirements
Domain and Architecture Experts analyze and extract
distributed information requirements
Technology Experts link distributed information requirements to
potential technology solutions and best practices
IntelliGrid and StakeholderDomain Experts
Provide System Designer with potential solutions and best
practices
Domain Experts provide expert descriptions of
functional requirements
Architecture Experts establish high level
architectural conceptsIntelliGrid & StakeholderArchitecture Experts
Architecture Experts describe potential solutions, based on high level concepts, their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages,
(including certain legacy technologies)
Power Engineers
Power Engineers review relevant Use Cases
Provide Power Engineer with
functional requirements
System Designers
Architecture Development Process
7 /1/17/2011
Requirements Capture Template• Function name• Description – by Domain Expert• Actors (stakeholder) / roles• Activities / Services• Quality of Service
– Availability– Performance– Volume of Information– Security
• Current implementation status• Interaction requirements• Sequence of Functioning (Data Flow)
8 /1/17/2011
Standards are Good!
“Standards are great. Everyone should have one.”
– Bob Metcalfe, Co-inventor of Ethernet
but Fewer of the Right Standards are Better
9 /1/17/2011
Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Framework –Ver 1.0 - Final - Now 75 Standards defined by NIST
Protocol & ApplicationAMI-SEC System Security Requirements
ANSI C12.19/MC1219 – Revenue Metering
BACnet ANSI ASHRAE 135-2008/ISO 16484-5 – Building Automation
DNP3 - Substation and feeder device automation
IEC 60870-6 / TASE.2 - Inter-control center communications
IEC 61850 - Utility automation and protection
IEC 61968/61970 - Application level energy management system interfaces
IEC 62351 Parts 1-8 - Information security for power system control operations
IEEE C37.118 - Phasor measurement unit (PMU)communications
10 /1/17/2011
Technology Independent Architecture
Discoverable Information
Models
Common Services/Interfaces *
Composite Applications Data Mining
and AnalysisPortalsPortalsComposite Composite Data Mining
Local Legacy Applications
Wholesale and Retail Market
Operations
Utility Field
Devices
Networking and
Computer Hardware
* Includes: security, object naming,
platform services (transactions, time,
etc.)
** Includes: domain objects, se curity
objects, managed device objects, etc.
Databases, Directories, and Registries
Databases, Directories, and Registries
Web Pages & Documents
Web Pages & Documents
Other File Types (e.g. email, etc.)Other File Types (e.g. email, etc.)
* Includes: security, object naming,
platform services (transactions, time,
etc.)
** Includes: domain objects, security
objects, managed device objects, etc.
11 /1/17/2011
Optical Current Sensor Development
• Better Accuracy• Large dynamic range• No saturation• Able to measure DC• Can be installed over the existing infrastructure
12 /1/17/2011
Temperature and Pressurevia Fiber Bragg
13 /1/17/2011
Needs: New Coating Technology
14 /1/17/2011
The Work Ahead• Harmonize the existing common services, information models, and interfaces
– Work in progress between 61850 & CIM– Security profiles being proposed
• Integrate security, systems, network management, and technical development• Identify the Gaps and work to fill-in
– IEEE 1588 for Utilities– Mapping of Synchrophasors into 61850– Optical Sensing
Architecture development is a process– not an end point
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