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Guided by
Prof. Golak Santra
By
Sachita Nand Mishra
U07EC397
outline What is smart dust ??
Smart dust requirements
MEMS technology in smart dust
Building block of WSM
How it works
Communicating with smart dust
Various applications
Road transport domain, military, factory automation and chemical plant, agricultural sector, medicine …..
Major challenges
conclusion
What is smart dust??
consist of large amount of millimeter scale electronic device referred to individually as motes.
Motes as tiny as dust particles and consist of wireless transceiver.
Thousands of motes collectively known as smart dust .
spread throughout the atmosphere powerful means of collecting and monitoring information.
sensing , computing, wireless and autonomous power supply within volume of few millimeters.
Contd….. Tiny dust size with extra ordinary capabilities.
A wireless sensor network(WSN).
Useful in monitoring real world phenomenon without disturbing the original process.
So small and light in weight that they can remain suspended in the environment like an ordinary dust particle.
hard to detect the presence of smart dust.
Possible to see using green laser pointer
Who developed smart dust for first time
UC Berkeley researcher blowing a
Sample of glitter into air
Conceived by Dr. Kris
pister at university of
California
in Berkeley,USA in 1988
Set out to build a
device with sensor
communication device
and small computer
integrated into single
package.
Contd…
Prof. David culler and a team of researchers createdthe Tiny OS operating system once installed on amote, this software is responsible for operating thedevice , managing its power consumption andfacilitating communication with other motes.
Smart dust requirements
o Power
o Computation
o Sensor.
sensor is the interface between motes and the environment
can be temperature, pressure, humidity, light, sound, acceleration,position, magnetic fields
o Communication.
A MEMS technology in smart dust Integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators
and electronics on a chip to produce a system of miniature dimension.
Advantage
small structure can be achieved
thousands or even millions of system elements can be fabricated simultaneously
This allows system to be highly complex and extremely low cost
Building block of WSM
Processing unit
Sensing unit.
Transceiver unit.
power unit
Additional application dependent location finding system, power generator and mobilizer.
How smart dust works? Run by micro controller.
Determines the task performed by the mote.
Controls power.
Microcontroller consists of tiny sensors for recording various type of data.
Sensors are run by timers
Timers works for specific period by powering up the sensors to collect data.
Data obtained are stored in its memory for interpretation or send to base controlling station.
• The primary constraints of smart dust is volume, which in turn puts a severe constrain on energy since we do not have much room for batteries or large solar cells.
Communicating with a smart dust potential can only be attained when the sensor nodes
communicate with one another or with central base station.
Bidirectional communication between a central transceiver and up to 1000 dust motes.
The downlink and uplink at several kbps.
TinyOS an open source operating system for wireless embedded sensor network, whose library includes network
Protocol, distributed services, sensor drivers and data acquisition tools, uses power cons. algo
TinyDB - a query processing system extracting information from a network of TinyOS sensors.
Each mote is a mobile node in a mobile adhoc network
Adhoc network means the device set the network themselves and the network structure changes through time.
Network setup arbitirily because motes autonomous
Contd..
Adhoc Network in mote
Network topology for WSM
Fig. communication among
motes
Consists of at least N
slave motes and 1 master
motes
Pc mote collects and
gathers information and
compute the data to obtain
a required sensed signal.
Master mote synchronies
slave mote, gather
information sent by them
and compute on them to
produce particular
Contd.Signal on pc.
Slave mote---obtain particular data and transfer using protocol stack when required by master mote
Applications of smart dust In transport domain
Road sign recognition application
smart dust broadcaster
signals picked up
driver aware of road sign ahead poor visibility and bad weather conditions
Traffic light application
Traffic light color and time remaining on that color
Military application
Monitoring activities in inaccessible areas.
Accompany soldiers.
Enemy movement
Alert to poisonous gas and dangerous substance in air
Fig. Smart dust in
battlefield
Factory Automation and chemical plant
Motes installed at critical points to monitor condition of essential equipment on a continuous basis, provide critical data collection without human intervention.
Computers will turnoff light and climatic control in empty rooms.
Air conditioners that cools servers automatically shut off and turn on again the servers get too hot
In chemical plant
corrosion detecting motes placed in pipes in plant, accidental chemical release can be known
Agricultural sector
Monitor air temperature across a vineyard, protect crops from frost damage.
Plant growth monitored.
Monitor and capture soil pH and salinity levels.
Monitor humidity and temperature to access freshness of food in refrigerator.
Detecting fires in forest
Drop a number of motes in the forest
In case of fire mote notices temperature change in that zone and through adhoc network transmitted to monitoring station of fire.
Proper care can be taken to extinguish fire when its amount is small.
In medicine/biological research
Monitor vital signs of elderly and sick
Placed throughout body monitor health continuously
Monitor tiny muscular movements in patients
Monitor movements and internal process of insects
or small animals
Circulatory Net
microrobotics
Add legs or wings
Sense, think and communicate
Crawling microrobot
Flying microrobot
Other applications include
Habitat monitoring
Environmental protection
identification and monitoring pollution.
• can be use to pinpoint location of nonworking light, out of thousands of street light
• As a virtual keyboard
glue dust mote to each finger tips, accelerometer senses orientation and motion of each finger and talks to computer
Major challenges It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small smart
dust both size and energy wise.
To incorporate all these functions while maintaining a low power consumption.
Maximizing operating life within limited volume of energy storage.
Complicated design and mechanism.
conclusion
There are many ongoing researches on smart dust mainly because of its limitless application, the main purpose of this research is to make smart dust mote as small as possible. it has theoretical application in every field of science and industry. present achievable size of smart dust in 5mm.costs have been dropping rapidly with technological innovations with individual mote at $50 each, with hopes of dropping $1 per mote in near future.
References
"Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer", Computer Magazine, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp 44-51, Jan. 2001
Arief, B., Blythe, P., Fairchild, R., Selvarajah, K., and Tully, A. (2008). “Integrating Smartdust into Intelligent Transportation System”, Presented at 10th Internationa Conference on Application of Advanced Technologies in Transportation (AATT 2008), Athens, Greece, 27-31 May
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