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AP Euro Exam Review
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AP Euro Fall Exam Hundred’s Year War
o Edward III (English) wanted the French throne after Charles IV died but Philip VI was place on the throne instead
Fought over Flanders France has money and unity problems Battle of Agincourt
Major English victory, turning point of war Battle of Orleans
Joan of Arc led the French to success Treaty of Troyes
1420 disinherited the legitimate heir to the French throne proclaimed the Henry VI successor to the French throne transitioned France from feudal monarchy to
centralized state Petrarch
o Father of humanism Michelangelo
o Sistine Chapel Machiavelli
o Wrote “the Prince” Satire that criticized how rulers behave Excuse to questionable actions
Diet of Wormso meeting—which was overseen by Charles V—where Luther was
ordered to recant o Luther refused to recant and was placed under an imperial ban, which
made him an outlaw to both religious and secular authorities Marburg Colloquy
o Tried to unite Swiss and German protestantso Called by Philip of Hesseo Zwingli (Swiss) and Luther (German) fought over the idea of
transubstantiation Zwingli believed God WAS NOT present Luther believed God WAS present
Anabaptistso Against the idea of infant baptism o Protestant
John Calvino Found Calvinism- flourished in Geneva o Predestination o Wrote “Institutes on the Christian Religion”
Diet of Augsburg
o Meeting of protestant and catholic representatives assembled to compose a settlement of the religious divisions
o Ended with an order of all Lutherans to go back to Catholicism Peace of Augsburg
o Made the division of Christiandom permanento Ruler of the land will choose the religion of the land o religious freedom did not extend to Calvinists and Anabaptists
Jesuitso Society of Jesus, followers of Loyolao Worked primarily through education and argument o helped counter the Reformation and win many Protestants back to the
Catholic persuasion Council of Trent
o Charles V advised Pope Paul III to call a general council of the church to reassert church doctrine
o Major reforms concerned internal church disciplineo Strengthened the authority of local bishops so they can effectively
discipline popular religious practice o ended the sale of church offices
Cervanteso Wrote “Don Quixote”
Satire Elizabeth I
o Politiqueo Protestant o Elizabethan Settlement
Reaction to the religious problems caused by “Bloody Mary” Required everyone to conform to the Church of England, those
who didn’t were fined Huguenots
o French Protestantso Edict of Nantes
Done by Henry IV Gave Huguenots freedom of public worship, the right of
assembly, admission to public offices and universities, and permission to maintain fortified towns.
Guiseso Dominant family in Eastern France
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacreo Catherine began to plot with the Guise family because she feared the
threat that the growing power of Protestants posed to the crowno Coligny and 3,000 fellow Huguenots were butchered in Paris
Henry of Navarreo Succeeded the French throne as Henry IV
o Huguenoto politiqueo “Paris is worth the mass”o Converted to Catholicism because he knew he would never be
accepted by Catholic France as a Protestant o Brought French Religious wars to a closeo Made France a catholic country that tolerated Huguenots o Edict of Nantes (see above)
French Wars of Religiono Protestants/Huguenots wanted political power in France but the
government, led by the Guises, refusedo Many people joined Calvinism to oppose the Guises o Massacres of Huguenots o Government realized the massacres would not bring about religious
peaceo Henry of Navarre decided to convert to Catholicism to appeal to his
people Mary I
o Aka Bloody Maryo THIS IS AN ANSWER, CIRCLE ITo Killed protestants
Spanish Armadao the Armada set sail for England with 130 ships and 25,000 troops
however they lost in a devastating fashion. Thirty Years War
o took place in the Holy Roman Empire—was the last and most destructive of the wars of religion.
o between Catholics, Protestants, Calvinists, and Lutherans set the stage for a long struggle.
o Ended with Treaty of Westphalia Restored balance of power Crushed the HRE and killed 1/3 of population Kept Germany fragmented
Glorious Revolutiono William and Mary replaced James IIo William and Mary agreed to recognize the Bill of Rights that limited
the powers of the monarchy and guaranteed the civil liberties of the English privileged classes.
Cromwello Led the New Model/Parliamentary Modelo His men were known as “Godly Men”o Known as Lord Protector
Charles IIo Promised to convert to Catholicism but didn’t
o BFFs with Louis XIVo Restored England to the normalcy with a hereditary monarch
Maupeau o Financial minister to XV
His goal was to break the power of the parlements and tax the nobility.
Maupeou disbanded the parlements and exiled the members to remote parts of the country.
Louis XV unexpectedly died from smallpox in 1774 and his successor, Louis XVI, reestablished the parlements and fired Maupeou in order to gain popular support from the people of France.
Necker served for both Louis XV and XVI Ad Sacrem Sadem
o Papal bull that banned Jansenism Seven Years War
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0 Louis XIV
o “I am the state”o Sun kingo Versailles
Beccariao “on crimes and punishments”o LAWS, IMPRISONMENT
Deismo God who created nature must be naturalo Rationalo Hoped Deism would end rivalry between Christian sects
De Gougeso “Declaration of the Rights of Women”
dedicated to Marie Antoinette Frederick I
o Doubled size of Prussian Armyo Least Prussian o Got the title “King of Prussia” when he gave up his army to the HRE
Frederick the Greato Started the Seven Years War by invading Saxony o Started war of Austrian Succession by invading Silesiao recruited his generals almost exclusively from the Junker nobles.
Peter the Greato Eliminated serfdomo Tried to westernize Russia- cut off beardso Made Russia a strong militaristic state
Pragmatic Sanction
o Charles the VI’s will that his daughter would takeover the Prussian throne after his death
Gave Maria Theresa legal rights to the Prussian throne
War of Austrian Successiono Cause by Frederick II’s invasion of Silesiao Shattered the Pragmatic Sanctiono Treaty of Utrecht was disrupted
Asientoo Contract that gave British slaves to the Spanish
War of Jenkins Earo Set up long rivalry between Spanish and British
Similarity between Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau o SOCIAL CONTRACT
Assignatso Led to inflation o Government bonds paid off by selling of church lands
“NOBLES” IS AN ANSWER, CIRCLE IT CHILDREN Descartes
o Wrote “Discourse of Method”o Rejected Scholastic philosophy and education
Lockeo Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Tabula Rasa Voltaire
o Candide
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