AP Human Geography. What is Religion? Major Religions & Divisions Religious Landscapes Religious...
Preview:
Citation preview
- Slide 1
- AP Human Geography
- Slide 2
- What is Religion? Major Religions & Divisions Religious
Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction
- Slide 3
- A set of beliefs an explanation of the origins and purpose of
humans and their role on earth existence of a higher power, spirits
or god Which involves rituals, festivals, rites of passage and
space (religious landscapes) ***Religion dominates the lives and
behavior of billions of people worldwide. Because religion is tied
to all aspects of human culture, studying religion can help us
understand everything from population growth, international
politics and the design, structure and location of cities. From a
geographical perspective, we are not concerned with the beliefs
themselves or their places of origin. We are more interested in a
religions patterns and processes of diffusion and their influence
on the landscape in a given area.
- Slide 4
- Universalizing Religion: attempts to appeal to all people, not
just those living in a particular location Proselytize: to try to
convert people to ones belief or opinion Missions is not the
ultimate goal of the church. Worship is. Missions exists because
worship doesn't. John Piper Soteriology-is the study of religious
doctrines of salvation, which are a feature of various religions
Syncretic: Traditions that borrow from both the past and the
present
- Slide 5
- Secularization - a process that is leading to increasingly
large groups of people who claim no allegiance to any church or
denomination. Some of these people are atheists. Others simply do
not practice. Still others call themselves spiritual, but not
religious. Common in Europe and the larger cities of the U.S.
Common in former Soviet Union and China. A movement in American
churchesto secularize church. Any thoughts?
- Slide 6
- Key Terms Ethnic Religions: concentrated spatial distribution
whose principles are likely based on physical characteristics of a
particular location. -Tribal/traditional religions: specific
religions distinguished by their small size, close ties to nature
and their unique identity with localized culture. -Animism: belief
than inanimate objects, such as rocks, trees, bodies of water,
mountains all possess spirits and therefore should be revered as
gods.
- Slide 7
- Fundamentalism - a process that is leading to increasingly
large groups of people who claim there is only one way to interpret
worship. Fundamentalists generally envision a return to a more
perfect religion and ethics they imagine existed in the past.
Common in the U.S. and in some Islamic nations.
- Slide 8
- Monotheism: existence of only one God. Polytheism: existence of
many gods. Cosmogony: A set of religious beliefs concerning the
origin of the universe.
- Slide 9
- Branch: A large and fundamental division within a religion.
(Catholicism vs. Protestantism) Denomination: A division within a
branch of a religion. (Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran-Protestant
Denominations) Sect: A relatively small denominational group that
has broken away from an established church. (Warren Jeffs-
FLDS)
- Slide 10
- Universalizing Religions Christianity Islam Buddhism
Characteristics: Traced to actions and teaching of a man, diffused
from specific hearths by followers / missionaries
- Slide 11
- Major World Religions Ethnic Religions Hinduism Judaism all
Animistic Religions Characteristics: No specific founder, limited
diffusion / no missionaries
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- http://www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm
- Slide 14
- Ethnic Religions
- Slide 15
- Animism (Shamanism) - the belief that all objects, animals, and
beings are animated or possess a spirit and a conscious life. Also
called shamanism because of the prominence of a Shaman. Such
beliefs are common among hunter-gatherers and folk cultures. 10% of
Africans follow such traditional ethnic religions. These beliefs
are losing ground to Christianity and Islam throughout Africa.
Nigerian Shaman
- Slide 16
- Hinduism Origin & Diffusion-unknown Hearth: Indus River
Valley in present-day Pakistan 2200- 4000 BCE (oldest major
religion) Collection of scriptures 1500BCE 500BC Vedas, Upanishads,
Sutras, Bhagavad Gita Over 800 million followers Almost exclusive
to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka Sacred Spaces Ganges River
- Slide 17
- Hinduism Monistic: One god, many forms Brahman: Vishnu
(preserver), Shiva (destroyer), Shakti (mother god) Main Beliefs
1.Karma- deeds have corresponding effects on the future 2.dharma -
fulfill moral, social and religious duties 3.artha - attain
financial and worldy success 4.kama - satisfy desires and drives in
moderation 5.Reincarnation-a soul moves upward or downward based on
an individuals behavior 6.moksha - attain freedom from
reincarnation 7.The Caste System-untouchables (lowest) to Brahman
(highest) *shrines/temples are built; bestows merit on the builder;
cultural landscape inundated with shrines and temples
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Judaism Origin and Diffusion 2000 BCE Abraham formed covenant
with God as patriarch of Israelites (second oldest religion) Moses
led people out of Egypt Diaspora: In 70 A.D., Romans forced Jews to
disperse throughout the world. Ghetto: During the Middle Ages, a
neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews.
Zionist: goal of all Jews to return to a homeland
(Israel-1948)
- Slide 20
- Judaism Sacred Places Synagogues (all have ark containing five
books of Moses-Torah) Jerusalem Western Wall-edge of the temple
mount Divisions Sephardim Ashkenazim 80% (Yiddish) Current
Diffusion 13-14 million worldwide Israel, United States, Canada,
South Africa, Australia
- Slide 21
- Judaism Basic Precepts Belief in One God (foundation of both
Christianity and Islam) Torah - original 5 chapters of Christian
Bible (Old Testament) Coming of the Messiah still to come Atonement
accomplished by sacrifices, penitence & good deeds Differing
opinions on afterlife
- Slide 22
- Ethnic Asian Religions Taoism The Path or Way Founder: Lao Tze
500 BCE 20 million followers, mainly in China Sacred Text: Tao Te
Ching philosophy of harmony & balance: Tao Afterlife: change
from being to non-being
- Slide 23
- Ethnic Asian Religions Confucianism 6-5 th century BCE moral
code taught by Confucius Humanity and striving for perfection 5-6
million adherents, most refer to themselves as having more than one
faith Most influential in China
- Slide 24
- Ethnic Asian Religions Shintoism Japanese traditional religion
No founder or origin known 3-4 million followers Beliefs Worship
and offerings to kami at shrines and at home Simple and harmonious
life with nature and people Many practices tied with Buddhism
- Slide 25
- Ethnic Asian Religions Jainism 550 BCE Founder: Mahavira Indian
traditional religion 4 million followers Basic Principles:
Reincarnation to attain perfection and liberation
Non-violence-cause no harm to any being
- Slide 26
- Universalizing Religions -Christianity -Islam -Buddhism
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Origin and Diffusion Palestine (modern Israel) Universalizing
Religion What are the 3 branches? Branches Roman Catholic
Protestant Eastern Orthodox http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/livin
g/2011/07/29/language.of.christianity.cn n
- Slide 30
- Origin and Diffusion Messiah: Jesus Universalizing Religion
Spread by missionaries (Paul, Peter)
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Basic Precepts Belief in One God Father, Son & Holy Spirit
Covenant (contract) with God New Testament - salvation to those who
believe in Jesus Christ and his teachings Salvation is by grace or
belief not works Believers to heaven with everlasting life
Conversion of others (proselytize)
- Slide 33
- Basic Precepts Founded in 30 CE (Jesus baptized by John the
Baptist), Palestine Bible-Old and New Testament 2 billion followers
largest faith Europe North and South America *Christians utilize
more land for their dead than any other religion with the
widespread use of ceremonies (funerals)
- Slide 34
- Catholicism - largest branch Headed by the Pope Ceremonial - 7
sacraments ex: baptism, marriage, Eucharist Eastern Orthodoxy -
11th Century split-Great Schism Rivalry between Pope and Patriarch
of Constantinople (Istanbul) Russian, Greek, Serbian Orthodox, etc.
Protestantism - (1517) Reformation era (Luther-Germany, 95 Thesis/
Calvin, France-sovereignty of God) No Pope needed individual has
direct link to God Grace through faith rather than sacraments
Christianity
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Origin and Diffusion Mecca, Saudi Arabia 633 CE
Founder-Muhammad 1.3 Billion followers Branches Sunni
(majority)-Middle East and North Africa (believe in the
effectiveness of family and community in solving lifes problems)
Shiite (13%)-Iran, Iraq, Bahrain (imams, Muslim leaders, are the
only sinless sources of true knowledge)
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Basic Precepts Submission to the will of God (Allah) Lineage -
Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed (different
lineage) Holy Book - Quran - built on Old Testament Worship done in
mosques (most imposing and carefully maintained buildings).
Exemplifies how religion and culture are one.
- Slide 41
- 5 Pillars of Faith Shahada: Creed There is no God but Allah
Salat: Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca Zakat: Giving to the poor
Sawm: Fasting during month of Ramadan Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca
Islam
- Slide 42
- Origin and Diffusion Founder: Siddhartha Gautama 520 BCE
Hearth: present day Nepal 360 million followers Branches
Theravada-(Orthodox) Burma, Sri Lanka, Laos Mahayana-(all living
creatures could become a Buddha) China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan (Zen)
Vajrayana/Tantra (Tibetan-Lamaism)
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- His Holiness the 14th Dali Lama
- Slide 46
- Basic Precepts Buddha - the enlightened one Nirvana - highest
degree of consciousness 4 noble truths 1.All of life is marked by
suffering. 2.Suffering is caused by desire and attachment.
3.Suffering can be eliminated. 4.Suffering is eliminated by
following the Noble Eightfold Path.
- Slide 47
- Basic Precepts 8 Fold Path 1. Right beliefs 2. Right
aspirations 3. Right speech 4. Right conduct 5. Right livelihood 6.
Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right meditational
attainment
- Slide 48
- Buddhism Basic Precepts Individuals choose the Middle Path
Buddhists believe: not in any God, blind faith, or savior what is
created is impermanent True Permanent Absolute Reality uncreated,
unborn, permanent bliss of Nirvana
- Slide 49
- Religion, to many, especially Christianity, is mans attempt to
be close to God, relate to God, understand God, but on mans own
terms. Religion is mans creation.