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8/6/2019 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, General Electric, Tom McGibbon - Nov 07
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GE Energy
Arc-FlashHazard
AnalysisWMEA
Photo courtesy of SquareD and Schneider Electric.
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3GE Proprietary
Frequent Causes of Arc-Flash
Hazards Extended maintenance cycles Extreme environments Improper PPE Missing or ineffective hazard labeling
Unsafe work practices Complacency
Photo courtesy of Easypower.com
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4GE Proprietary
Drivers for Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis
Employee safety Industry standards
NFPA standards IEEE standards OSHA
Financial liability Regulatory fines Litigation potential Lost production Insurance premiums
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5GE Proprietary
Employee Safety
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6GE Proprietary
Arc-Flash Injury PotentialPotential Health Impacts Burns, Lacerations,Concussions, Broken Bones, Vision Impairment,Fatality Arc-flash injuries occur daily in the U.S.
requiring hospitalization
Arc-plasma temperatures may reach
35,000F (~ 4 x hotter than the sunssurface)
80% of all electrical injuries are burnsfrom electric arc-flash and ignition of
employees' clothing
Courtesy of Coastal Video and Joetedesco.com
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7GE Proprietary
Traditional Studies are InsufficientArc-Flash builds upon your commitment to safetydemonstrated through traditional power systemstudies
GE has over 100 years experiencein performing power system studies
Arc-Flash Utilizes Results from: Short-circuit analysis Protective device coordination study Load flow analysis Harmonic analysis Motor starting study Transient stability
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8GE Proprietary
Securing Safety is in the DetailsArc-Flash Hazard Analysis will calculate: NFPA-based level of PPE required
Areas where PPE can not provide protection
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9GE Proprietary
Industry Standards
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10GE Proprietary
Industry Standards include: NFPA 70, National Electric Code 2005
(110.16)
NEC 2005 Handbook OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269; OSHA1910.132(d)(1)
IEEE Std 1584-2002, IEEE Guide forPerforming Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
and IEEE Std. 1584a-2004 (Amendment 1) NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety inthe Workplace 2004 Edition, 130.3(B)
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OSHA InterpretationThough OSHA does not, per se, enforce the NFPAstandard, 2004 Edition, OSHA considers NFPAstandard a recognized industry practice. Theemployer is required to conduct assessment inaccordance with CFR 1910.132(d)(1).Employers who conduct the hazard/riskassessment as stated in the NFPA 70E standard,2004 Edition, are deemed in compliance with theHazard Assessment and Equipment Selection OSHAstandard.Richard S. Terrill, the Regional Administrator for Occupational Safety andHealth, US Department of Labor for the Northwest Region at Seattle
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12GE Proprietary
OSHA 1910 Subpart S Revisions
Effective Aug 13th, 2007NFPA 70E-2000 is the basis for most of the final
rule. However, there are some parts based uponthe 2002 NEC and even some selected parts ofNFPA 70E 2004 Edition.
The Agency intends to extend thecommitment by using NFPA 70E as a basis forfuture revisions to its electrical safety-relatedwork practice requirements and newrequirements for electrical maintenance and
special equipment.
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13GE Proprietary
Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis Applicability
Electrical equipment such as: Switchgear
Switchboards Panelboards Motor Control Centers
All live electrical equipment: 250V and up
208V and 240V systems fed from 125kVAtransformers and up
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14GE Proprietary
Financial Liability
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15GE Proprietary
Ford Motor Company -Financial Liability
$14,000 fine Required to implement
hazard analyses at its 37manufacturing facilities andparts distribution centers inthe US
Settlement: U.S. Dept. of Labor,OSHRC Docket 00-0763
Injured employee didnot properly lock-outnor test for voltage,but Ford was held
liable, in part, for notusing NFPAguidelines to definehazards and specify
PPE
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16GE Proprietary
OSHAIssuing Fines for Non-Compliance
$193,000 - Pieper Electric$80,000 - Narragansett Electric Company,
Inc.Failure to instruct on unsafe conditions,
provide appropriate PPE and identifythe location of energized equipment andprotective measures to be taken
Recent Citations under OSHAs GeneralDuty Clause:
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17GE Proprietary
GE EnergysArc-Flash Analysis
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18GE Proprietary
Creating Confidence
IdentifySystems
DataCollection
Verification
DevelopAnalysis Models
Perform
SystemAnalysis
Analyze
Results
ImplementSolution
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19GE Proprietary
Expanded Analysis ResultsMinimum deliverables for each system location: Calculated IEEE-based incident energy and Arc-
Flash protection boundary with the correspondingNFPA-based PPE class
Arc-Flash and shock hazard labels
Additional benefits from GE Energys analysis: Uncover power system operational or design issues Uncover incorrect equipment trip settings Identify opportunities to improve system reliability,
efficiency, capacity, maintenance and safety
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21GE Proprietary
Limits of Approach
Limited Approach Boundary(Shock protection boundary)Distance from an exposedlive part where a shock hazard exists
Flash ProtectionBoundary
Distance from exposedlive parts where a personcould receive a seconddegree burn if anelectrical arc flash wereto occur
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22GE Proprietary
Limits of Approach (cont.)Restricted ApproachBoundary (Shockprotection boundary)Distance from an exposed livepart where there is anincreased risk of shock fromelectrical arc-over combinedwith inadvertent movement
Prohibited Approach Boundary
(Shock protection boundary)Distance from an exposed live partwhere work is considered the same asmaking contact with the live part
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23GE Proprietary
Arc-Flash Hazard and Shock Hazard
Equipment LabelsLabels for each system location Arc-Flash hazard boundaries
Shock hazard boundaries Combined levels of PPEDesigned for industrial environment
Highly visible 5 x 3-5/8 Chemical resistant UV resistant Washable/durable
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24GE Proprietary
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25GE Proprietary
Arc-Flash Hazard Work PermitsWork permits (by employer): Description and location of
circuit/equipment Justification for energized work Shock hazard protection
boundaries
Required by: NFPA 70E Section 110.8(B)(2) and 130.1(A)
If live components arenot placed in electricallysafe work condition,then it is considered
energized electricalwork, and awritten permit isrequired
Arc-flash hazard protection boundaries PPE and access restrictions Job briefing with discussion of job-specific
hazards Work approval signature
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26GE Proprietary
Bringing Experience and KnowledgeWorld-leading power system experience with: Industry specific applications
Power system equipment Greenfield solutions Service, local presence on a global scale
Current with NFPA and related standards via: Participation in NFPA committees and
conferences Monitoring industry and regulatory trends
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APPENDIX - Backupslides
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28GE Proprietary
Appendix - Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis
Power System Studies Overview Short-circuit study Protective device coordination study Load flow Harmonic analysis
Conceptual designPieper Electric Citation Excerpts
Reference NFPA 70E StandardsReference OSHA Materials
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Protective Device Coordination Study
Analyzes over-currentprotection devices ability toprotect components
Provides over-current devicesettings for relays, breakers,etc. (using short-circuit study
results) Isolates system faults,
minimizing damage
These five protectivedevices are set so that
they work together to tripand isolate the smallest
possible area of the powersystem
IEEE Std. 242-2001 Buff Book
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31GE Proprietary
Load Flow Study Supports conceptual design Determines when system
components are overloaded
and system modifications areneeded Performed when voltage
performance is inadequate Determines power factor
correction to increase systemcapacity and reduce utilitycosts
Impact loads modeled to seesystem effects
Load Flow
results showingwatt/var flowsand the
resulting systemvoltages (in
p.u.)
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32GE Proprietary
Harmonic Analysis Study Used to understand system
harmonics caused by drives,UPS systems, arc furnaces,
etc. Needed for selectingcapacitors for voltage/powerfactor improvement in aharmonic-rich environment
Needed to design harmonicfilters
Harmonics appear asdistortions of voltage and
current sine waves.
Resonance can amplifythese harmonics creatingsystem problems
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33GE Proprietary
Conceptual Design Study Maximizes benefits of capital
investments by producing a cost-effective system design for an
existing or new facility Performed when the existing
system is inadequate to serve its
loads Performed when a substantial
power system expansion is
plannedWhat could the powersystem look like in the
future?
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34GE Proprietary
Pieper Electric OSHA Citation
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35GE Proprietary
Pieper Electric OSHA Citation (Cont.)
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36GE Proprietary
Pieper Electric OSHA Citation (Cont.)
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37GE Proprietary
Pieper Electric OSHA Citation (Cont.)
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38GE Proprietary
110.16 Flash ProtectionElectrical equipment such as* switchboards, panel-boards, industrial control panels, meter socketenclosures, and motor control centers that are in otherthan dwelling occupancies and are likely to requireexamination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance
while energized shall be field marked to warn qualifiedpersons of potential electric arc flash hazards.
NEC 2008 Standards for Flash Protection
The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible toqualified persons before examination, adjustment,servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.
* New text for 2008 code.
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Reference OSHA MaterialsOSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 states that The employer shall ensure that eachemployee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs does notwear clothing that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, could increase theextent of injury that would be sustained by the employee.
OSHA 1910.132(d)(1) The employer shall assess the workplace todetermine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitatethe use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present,or likely to be present, the employer shall:
OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(i) Select, and have each affected employee use, thetypes of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identifiedin the hazard assessment;
OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(ii) Communicate selection decisions to each affectedemployee; and,
OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(iii) Select PPE that properly fits each affectedemployee. Note: Non-mandatory Appendix B contains an example ofprocedures that would comply with the requirement for a hazard assessment.
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