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A.P. MOLLER-MAERSK GROUP
8th PORT LOGISTICS CONFERENCEBarcelona June 5, 2008The Gigantism of Container Ships
Capt. Laurids UglvigChief Operations OfficerAPM Terminals Algeciras
A..P. MOLLER-MAERSK GROUP
Berthing
Dimensions
Systems
Equipment
Contents
A..P. MOLLER-MAERSK GROUP
Berthing – What changes?
Positives Large operations with high crane intensity
Increasing berth productivity and hence Terminals Berth Capacity
Quick turnaround resulting in better berth utilization
Negatives Large vessel requiring more time to berth /
depart PS type taking 2 hours from pilot to gangway is
set A / G / S taking 1 hour from pilot to gangway is set
Occupying more quay as using minimum 2 sets of bollards for head / stern lines
PS type occupying 500 meter quay (400m vessel + 2*50m)
A / G / S type occupying 410 meter quay (350m vessel + 2*30m)
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Maersk Line PS-class vessel (11.000 TEU) compared to:A /G /S-class, Panamax D-class, WAFmax T-class Average horisontal travel distance from mid quay:
PS: 28m + 3m + 15m = 46m A / G / S: 21.5m + 3m + 15m = 39.5m Panamax: 16.5m + 3m + 15m = 34.5m WAFmax: 13.5m + 3m + 15m = 31.5m
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Maersk Line PS-class vessel (11.000 TEU) compared to:A /G /S-class, Panamax D-class, WAFmax T-class Average vertical travel distance from quay level:
WAFmax: 11.5m + 5.7m = 17.2m Panamax: 17.0m + 5m = 22.0m A / G / S: 19.0m + 8.0m = 27.0m PS: 28.4m + 17.3m = 45.7m
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Maersk Line PS-class vessel (11.000 TEU) compared to:A /G /S-class, Panamax D-class, WAFmax T-class
Modern cranes have following operating speeds: Trolley travel speed: 240 m/min or 4 m/s Hoisting / Lowering: Between 90 m/min & 180 m/min or average 2.5 m/s
Difference in average travelling based previous data & considering WAFmax as standard:
Vessel Type
Horisontal Vertical Total extra
time/move
Total cycle time
Resulting
GMPH
m seconds
m seconds seconds Seconds
PS 46.0 3.625 39.0
8.72 24.69 144.69 24.9
A/G/S 39.5 2 27.0
3.92 11.84 131.84 27.3
Panamax
34.5 0.75 22.0
1.92 5.34 125.34 28.7
WAFmax
31.5 0 17.2
0 0 120 30
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Is this productivity loss a fact?
The answer is no, not as dramatic as it is shown The cranes work for long times in the same position The hatchcover / container ratio dramatically drops More chances to use already stowed containers to steady container
being loaded Vessel doesn’t move, heel or trim easy
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Systems
Vessel configuration in systems Too wide - 22 rows where system only allowed for 20 Too many tiers under deck
Workqueues Very large bays containing several hundred containers causing
system problems if transferred in one queue Very large blocks difficult to compensate if needed
Processing time for EDI files and strain on system Deadlines should be reconsidered in view of the number of
moves the vessel has Bayplans
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Systems - Bayplans become a challenge (A4)
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This is why! (A4)
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Ship to Shore Cranes- Lifting height
Lifting height Crane specific limitations Additional factors to consider when planning Not possible to use safety cages in all positions / with all cranes
Tiers:
Top of cont above base
line: Safety 11,00 m 11,50 m 12,00 m 12,50 m 13,00 m 13,50 m 14,00 m 14,50 m 15,00 m 15,40 m9 59,36 0,6 47,46 m 46,96 m 46,46 m 45,96 m 45,46 m 44,96 m 44,46 m 43,96 m 43,46 m 43,06 m8 56,42 0,6 44,52 m 44,02 m 43,52 m 43,02 m 42,52 m 42,02 m 41,52 m 41,02 m 40,52 m 40,12 m7 53,48 0,6 41,58 m 41,08 m 40,58 m 40,08 m 39,58 m 39,08 m 38,58 m 38,08 m 37,58 m 37,18 m6 50,53 0,6 38,63 m 38,13 m 37,63 m 37,13 m 36,63 m 36,13 m 35,63 m 35,13 m 34,63 m 34,23 m5 47,59 0,6 35,69 m 35,19 m 34,69 m 34,19 m 33,69 m 33,19 m 32,69 m 32,19 m 31,69 m 31,29 m4 44,65 0,6 32,75 m 32,25 m 31,75 m 31,25 m 30,75 m 30,25 m 29,75 m 29,25 m 28,75 m 28,35 m3 41,70 0,6 29,80 m 29,30 m 28,80 m 28,30 m 27,80 m 27,30 m 26,80 m 26,30 m 25,80 m 25,40 m2 38,76 0,6 26,86 m 26,36 m 25,86 m 25,36 m 24,86 m 24,36 m 23,86 m 23,36 m 22,86 m 22,46 m1 35,82 0,6 23,92 m 23,42 m 22,92 m 22,42 m 21,92 m 21,42 m 20,92 m 20,42 m 19,92 m 19,52 m
Tide: -0,1 MLW Needed to handle at draft:
Tiers:
Top of cont above base
line: Safety 11,00 m 11,50 m 12,00 m 12,50 m 13,00 m 13,50 m 14,00 m 14,50 m 15,00 m 15,40 m9 59,36 0,6 45,86 m 45,36 m 44,86 m 44,36 m 43,86 m 43,36 m 42,86 m 42,36 m 41,86 m 41,46 m8 56,42 0,6 42,92 m 42,42 m 41,92 m 41,42 m 40,92 m 40,42 m 39,92 m 39,42 m 38,92 m 38,52 m7 53,48 0,6 39,98 m 39,48 m 38,98 m 38,48 m 37,98 m 37,48 m 36,98 m 36,48 m 35,98 m 35,58 m6 50,53 0,6 37,03 m 36,53 m 36,03 m 35,53 m 35,03 m 34,53 m 34,03 m 33,53 m 33,03 m 32,63 m5 47,59 0,6 34,09 m 33,59 m 33,09 m 32,59 m 32,09 m 31,59 m 31,09 m 30,59 m 30,09 m 29,69 m4 44,65 0,6 31,15 m 30,65 m 30,15 m 29,65 m 29,15 m 28,65 m 28,15 m 27,65 m 27,15 m 26,75 m3 41,70 0,6 28,20 m 27,70 m 27,20 m 26,70 m 26,20 m 25,70 m 25,20 m 24,70 m 24,20 m 23,80 m2 38,76 0,6 25,26 m 24,76 m 24,26 m 23,76 m 23,26 m 22,76 m 22,26 m 21,76 m 21,26 m 20,86 m1 35,82 0,6 22,32 m 21,82 m 21,32 m 20,82 m 20,32 m 19,82 m 19,32 m 18,82 m 18,32 m 17,92 m
Cranes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 can handle.Cranes 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 can handle.Cranes 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 can handle.Cranes 22, 23, 24, 25 (possibly available from ultimo Q4/2008.
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Outreach
Outreach Increased boom lenght Increased cost Increased wheel load
Are 22 rows enough?
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Hinge point of boom
Hinge point Will the raised boom touch the bridgewing? Can the cranes pass the bridge? If the vessel has to heel it takes time – a long time! Do we need a different crane design? The 45 degree booming is not enough
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Thank you for your attention
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