Arches

ARCHES

ARCHES:•  A structure, especially one of masonry, forming the curved, pointed, or flat upper edge of an open space and supporting the weight above it, as in a bridge or doorway•The arch supports a vertical load primarily by axial compression of its wedge-shaped voussoirs.

•A curved structural member spanning an opening. The wedge shaped elements that make up an arch keep one another in place and transform the vertical pressure of the structure above into lateral pressure.

TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:

TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH

TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:INTRADOS OR SOFFIT:It is the under curve of an arch.Crown

Highest point of extrados

Extrados It is the under curve of an arch.

Haunch It is the lower portion of arch between crown and

the skewbacks.

Spandril: Curved triangular space formed between the extrados and the horizontal line through the crown

A keystone is the wedge-shaped stone piece fixed at the crown of the arch

KEY STONE

voussoirs

A wedge-shaped stone or brick that is used with others to construct an arch or vault.

SPRINGER

Skew back :This the inclined surface on the abutment

Springer: It is the first voussior at springing level

It is immediately adjacent to skew back

Springing points: These are the points from which the curve of arch springs

Springing line: It is an imaginary line joining the springing points of either end

PIER:A pier is a solid block of masonrysupporting an arch. They areoften made of stone, but thoseserving as primary support forlarge arches are usually madeof concrete.

PIER

TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:FOUNDATION:The foundation is a large stone that is set into the

ground. The piers are then built on top of it. It transfers the weight of the arch to the soil in the ground.

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CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHESAn arch can be classified according to

Shape

Number of centers

Workmanship

Materials of construction

According to shapeAccording to shape arches are of 10 types.

They areFlat archSegmental archSemi-circular archHorse-shoe archPointed archVenetian archFlorentine archRelieving archStilted archSemi-elliptical arch

Flat arch: A flat arch is the angle formed by the skewbacks as 60˚ with the horizontal

TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:

TYPES OF ARCHES:

TYPES OF ARCHES:

TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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TYPES OF ARCHES:

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LINTELS:

A lintel is a horizontal structural member, which is fixed over the openings viz.., doors, windows recesses etc. to support the structure over the opening.Lintels are usually rectangular in shape and they afford facilities for fixing the door and window frames, wherever they are used. Lintels may be made of several materials such as wood, stone , brick, reinforced concrete, rolled steel sections embedded in the cement concrete

WOODEN LINTEL

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LINTELS:

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LINTELS:

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LINTELS:

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LINTELS:

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LINTELS: