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Antecedents of energy behavior
Overview
• Method• Reliability scales• Values• Goal frames• Social representations• Institutional factors• Urban/ rural
Method
• Response rate
• Response rate in urban area bit higher• Same introduction for experimental and control
group (HU: student helped)• Time range: February - May
HU CZ DE NL SCO
% 58 10 +/- 12 55 7
Reliability scales (NL)
Values:• Altruistic (0,766)• Egoistic (0,718) • Biospheric (0,867) • Hedonic (0,832)
Reliability scales
Social representations:• Perception of causes (0,831)• Social efficacy (0,550)• Outcome efficacy (0,749)• Perception of climate change (0,775).
Low reliability
• Social efficacy: NL α = 0,550; CZ α = 0,004; HU α = 0,297; DE α = 0,414; SCO α = 0,442
• 2 items:– Climate change will be effectively tackled if Europe
reduces CO2 emissions drastically– Climate change is an unstoppable process; humans
cannot do anything about it
• Hungary: outcome efficacy α = 0,298
Values
• General antecedents of behavior: guiding principles in your life– Altruistic– Egoistic– Biospheric– Hedonic
Values
• People with strong altruistic and biospheric values:– Eat less meat– Shower less– No significant effect for driving style (p = 0,09)
Social representations
• More specific; focus on climate change
– Perception of climate change– Perception of causes– Outcome efficacy– Social efficacy– Consequences of climate change
Values – social representations
Social representations
Altruistic values
Egoistic values
Biospheric values
+
-
+
Social representations - behavior
Perception of climate change weak but
negative relationship with:–Meat consumption–Showering
Only in the Netherlands and Germany no
relations in Czech Republic and Hungary
(Scotland?)
Goal frames
• Goals influence what people attend to; which knowledge and attitudes become accessible
• 3 goals:– Hedonic– Gain– Normative
• Goal strength depends on the situation and on the behavior
Goal frames - behavior
The Netherlands:
21% of the variance explained
Meat consumption
Normative goal
(greenhouse gas emissions)
Hedonic goal
(taste)
β = -0,17
β = 0,29
Health β = -0,15
Goal frames - behavior
Czech Republic:
Meat consumption
Normative goal
(greenhouse gas emissions)
Hedonic goal
(taste)
β = 0,14
β = 0,33
14% of the variance explained
Goal frames - behavior
Germany:
Showering
Normative goal
(greenhouse gas emissions)
Hedonic goal
(enjoyable)
β = -0,09
β = 0,11
3% of the variance explained
Goal frames - behavior
The Netherlands:
Showering
Normative goal
(greenhouse gas emissions)
Hedonic goal
(enjoyable)
β = -0,12
β = 0,17
11% of the variance explained
Personal careβ = 0,16
Institutional factors
• Effort of institutions
• Importance of actors
• Policy preferences
Institutional factors - behavior
• People who find environmental NGOs important for energy consumption eat less meat and shower less(in Germany, Hungary and the Netherlands, not in Czech Republic)
• Positive relationship between altruistic/ biospheric values and preference for a carbon label
Institutional factors
Effort:
Altruistic and biospheric values environmental NGOs ( r = 0,14)
Egoistic and hedonic values energy producers ( r = 0,15)
Institutional factors
• Preference for strategies is in line with cultural theory/ myths of nature (Schwartz & Thompson, 1990)
– Individualistic people think environmental problems should be solved via the free market
– Egalitarian people believe problems can be controlled by radical behavioral changes
Urban / rural
• People in rural areas use less energy
Urban / rural
• Czech Republic: drive more frugal than urban dwellers
• Hungary: – eat less meat when they grew up in a rural
area. – shower less in rural area
• The Netherlands: shower less
• Germany: eat more meat
Data analyses and publications
• Relationship between values, goal frames and behavior
Leading party: University of Groningen• How do lifestyles influence social
representations, beliefs and behavior?
Leading party: PIK• Social representations
Leading party: MLURI, PIK, Czech Republic,
Hungary
Data analyses and publications
• Institutional factors and behavior
Leading party: Hungary• Urban/ rural and behavior
Leading party: Czech team
Leading party Other parties
Values, goal frames
RuG
Lifestyles, soc repr, beliefs
PIK
Social representations
MLURI, PIK, Czech team, Hungary ?
Institutional factors
IPS-HAS
Urban/ rural Czech team
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