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A summary of how often various scores occur in a sample of scores. Score values are arranged in order of magnitude, and the number of times each score occurs is recorded
A way of graphically representing a frequency distribution; a type of bar chart that uses vertical bars that touch
a way a graphically representing a frequency distribution; frequency is marked above each score category on the graph’s horizontal axis, and the marks are connected by straight lines
An asymmetrical distribution; more scores occur on one side than the other; In a positively skewed distribution, more scores are low
A distribution in which the scores fall equally on both sides of the graph, the normal curve is an example
The sum of a set of scores in a distribution divided by the number of scores; the mean is usually the most representative measure of central tendency
A measure of variability; expressed as the square root of the sum of the squared deviations around the mean divided by the number of scores in the distribution
A symmetrical distribution forming a bell-shaped curve in which the mean, median, and mode are all equal and fall in the exact middle
A measure of the magnitudes and directions of the relationships between two variables. The closer the correlation is to +1 or –1, the stronger the relationship is. A positive correlation coefficient indicates that as one variable increase, the other tends to increase, the negative correlation coefficient indicates as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease
Statistical techniques that allow researchers to determine whether the outcomes in a study are likely to be more than just chance events and whether they can legitimately generalized to a larger population
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