AP US History Chapters 6 & 7. Essential Question #1 How did the events of the French and Indian...

AP US History Chapters 6 & 7

Essential Question #1

How did the events of the French and Indian War foreshadow the Revolutionary War?

Unofficial British policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Began in 1688- Glorious Revolution Ended in 1763- French and Indian War

Why would Salutary Neglect be a cause of the American Revolutionary War?

Native Americans defeated Braddock and took to warpath- from frontier Penn to N. Carolina

Treaty of Paris was harsh for Iroquois, Creeks, and other interior tribes

Indians lost their most powerful diplomatic weapon- playing European powers against each other

Pontiac’s Uprising and the Proclamation of 1763

Colonists had increased confidence in their military strength

Shattered the myth of British invincibility British officials upset by the reluctance of

colonists’ support Those colonists who fought together

discovered that they were all fellow Americans- same language, shared common ideals F & I caused colonists to develop a new vision of

their destiny

Essential Question #2

Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the crown, or were they simply

overreacting?

Two new political ideas that developed among American colonists by the mid 1700s. Republicanism

A society in which all citizens give in to their interests for the common good

Opposed aristocracies and monarchs Radical Whigs

British political commentators, widely read by the colonists

Whigs feared power of the monarch threatened liberties Americans are used to running their own affairs “Distance weakens authority”

Mercantilism Economic wealth could be measured by the

amount of gold and silver the country has To get more gold and silver, must export

more than import Colonies will provide raw materials to Britain

(exports) Britain to American colonies- “do not

indulge in dreams of economic self-sufficiency or self-government”

Navigation Law (1650)- remember?? All commerce to and from the colonies must be on

British ships European goods headed to colonies must pass

through Britain first American merchants must send tobacco exclusively

to Britain And another thing…

British crown reserved the right to nullify (cancel) any laws passed by the colonial assemblies that worked against the mercantilist system

Was the British mercantilist system selfish and oppressive? Most of these new laws were not strictly enforced

John Hancock and smuggling Americans benefitted from mercantile system

Virginia planters had monopoly in the British market Colonists had protection from British navy and army

Problems Annoying liabilities and dependency on British creditors Colonists felt used, economy held back by the British

Britain accumulated debt from F & I War P.M. George Grenville’s plan

Enforce the Navigation Laws Sugar Act of 1764 (increased tax from W. Indies) Quartering Act of 1765 Stamp Tax of 1765 (to support the new military) Admiralty courts

Reactions Jeopardizing basic rights of the colonists Radical whigs were right! “no taxation w/o representation” vs. “virtual representation”

Colonial steps toward unity Stamp Act Congress of 1765 (little impact in America) Nonimportation agreements against British goods Sons/Daughters of Liberty- more violent

Repeal of the Stamp Act All stamp agents had been forced to resign, no one to

sell the stamps Repealed in 1766- pressure from thousands of British

laborers losing jobs Victory! But wait a minute….

Declaratory Act: Britain to America- “We own you.”

Townshend Acts of 1767 Light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, pain,

tea Tax would pay salaries of royal governors and

judges Smuggling became common, British troops enter

Boston (1768) Would be repealed in 1770

Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) 11 citizens wounded or killed, Crispus Attucks Only 2 redcoats found guilty

Samuel Adams Engineer or rebellion Established the Committee of Corr. in Boston (1772)

Comm. Of Corr. Chief function was to spread the spirit of

resistance by exchanging letters, oppose British policies

Every colony had established Comm. Of Corr.

Background British East India Company facing bankruptcy Cheaper tea, but principle more important None of the tea ever reached America shores Mass. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson

Reaction Sympathetic colonists cheered Conservatives complained Hutchinson- gone

Parliament responds to Boston Tea Party

Boston Port Act and “Intolerable Acts” Restrictions on town meetings New Quartering Act

Quebec Act Parliament’s decision on the French Guaranteed Catholic religion, old customs No representative assemblies or trial by jury Extended providence of Quebec into Ohio River

First Continental Congress (1774) Response to the “Intolerable Acts” Address colonial grievances, NOT calling for

independence Declaration of Rights The Association

Complete boycott of British goods Lexington and Concord (April 1775)

British mission- seize colonial gunpowder and find Sam Adams and John Hancock

Strengths Population (3-1) Wealth Naval power Professional army, Hessians, Loyalists, Indians

Weaknesses Ireland and France Lord North was no William Pitt English Whigs cheered American victories Army had many difficulties 3,000 miles away from home America’s geography

Strengths Leadership- Washington and Franklin Foreign Aid Fighting a defensive war Agriculture was self-sustaining Belief in the cause

Weaknesses Badly organized Sectional jealousy Economic difficulties

Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal?A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765B. Petitions to ParliamentC. Nonimportation agreementsD. Violent protestsE. Refusal to pay the tax

Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal?A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765B. Petitions to ParliamentC. Nonimportation agreementsD. Violent protestsE. Refusal to pay the tax

What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?A. Writing broadsidesB. Encouraging women’s participation

in boycotts and rebellionsC. Building momentum for a complete

break with EnglandD. Seeking every colony’s participation

in the first American CongressE. Organizing local letter-writing

campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies

What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?A. Writing broadsidesB. Encouraging women’s participation

in boycotts and rebellionsC. Building momentum for a complete

break with EnglandD. Seeking every colony’s participation

in the first American CongressE. Organizing local letter-writing

campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies

The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally toA. Strategize ways to redress colonial

grievancesB. Declare the colony’s independence

from EnglandC. Outline a new national government

for the future United StatesD. Organize a colonial armyE. Enlist the support of other countries

in their conflict with England

The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally toA. Strategize ways to redress colonial

grievancesB. Declare the colony’s independence

from EnglandC. Outline a new national government

for the future United StatesD. Organize a colonial armyE. Enlist the support of other countries

in their conflict with England

In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists?A. England provided subsidies for surplus cropsB. Mercantilism helped several colonial

merchants become wealthyC. It elevated some colonists to positions of political powerD. It stimulated American wool manufacturingE. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily

In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists?A. England provided subsidies for surplus cropsB. Mercantilism helped several colonial

merchants become wealthyC. It elevated some colonists to positions of political powerD. It stimulated American wool manufacturingE. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily

Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend ActsB. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable ActsC. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental CongressD. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental CongressE. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act

Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend ActsB. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable ActsC. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental CongressD. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental CongressE. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act

Essential Question #2

Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the

crown, or were they simply overreacting?