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APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information
Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks
Arati Manjeshwar, Dharma P. Agrawaly
IPDPS’02
Speaker : Chi-Chih Wu
OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation ConclusionsConclusions
IntroductionIntroduction
Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over wired oneswired ones Ease of deploymentEase of deployment Fault-toleranceFault-tolerance Self-organizationSelf-organization
Limitations of wireless mediaLimitations of wireless media Low bandwidthLow bandwidth Error prone transmissionsError prone transmissions Collision free channel access requirementsCollision free channel access requirements
IntroductionIntroductionLimited Energy
Longevity of the network
Below 40oF , north-east quadrant
average , north-east quadrant , last 5 hours
beyond 200oF , next 2 hours
Which Area , Between 40oF-200oF , past 2 hours
IntroductionIntroduction
QueriesQueries Historical queriesHistorical queries
What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest quadrantquadrant
One-time queryOne-time query What is the temperature in the northwest quadrantWhat is the temperature in the northwest quadrant
PersistentPersistent Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the
next 2 hoursnext 2 hours
IntroductionIntroduction
Wireless sensor network’s protocolWireless sensor network’s protocol Data centricData centric Capable of effective data aggregationCapable of effective data aggregation Distribute energy dissipation evenlyDistribute energy dissipation evenly Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the
longevity of the networklongevity of the network Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)
Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Hybrid Networks-Hybrid Networks
Proactive NetworksProactive Networks The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and
transmitters (LEACH)transmitters (LEACH) Reactive NetworksReactive Networks
The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined threshold value (TEEN)threshold value (TEEN)
Hybrid NetworkHybrid Network APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy
Efficient Sensor Network Protocol)Efficient Sensor Network Protocol)
BS
SN
SN
SN
SN
Sensing
communication
BS
SN
SN
SN
SN
Sensing sudden changessudden changes
Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model-Sensor Network Model
Hierarchical ClusteringHierarchical Clustering
HomogeneousLimited Energy
Adequate PowerTransmit directly to the sensor node
Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model-Sensor Network Model
Hierarchical ClusteringHierarchical Clustering
transmit only to CH
aggregationmost adjacent
larger distancereduce routing complexity
LEACH-CDecide CH (5%)Evenly distributeOptimally form cluster
Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy
Efficient Sensor Network ProtocolEfficient Sensor Network Protocol CH first broadcasts the following parametersCH first broadcasts the following parameters
Attributes (A)Attributes (A) ThresholdsThresholds
Hard threshold (HT)Hard threshold (HT) Soft threshold (ST)Soft threshold (ST)
ScheduleSchedule TDMATDMA
Count TimeCount Time Proactive componentProactive component
Cluster formation
1.Cluster change time2.TDMA schedule and parameters
Frame time (TDMA) Frame time (TDMA) …
TC
Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy
Efficient Sensor Network ProtocolEfficient Sensor Network Protocol Modified TDMA ScheduleModified TDMA Schedule
CDMA CDMA Inter-cluster collisionInter-cluster collision Common CDMA codeCommon CDMA code
CH -> BSCH -> BS BS -> NBS -> N
1.1.11.1.1 1.1.21.1.2 1.1.31.1.3 1.1.41.1.4 1.1.51.1.5 1.1.61.1.6 1.1.71.1.7 1.1.81.1.8 CH->BSCH->BS BS->NBS->N
1.11.1 1.21.2 1.31.3 1.41.4 1.51.5 CH->BSCH->BS BS->NBS->N
Frame Time
BS
CH
CH
Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation
Simulation EnvironmentSimulation Environment NS-2 simulatorNS-2 simulator 100 nodes100 nodes Area of 100 * 100 unitsArea of 100 * 100 units Fixed base stationFixed base station The nodes are place randomlyThe nodes are place randomly 0 – 200 0 – 200 ooFF Initial energy is 2JInitial energy is 2J Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy)Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy) Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy)Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy) Poisson arrival process of the arrival queriesPoisson arrival process of the arrival queries
ConclusionsConclusions
The hybrid protocol APTEENThe hybrid protocol APTEEN It combines the best features of both proactive and It combines the best features of both proactive and
reactive networksreactive networks Provides periodic data collection as well as near Provides periodic data collection as well as near
real-time warnings about critical eventsreal-time warnings about critical events
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