appliation of nano-technology in construction

Seminar Guide Presented By BIJI MOL JOSEPH AMEER MUHAMMED.S VJCET Reg.No:12019307

Application of Nanotechnology in Construction

Contents

What nanotechnology is? Nanomaterial's for Construction Nanotechnology for Construction Barriers Future Projection of Nanotechnology Conclusion References

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Introduction

We are very familiar with the concept of getting raw materials, bringing them together in an organized way and then putting them together into a recognizable form.

This is our role in society and we have performed it well for hundreds or thousands of years. So we can say construction is definitely not a new science or technology and yet it has undergone great changes over its history.

In the same vein, nanotechnology is not a new science and it is not a new technology either. It is rather an extension of the sciences and technologies that have already been in development for many years.

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Nano-science and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that allows us to develop materials with improved or totally new properties.

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What is Nanotechnology ?

physicist Richard Feynman, the father of nanotechnology.

(Source:www.wikipedia.org)

Introduction to Nano-materials

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1• Carbon Nanotubes

2• Titanium Dioxide(TiO2)

3• Zinc Oxide(ZnO)

4• Tungsten Oxide (WO3)

Nanomaterials are an increasingly important product of nanotechnologies. They contain nanoparticles,smaller than 100 nanometres in at least one dimension.

Carbon Nano-tubes

They are the form of carbon that was first discovered in 1952 in Russia and then re-discovered in the 1990’s in Japan.

They are cylindrical in shape with Nano-meter diameter.

Exhibit extraordinary strength. Unique electrical properties. Efficient thermal conductors.

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(Source: Google images)

Titanium Dioxide Nano-Particles(TiO2)

Added to concrete to improve its properties.

Used as an excellent reflective coating or added to paints, cements, windows, tiles for its sterilizing properties.

As TiO2 is exposed to UV light, it becomes increasingly hydrophilic thus it can be used for anti-fogging coatings or self cleaning windows.

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Zinc Oxide Nano-Particles(ZNO)

Exhibits semiconducting and piezoelectric dual properties.

Added into materials like ceramics, glass , cement, rubber , paints , adhesive , fire retardants etc.

Used for concrete manufacturing , ZnO improves the processing time and resistance of concrete against water.

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Tungsten Oxide Nano-Particles(WO3)

In recent years, Tungsten trioxide has been employed in the production of electro-chromic windows or smart windows.

These windows are electrically switchable glass that change light transmission properties with an applied voltage .

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Switchable Glass

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Switch!!

(Source:www.nanotech.net)

Tungsten Oxide windows

Applications of Nano-Technology

Nanotechnology is widely used in construction material as:-

In Concrete In Steel In Wood In Glass In Coating In Fire-Resistance In Structural Monitoring

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(Source:www.nanotech.net)

Nano-Technology in Concrete

Nanotechnology can modify the structure of concrete material and finally improves in properties of materials as:-

Bulk density Mechanical performance Volume stability Durability Sustainability of concrete

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Source:(Google images)

Nano-Technology in Concrete

These addition of nano-particles could compensate for its weakness in tension and result in concrete with greatly improved stress-strain behavior.

The addition of Nano-silica fume can improve durability of concrete structures exposed to de-icing salts. The addition of small amount (1%) of CNT

improves the mechanical property of concrete

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(Source:www.nanoforum.org)

Need of nanotechnology in steel:- Fatigue is a significant issue that can lead

to the structural failure of steel subject to cyclic loading, such as in bridges or towers.

Stress risers are responsible for initiating cracks from which fatigue failure results.

Addition of copper nanoparticles reduces the surface unevenness of steel which then limits the number of stress risers.

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Nano-Technology in Steel

(Source:www.nanoforum.org)

Temperature restriction:-

Above 750 F, steel starts to loose its structural integrity, and at 1000 F, steel loses 50 % of its strength

Infusion of steel with Nano scale copper particles could maintain structural integrity up to 1000 F

New infused steel allows ultra high strength, corrosion resistance and have good surface finish.

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Nano-Technology in Steel

Nanostructure modified steel reinforcement

(Source:www.nanoarchitectureimages.com)

Wood is also composed of nanotubes or “Nano fibrils”; namely, lignocellulose (woody tissue) elements which are twice as strong as steel.

Researchers have developed a highly water repellent coating based on the actions of the lotus leaf as a result of the incorporation of silica and alumina nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers.

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Nano-Technology in Wood

(Source:www.nanoarchitecture.net)

Most of the glass used on the exterior surface of buildings to control light and heat in order to control the building environment and contribute to sustainability.

Fire-protective glass is a application of nanotechnology. This is achieved by using a layer sandwiched between glass panels (an interlayer) formed of fumed silica (SiO2) nanoparticles which turns into a rigid and opaque fire shield when heated.

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Nano-Technology in Glass

(Source:www.nanoarchitecture.net)

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Self Cleaning of Glass

glass

transparent TiO2

Self-cleaning glass Nano-TiO2 coated

conventional glass

self-cleaningglass

Self-cleaning glass coated with titanium dioxide coating breaks down organic matter.

Can block UV & glare .

(Source :www.nanotech.net)

Nano-Technology in Coating

Coating is an area of significant research in nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is being applied to paints and insulating properties, produced by the addition of Nano-sized cells, pores and particles.

The TiO2 will break down and disintegrate organic dirt through powerful catalytic reaction.

This research opens up the intriguing possibility of putting roads to good environmental use.

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Source:(Google images)

Polymer nanocomposites filled with clay, CNTs, etc., possess improved flammability resistance while maintaining or improving mechanical properties.

Reduces heat release rate during fire event by formation of surface which insulates underlying material.

Use of nanoadditive fire retardants prompted by bans on halogenated flame retardants enacted in many states.

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Nano-Technology in Fire-Resistance

Poor Dispersion Good Dispersion

Heat Flux Heat Flux

(Source:www.nanotech.net)

Nano-Technology enables sensors which exhibit ‘self-sensing’ and ‘self-actuating’ capability.

They can monitor and control environment conditions(eg:temperature,moisture, smoke,noise,etc).

They can also monitor the materials/structure performance (eg:stress,strain,vibration,cracking, corrosion,etc).

It can provide an early indication before a failure of the structure.

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Nano-Technology in Structural Monitoring

Nanotech-enhanced 'smart paint' promises to detect structural damage

Source:(Google images)

1. FABRICATION Current efforts in the field of nanotechnology are focussed on the fabrication, characterization and use of these materials on a Nano scale. 2. HEALTH Nanotechnology based construction products might be harmful to health. example, the nanotubes might cause lung problems to the workers.3. ENVIRONMENT The effect of various nanomaterials on the natural environment is hotly debated in nanotechnology and environmental research.Moreover it will create a new category of Nano-waste which has to be  extracted and treated.4. COST The cost of most nanotechnology materials and equipment are relatively high. In comparison to traditional method.

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Barriers

There is substantial money flowing into nano-related research from multinational corporations and venture capital investments.

Many of the worlds largest companies such as IBM,Intel,Hitachi,Lucent etc, have all had significant nano-related projects going on.

By 2016 ,the National science foundation estimates that nano-technology will have a $1 trillion effects on the global economy.

Industries will employ nearly two million workers towards advancement in many Nano materials, Nano structures.

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Future Projection of Nano-Technology

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Building made by using self-cleaning concrete (Church ‘‘Dives in Misericordia”, Rome, Italy)

Real life examples..

(Source:www.Wikipedia.org)

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TiO2 coating on roads for pollution reduction

Building in Ottawa has been built with glass that has a transparent film of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Real life examples..

(Source:www.nanotech.net)

Research in nano-technology that is related to construction is still in its infancy;

However,this paper has demonstrated the main benefits and barriers that allow the effect of nano-technology on construction.

Nano-technology for construction should be pursued to ensure that the potential benefit of the technology can be harnessed to provide longer life and more economical infrastructure.

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Conclusion

B. B. Das and Arkadeep Mitra (2014) “Nanomaterials for Construction Engineering”, International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, Vol. 2, No. 1,pp:41-46

Syed Sabihuddin (March 2014),” Application of Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure” Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.92-95

RADU OLAR (2011) “Nanomaterials And Nanotechnologies for Civil Engineering”

V. Kartik Ganesh “Nanotechnology In Civil Engineering”, European Scientific Journal November edition vol. 8, No.27 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431

B. Bhuvaneshwari, Saptarshi Sasmal, Nagesh R.Iyer” Nanoscience to Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering – Proof of Concepts “, Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine.

Images :-nanotech.net,wikipedia.org,nanoarchitecture.net,vjcet.net,fppt.com.

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References

“CIVIL ENGINEERING IS DEFINITELY THE FUTURE..!”

THANK YOU .