Annotated Bib Final

AnnotatedBibliography

SecondarySources

Abrams,Irwin."TheNobelPeacePrizeandJimmyCarter."TheAntiochReview62.2(2004):

355.JSTOR.Web.12Oct.2014.

Thisscholarlyjournalarticleassessesthepurposeofthe2002CarterNobelPeacePrize

aswellasputsintoperspectivetheawarditself.Theauthor,IrwinAbramswasa

distinguishedhistoryprofessoratAntiochCollegethatthoroughlyexploredthefieldof

peaceresearchandspecificallytheNobelPeacePrize.Hebasesthearticleonresearch

pertainingtothenominationanddecisionofcandidatesbytheNorwegianCommittee.

ThefocusisonwhyCarterdidnotreceivetheawardin1978followingwhatsomemight

callhismostmemorablestanceforworldpeaceinmediatingattheCampDavidSummit

leadingtothepeacetreatybetweenEgyptandIsrael.Findingthatitwasimpossibleto

awardCarterthen,Abramsstatesthatthisinnowaymeanshewasntdeservingandwas

thereforenominatedconsecutivelyafter1978untilbeingawardedtheprizein2002.

ThoughsubjectiveandbiasedinpraisingCarterandthecontentofhischaracter,the

articlegivesvalidinsightintohishumanitarianismandworktowardpeaceleadingtothe

awardingoftheNobelPeacePrize.

Ash,TimothyGarton."Egypt'sHoldontheU.S."LosAngelesTimes.LosAngelesTimes,08

Mar.2012.Web.30Oct.2014.

ThisarticleanalyzestherelationshipEgyptbetweenandtheUnitedStatesfollowingthe

1978CampDavidSummit.Theauthor,TimothyGartonAsh,isaprofessorofEuropean

StudiesattheUniversityofOxford,IsaiahBerlinProfessorialFellowatStAnthonys

College,Oxford,aSeniorFellowattheHooverInstitutionofStanfordUniversity,aswell

asaworldrenownedauthor.HebasesthisarticleontravelstoEgyptaswellasan

analysisofUnitedStatesEgyptdiplomacyfollowingthesummit.Throughout,many

observationsaremadesuchasthatoftheUnitedStatesuseofEgyptasatoolin

protectingIsraelandpreservingtheUnitedStatesrelationshiptherewith.Inaddition,he

goesontoobservethemanybenefitsfortheUnitedStatesinparticularoftherelationship

betweenitandEgyptthathasdevelopedsince.GartonAshconcludesthattheCamp

DavidSummitindirectlyandunintentionallybegananalmostparasiticrelationship

betweenthetwonations.Thisarticleisverybiasedandsubjectiveinthatitcontains

much,thoughjustifiablebyfact,opinion.

Avineri,Shlomo."BeyondCampDavid."ForeignPolicyNo.46(1982):1936.JSTOR.

Web.30Oct.2014.

ThisscholarlyjournalwaswrittenbyShlomoAvineri,inordertoinformthereaders

abouttheeventsatCampDavidandwhathappenedasaresult.Thisisareliablesource

becausetheauthorisanIsraelipoliticalscientist,andaprofessor.NotonlydidtheCamp

DavidAccordshelpresolvetheterritorialissuesbetweenIsraelandEgypt,butresultedin

theArabstateofEgyptacknowledgingIsrael'slegitimacy.Thishelpsusunderstandthat

manythingshappenedasaresultofCampDavid,benefittingthetwonations.

Ayoob,Mohammed."LookingbeyondCampDavid:USPolicytowardstheMiddleEast."

AustralianOutlook36.1(1982):816.Web.

ThisjournaliswrittenbyMohammedAyoobtoinformleadersabouttheCampDavid

legacy.HeisadistinguishedprofessorofInternationalRelationsandinthedepartmentof

PoliticalScience,thereforethisisareliablesource.ThisarticlefocusesonAmerica,and

itsoutlookonTheMiddleEast.AsaresultofCampDavid,theSaudiAmericanalliance

wasformed,andSaudiArabiawasdependingonprotectionandregime.Weareableto

concludefromthisthatlookingpastCampDavid,manythingshavehappenedsince.

Brinkley,Douglas."JimmyCarter'sModestQuestforGlobalPeace."ForeignAffairs74.6

(1995):90100.JSTOR.Web.16Oct.2014.

ThisscholarlyjournalarticleassesthecharacterofformerpresidentJimmyCarter

throughanalyzinghisaccomplishmentsasamediatorforpeace.Theauthor,Douglas

BrinkleyisprofessorofhistoryatRiceUniversityaswellasafellowattheJamesBaker

InstituteforPublicPolicy.Hebasesthisarticleonresearchpertainingtoforeignpolicy

andCartersownCarterCenter,drawinguponinformationrelatingtohisachievements

indiplomaticaidandnegotiationthroughtheCarterCenter,onbehalfoftheUnited

States,andotherwise.ItfocusesonthecontroversybehindCartersskillasanobjective

negotiatorasexercisedworldwidemodeledaftertheCampDavidaccords.Brinkley

concludesthat,despitethecontroversybehindhischaracterormotivation,Carters

accomplishmentsaswellasthoseofhiscenterhaveundeniablymadegreatheadwayin

achievingpeaceworldwide,especiallyinthethirdworld.Throughout,Brinkleyisableto

maintainanobjectivestance,presentingvariedbiasandimpartialinformationand

allowingforthereadertoformawellinformedopinion.

"TheCampDavidAccords."LosAngelesTimes.LosAngelesTimes,02Feb.1989.Web.10

Oct.2014.

RecallingtheeventstakenplaceinSeptemberof1978,thisLosAngelesTimesarticle

providesdetailedinformationregardingtheresultsofthefirstCampDavidSummit,the

goalofwhichwastosetaframeworkfortheIsraeliEgyptianpeacetreatyof1979.It

describesthethreemainpointsagreeduponduringthesummit,thesepointsbeing,astate

ofpeaceanddiplomacybetweenEgyptandIsrael,apromiseofthewithdrawalofIsraeli

forcesfromEgyptianterritory,aswellasapledgetoopentalks.Thoughconcise,it

offers,objectively,theessentialbasicinformationneededtounderstandthepurposeof

thissummit.

CIASpillsCampDavidSecretson1978EgyptianIsraeliAgreement.TheGuardian.N.d.

Web.09Oct2014.

ThisNewspaperarticlegivesusaninsighttonewlyfoundinformationwhichtheCIAhas

recentlyallowedaccessto.ItprovidesfirsthandaccountsfromCarter'snationalsecurity

adviseraswellastheinformationandopinionsgatheredfromtheCIAbutofcoursethere

arethingsthattheyrefusedtomention.TheauthorsexplainhowJimmyCarterinfluenced

thepeaceprocessgreatly.AlthoughnowbecauseofactionstakenbypresidentObama

ourtieswithEgypthaveweakened.ThisarticlemayhelpusonourresearchonJimmy

CartersinfluenceontheArabIsraelipeaceprocessbecauseitexplainshowCarterwas

abletopavethewayofthose13daysincampdavidandbroughtontheseAccordswhich

weregreatlybenefitingtobothEgyptandIsraelandhecontinuestopromotepeaceinthis

partoftheworld.

Eban,Abba."CampDavid:TheUnfinishedBusiness."ForeignAffairs57.2(1978):34354.

JSTOR.Web.29Oct.2014.

Thisscholarlyjournalarticlereviewsthesubsequenteffectsofthe1978CampDavid

SummitandtheresultingEgyptIsraelpeacetreatyintheMiddleEast.Theauthor,Abba

EbanwasanIsraelidiplomatandpolitician,previouslyservingasForeignAffairs

Minister,DeputyPrimeMinister,andIsraeliambassadortotheUnitedNations.Thebasis

isonthehistoriesofArabs,Israelis,andtheUnitedNations,intheregionaswellastheir

perspectivesandthechangethereoffollowingthemonumentaltreaty.Ebanfocusses

specifically,onthenewfoundArabacknowledgementofthestateofIsraelaswellasthe

newfoundIsraeliacceptanceofpeacearealandfeasible,multilateraldiplomatic

possibility.Inaddition,heassessesthepossibilityofthistreatyinspiringotherArab

nationsandpeoplessuchasthePalestinians,specificallythePalestineLiberation

Organizationandthemanypossiblenegativeconsequencesofthisradicalthought.Thus,

heprovidesreasonforskepticismandobjectionofthispeacesimilartothatseen

followingthe1973GenevaPeaceConvention.Heconcludes,statinganidealofpeace

andcommunityintheMiddleEast,despiteskepticism,thatfollowingCampDavid

appearsplausible.Thisarticlethoughforthemostpartobjective,isverybiasedin

supportofIsrael.

"EgyptDeclaresCampDavidAccordswithIsrael'notaSacredThing'"TheTelegraph.

TelegraphMediaGroup,15Sept.2011.Web.24Oct.2014

ThisarticleassessesthestateofpeacebetweenIsraelandEgyptfollowingtheCamp

Davidaccordsandtheresultingpeacetreaty.Theauthor,AdrianBloomfield,isan

accomplishedjournalistcoveringtheMiddleEastandwritingfortheDailyTelegraphs

Jerusalembureau.HebasesthisarticleonanalysesofrecenteventsinIsraelandEgypt

sparkingdebate,protest,andmassivecontroversyrelatingtothe35yearoldtreaty

betweenthetwocountries.Thefocusisonrisingtensionsbetweenthesecountriesand

prospectivespeedyresolution,upholdingthehistoricaccords.Bloomfieldpresentsboth

perspectives,theEgyptianonecallingforrevisionsoftheresultingtreatysothatitmight

beequallybeneficialtobothpartiesaswellastheIsraelionecallingforrespectofthe

historictreatyandaccords,especiallyinitstimeofconflict.Hedoessowithlittlerelative

biasandfromanobjectivepointofview.

EgyptSpotlight.Digitalimage.EAWorldView,n.d.Web.

ThismapshowsthepoliticalbordersofIsrael,Egypt,TheWestBank,andtheGazaStrip

andSinai.Itdemonstratestheareasofconflictandsettlementissues,aidinginour

backgroundresearchofthesummit.

EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadatandIsraeliPrimeMinisterMenachemBeginAcknowledge

ApplauseduringaJointSessionofCongressinWhichPresidentJimmyCarter

AnnouncedtheResultsoftheCampDavidAccords.Digitalimage.LibraryofCongress.

N.p.,n.d.Web.

PortrayingtherelationshipbetweenBeginandSadataswellasthestateofpeacebetween

theirnationsfollowingtheCampDavidsummit,thisphotographshowsthefaceoftwo

nationsnewlyalliedthroughtheworkofPresidentCarter.Itplantsaseedofhopeforthe

MiddleEastandgivespraisetoCartersefforts,allowingustoseethelonglastingresults

ofCampDavid.

Election1976JimmyCarter.Digitalimage.EagletonInstituteofPolitics.EagletonInstituteof

Politics,n.d.Web.

ThisphotoofCartershowshimaddressingthepeopleoftheUnitedStates,askingthem

tovoteforhim.Itdepictshimasaleader,helpingusinconnectingourprojecttothe

themevisually.

Fernandez,ErwinS."THEUNITEDSTATESANDTHEARABISRAELICONFLICT

(UN)FORGINGFUTUREPEACE."InternationalSocialScienceReview80.1/2(2005):

4150.JSTOR.Web.30Oct.2014.

ThisscholarlyjournalwaswrittenbyErwinS.Fernandeztoinformreadersaboutthe

legacyofCampDavid.ThisisareliablesourcebecauseErwinisahistoriananda

researcher.AmericahassupportedIsrael,andbecametheirallyinMiddleEast.This

angeredtheArabs,andmadethisahugeconflict.ByagreeingtosidewithIsrael,

Americafailedtoforgealastingpeace.Peacetalksarenowstillbeingmade,which

supportsthefactthatafterCampDavid,theattemptsatpeacearestillbeingcontinued.

Friedman,ThomasL.FromBeiruttoJerusalem.NewYork:Doubleday,1990.7+.Print.

ThissectionofFromBeiruttoJerusalemdiscussesPresidentJimmyCarter'sactiverole

intheMiddleEast,duringandindependentofhispresidentialterm.Theauthor,Thomas

L.Friedmanisawellknownjournalist,columnist,andauthor,currentlywritingforThe

NewYorkTimesandfocusingspecificallyonforeignaffairs,globalization,andthe

MiddleEast.HeisagraduateoftheUniversityofOxfordanda3timerecipientofthe

PulitzerPrize.HebasesthissectionofthebookspecificallyonCarter'seffortsin

brokeringpeaceintheMiddleEast,specificallythrougheventsliketheCampDavid

Summit.HebrieflyanalyzestheeffecttheseeffortshaveonAmericanMiddleEastern

ties.Furthermore,throughoutFriedmanobservesthenecessityofimmenseinitiativeand

understandingofflexibilityinbrokeringasuccessfulsettlementoragreementbetween

ArabnationsandArabandIsraelis.Moreover,heconcludesthatCarter'sapproachto

theseissuesisextremelyeffective,crisp,andfair,warrantingAmericansupportinthe

region.Thissourceisbiasedandsubjective,thoughhighlyinformative,inthatFriedman

offershisopinionsonthesubjectof,morespecifically,methodsofbrokeringpeaceinthe

MiddleEastandtheireffectiveness.

Glad,Betty."AmericanExperience:TV'sMostwatchedHistorySeries."PBS.PBS,n.d.Web.

02Mar.2015.

ThisarticleaddressesPresidentJimmyCartersgreatestsuccessesincludingtheCamp

Davidnegotiations.ThearticleprovidesuswithinformationregardingtheSummit,

before,during,andafterpeacewasachieved.Ithelpedusinourresearchbecauseit

provideduswiththegreatobstaclesCarterhadtofaceandhowheusedhisleadership

skillstoovercomethem.Italsoservedasabasisforourproject,demonstrating

everythingwewantedtointhedocumentary.

Glad,Betty."TheRealJimmyCarter."TheRealJimmyCarterAmericas39thPresidentWas

NottheWeakandIneffectiveLeaderofPopularCaricature.ButBarackObamaCould

StillLearnfromHisFailings.N.p.,21Jan.2010.Web.29Oct.2014.

TheRealJimmyCarterisanarticlepublishedintheForeignPolicypoliticalmagazine,

amagazineofglobalpolitics,economicsandideas.Thearticleexpressesthemultiple

foreignpoliciesestablishedbyCarterduringandafterhispresidency.Itismadeclearthat

theactionsCarterhastakentowardspeacehaveaffectedmanypeopleandcontinueto

affectthemincountlessways.Thearticleadditionallydiscussestherelationshipbetween

howCarterdealtwithmanyissuestohowObamawould,andhasdealtwiththem.There

isaclearbiasinthistextinfavorofJimmyCarter'sefforts.TheauthordefendsCarter

manytimesthroughoutthearticle.

"GroupDevelopmentAtCampDavidSummit,1978."GroupDevelopmentAtCampDavid

Summit,1978.SageJournals,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.

ThissourcewasresearchconductedontheCampDavidsummit.Cartersnegotiatory

roleisshownthroughthisstudy.Withthiswewereabletofurtherexplainwhatmade

Cartersmethodssoeffective.fromtheconclusionsdrawnhereCarterswrongdoings

werealsoexpressedandwiththisweweremoreabletobuildastrongantithesis

Hochman,Steven."JimmyCarterBiography."JimmyCarterBiography.CarterCenter,n.d.

Web.19Feb.2015.

ThiswebsiteprovidedmygroupmembersandIwithbackgroundinformationon

PresidentJimmyCarter.Learningabouthimhelpedusprovehisleadershipskillsby

learningaboutthetypeofpersonheis.Forexample,itdemonstratesCarters

determinationandweconcludedthatthisdeterminationwasagreatfactorinhissuccess.

Hyde,HenryJ."MoreThanEver,Carter'sCampDavidTenacityImpresses."LosAngelesTimes.

LosAngelesTimes,10Feb.1989.Web.09Nov.2014.

ThisarticleacknowledgesthesignificanceoftheCampDavidaccordsandspecifically

CartersroleinsecuringtheminatimeofMiddleEasttransition.Theauthor,HenryJ.

Hyde,wasaUnitedStatespolitician,memberoftheHouseofRepresentativesservingon

theHouseForeignAffairsCommittee,andrecipientofthePresidentialMedalfor

Freedom.HefocussesontherevolutionarynatureofthenegotiationsatCampDavid,

greatlydeservingpraise.Throughouthepresentsvariedbiasesonthesubjectofthe1978

summitincludingthemanycriticismsaswellastheaccomplishments.Heconcludesthat

theaccomplishmentswereinfactsogreatandwerewithoutadoubtCarters.

Furthermore,hestatestwolessonstobelearnedfollowingtheagreements,one,achange

inpoliticsoftheMiddleEast,andtwo,thenecessityofAmericaninterventionand

leadershipinmediation.ThisarticleissubjectiveandbiasedinthatitpraisesCarterand

aboveall,theagreementsatCampDavid.

ImageofZbigniewBrzezinski.Digitalimage.SchoolofAdvancedInternationalStudiesJohns

HopkinsUniversity.JohnsHopkinsUniversity,n.d.Web.6Apr.2015.

ThisphotodepictstheNationalSecurityAdvisorunderPresidentJimmyCarter,

ZbigniewBrzezinski.ThisphotoisfromJohnHopkinsuniversitywherehenowworks.

Wewerefortunateenoughtogetaninterviewwithsuchabusymanandweusedthis

photoinourdocumentarytoshowhisimportance.

"JimmyCarterWorksTheWorld."JSTOR.N.p.,1990.Web.30Oct.2014.

ThejournalentrydiscussesthemanywaysofwhichformerPresidentJimmyCarterhas

positivelyimpactedtheworld.Hehasadvocatedforpeacewhileinofficeandlongafter.

Infactheisstilldoingsotoday,at90yearsold.Cartercontinuestohavepeacetalks

betweenforeigncountries.HismostknownandaffectivepeacetalkwasheldatCamp

David.FromthiscametheCampDavidAccordswhichweredocumentsimplementing

peacebetweenIsraelandEgypt.ThisjournalwasenteredintheHumanRightsjournal.

Thejournalcoversawiderangeoftopicsinthehumanandcivilrightsarena.Itrelates

welltoJimmyCarterslonglastinglegacybecauseitprovidesmanypointsofwhichhis

actionswithpeacestillaffecttheworldinmanywaystoday.

Kaplan,Sunny."ClintonWantsCampDavidtoWorkItsMagic."LosAngelesTimes.Los

AngelesTimes,11July2000.Web.09Nov.2014.

Thisnewspaperarticlediscussesthegoalsofthe2000CampDavidSummitmodeled

afterthesummitof1978.Theauthor,SunnyKaplan,isacommunicationsspecialistfor

TheWorldBankandpreviously,atalentedstaffwriterfortheLosAngelesTimes.She

basesthearticleonthehistoryofCampDavidandotherinstancesofsignificant

presidentialdiplomacytakenplacethere.Inadditionshestatesthesignificanceofthe

previoussummitanditsresultingpeaceintheMiddleEast.Kaplanconcludesthatthe

1978summitaswellotherinstancesofsignificanthistoricalachievementatCampDavid

weregreatinspirationforPresidentClintoninholdingthe2000summit.Thisarticleis

biasedandsubjectiveinthatitthoroughlypraisesCampDavidandthesummitof1978

observedbyPresidentCarter.

Lord,Jeffrey."JimmyCarter'sLegacyofWar."TheAmericanSpectator.TheAmerican

Spectator,6June2014.Web.28Oct.2014.

ThisarticlefromttheAmericanSpectatorwhichisaconservativeU.S.monthlymagazine

coveringnewsandpoliticswrittenJune16ofthisyeardiscussestheeffectthatJimmy

CarterhasleftontheUnitedStatesofAmericaseveralyearsafterhispresidency.The

authorbelievesthatCarterisatfaultforthesituationinIraqrightnow.Althoughhehas

donemanygreatthingstopromotepeaceinthemiddleeasthehasalsonegatively

affectedournation.Basedonthisarticle,JimmyCarterwasresponsibleforIraq

becomingwhatitistodayanIslamicfundamentalistterrorstatewhichiswhyweareat

warwiththemconstantly.Theauthorofthisarticle,JeffreyLordwasanassistantto

formerpresidentRonaldReagan.ThereisagreatbiasinthistextagainstCarterbutit

maystillhelpusinourresearchprojectbecauseanegativelegacystillhasalonglasting

effect.

Mahmood,Zahid."JimmyCarterandCampDavidTheBloodofAbraham:Insightsintothe

MiddleEast.JimmyCarter."JournalofPalestineStudies15.1(1985):12528.Web.12

Dec.2014.

ThisscholarlyjournalwascreatedbytheJournalofPalestineStudiestofocusonthefact

thatthepeaceissuesbetweenArabsandIsraelisshouldbeadmired,aswellashowthe

promisesmadebyPresidentJimmyCarterregardingtheCampDavidAccordswerenot

fulfilled.Theauthor,ZahidMahmood,isfromPakistanandaPh.Dcandidateinpolitical

scienceatColumbiaUniversity.Thisarticleisbasedonhistoricalfactsandsome

opinion,itgivesusinsightonthetwo"sides"ofPresidentCarter,andhowthosesides

affectedhispresidency.Onesideofhimisgood,emphasizingpeace,humanrights,and

nucleardisarmament,whiletheothersideisweakandvacillating.Theconclusiondrawn

isthatPresidentCartertriedtopleaseeveryoneduringhispresidency,butendedupnot

followingthroughwithhispromisesofwhattheCampDavidAccordsweresupposedto

doforthepeople.

Mahmood,Zahid.JSTOR.N.p.,n.d.Web.17Oct.2014.

ThisacademicjournalentrybyZahidMahmoodgivesmanydetailsaboutwhatreally

happenedatCampDavid.TheauthorgivesusanideaofhowCarterfeltwhenhefirst

arrivedatCampDavid.Shestatesthattheargumentspresentedatthesummitswere

unacceptabletotheArabs.SadatpersuadedCartertodeviseanAmericanpeaceplan

whichhewasforcedtosignatthepeaceconferenceatCampDavid.Theaccordswere

muchlessthanSadatactuallysought.Carterbeingabletoachievethisshowsdifficult

beinginthemiddleofthesetwocountrieswasforCarter.Althoughthistexthasan

obviousbiasitstillgivesgoodinformationthatcanbeusedtohelpanswermyresearch

question.

Malley,Robert,andHusseinAgha."CampDavid:ATragedyofErrors."TheGuardian.

GuardianNewsandMediaLimited,19July2001.Web.9Nov.2014.

ThisnewspaperarticlefromTheGuardiananalyzesthesuccessorlackthereofofthe

2000CampDavidsummit,modeledafterthe1978summitheldbyPresidentJimmy

Carter.IthelpedusinassessingthelegacyoftheCampDavidsummitbylearningabout

howtheresultsofthesummitwouldgodowninhistory.

MapofIsrael.Digitalimage.KibbutzDays.ColumbiaUniversity,n.d.Web.

ThismapshowsthelocationsofSinaiandEgyptandhowclosetheterritorieswere.It

visuallyexplainstheterritorialconflictbetweenEgyptandIsraeloverSinai.

Masciotra,David."JimmyCarterWasaLotBetterPresidentThanAlmostAnyoneEver

Admits."TheDailyBeast.Newsweek/DailyBeast,01Apr.2014.Web.27Oct.2014.

ThisnewspaperarticleispostedontheDailyBeast,anAmericannewsreportingand

opinionwebsite.Thearticle,writtenbyDavidMasciotra,expressestheamountof

appreciationJimmyCarterdeservesandhowalthoughmanybelieveCartermademany

badchoiceshewasstillanamazingpresident.Thisisbecauseoftheceasefirehecreated

betweenIsraelandEgyptTheCampDavidAccordswhicharestillstandingtoday.

AdditionallyhelookedoutforAmericansasawhole,notonlywashethefirstpresident

towanttouseourownoilbuthealsoderegulatedthetrucking,airline,andbeer

industries.Thisleadtotheenterprisethatraisedoureconomy.Thereisanobviousbiasin

thisarticleinfavorofformerPresidentJimmyCarter.Theauthorgraduatedfromthe

UniversityofSt.FranciswithaBachelorsDegreeinPoliticalSciencein2007therefore

heisareliableauthor.

Michaels,Jim."JimmyCarterCallsforRecognizingTerrorGroupHamas."USAToday.Gannet

Company,5Aug.2014.Web.20Sept.2014.

ThisarticlefocussesspecificallyonthestrongpositionsofformerpresidentJimmy

CarterpertainingtotheIsraeliPalestinianConflict.Itprovidesalensintothemindof

Carterwhoseinterestintheregionsoovercomebywarhasnotonlyreestablishedhimon

thepoliticalfieldbutbeenhispresidentialbane.Lackingbias,itdelvesintotherecent

statementsofAmericasoutspokenthirtyninthpresident.InthispublicationMichaels

doesagreatjobofanalyzingPresidentJimmyCarterscontinuancetodiphistoesin

issuesoftheMiddleEast.HethoroughlydigressesCarterslogicincallinguponthe

WesternWorldtorecognizeHamas,thepartysoadamantlydismissedasaterrorist

group,asapoliticalactorrepresentingthemajorityofthepalestinianpeople.Hereinitis

evidentthatCarterisatrueunabashedandbravecriticoftheIsraeliwaronPalestinian

civiliansaswellastrueandwesterndefinedterrorism.

Nir,Ori."EgyptthroughIsrael'sEyesAmericansforPeaceNow."AmericansforPeaceNow.

N.p.,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.

ThepictureoftheEgyptianflagtogetherwiththeIsraeliflagshowsthepeacebrought

betweenthetwoaforementionednations,achievedbyCarter.Weusedthispictureto

expressCarterslegacyandthelegacyofthesummit.

Neumann,RobertG."TheMiddleEastAfterCampDavid:PerilsandOpportunities."The

WashingtonQuarterly2.Sup001(1979):2938.Web.

ThisarticlewaswrittenbyRobertG.NeumanntoshowreadersthestateoftheMiddle

EastafterCampDavid.ThisisareliablesourcebecauseRobertwasanAmerican

politiciananddiplomat,healsoservedasambassadortoAfghanistan,Morocco,and

SaudiArabia.CampDavidhashelpedEgyptandIsraelrealizethatthey'reproblemisthat

theyboththinktheyareright,andthattheybothwantthesamethings,whetherthey

realizethisornot.Thisshowsthattheproblemhasgrown,andtheperceptionsofithas

grownaswell,andmanyactionsaretryingtobeaccomplishedtohelpfurtherpeace.

Rifkin,Lena."TheWestBank:WaveofPoliticalArrestsafterCampDavid."MERIPReports

No.74(1979):2122.JSTOR.Web.30Oct.2014.

Thisscholarlyjournalarticleassessestheimmediatelegacyofthe1978CampDavid

SummitamongPalestinians.Theauthor,LenaRifkin,wasawriterfortheMiddleEast

Report,publishedbytheMiddleEasternResearchandInformationproject.Shebasesthe

articleonobservationsoftensionsbetweenIsraelisandPalestiniansafterthesummit,

focussingspecificallyonthesystematicpoliticalarrestsandimprisonmentofPalestinians

amongotherviolationsofrightsincludingthatofexercisingfreespeech.Further,Rifkin

identifiesthecauseofthesearrestsasbeingoutspokendisagreementwithBeginspolicy

ofautonomydiscussedatCampDavid,thisbeinganunpatrioticactholdingtheweightof

terrorism.Assessingthis,sheconcludesthattheCampDavidSummithassimplyresulted

intheIsraelirepressionofPalestinianthoughtandspeechonthebasisoffear.Onthe

otherhand,shealsostatesanothereffectbeinggreaterPalestinianrevoltspeakingtothe

lackofeffectivenessofthisrepression.Thisarticleissubjectiveandbiasedtoward

Palestiniansinthatitadvocatesfortheirrights.

Terry,JaniceJ."TheCarterAdministrationandthePalestinians."ArabStudiesQuarterly

12.1/2,AMERICAANDTHEPALESTINIANS(1990):15365.JSTOR.Web.14Oct.

2014.

ThisacademicjournalbyJaniceJ.TerryexplainshowformerpresidentJimmyCarter

helpsbringpeacetoPalestine.Itprovidesfirsthandaccountsfrommanyinfluential

peopleinpalestine.ThearticleexplainshowtheCarteradministrationhaddirectcontact

withthePalestiniansandreallypushedforthegreatergoodforthem.Evenduringthe

"reassessment"Carterelectedmanyofficialsofwhichgavetheopinionofthe

Palestinians.Carterreallyemphasizedsafety,thishelpedreassurethepeopleofthe

MiddleEast.ThisarticlemayhelpusonourresearchonJimmyCartersinfluenceonthe

ArabIsraelipeaceprocessbecauseitgivesgreatevidenceprovingCartersattemptsof

bringingpeacetotheMiddleEast.ThearticlealsoshowthatCarterreallywantedtohelp

thePalestiniansanditwasn'tjustlookingtobenefithimself.

Quandt,WilliamB."CampDavidandPeacemakingintheMiddleEast."JSTOR.TheAcademy

ofPoliticalScience,n.d.Web.16Oct.2014.

ThisscholarlyjournalwascreatedbyTheAcademyofPoliticalSciencetoinform

readersabouttheattempttoresolvepeaceissuesbetweentheArabsandEgypt.The

authorisWilliamB.QuandtwhoisanAmericanscholar,author,andprofessoremeritus

intheDepartmentofPoliticsattheUniversityofVirginia.Hepreviouslyservedinthe

ForeignPolicyStudiesProgramattheBrookingsInstitutionandasamemberonthe

NationalSecurityCouncilintheRichardNixonandJimmyCarterAdministrations.This

articleisbasedonhistoricalfacts,anditgivesreadersinsightonwhytheCampDavid

Accordswerecriticizedandnotasgreatastheyweremadeouttobe.Theconclusion

drawnisthattheCampDavidAccordsmayhavenotcompletelysettledtheissues

betweenthetwocountries,buttheydefinitelyhadanimpactandweresuccessfulin

certainaspects.

PrimarySources

"TheAssociationforDiplomaticStudiesandTrainingForeignAffairsOralHistoryProject."

InterviewbyCharlesS.Kennedy.LibraryofCongress,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.

ThisinterviewofPresidentJimmyCarterprovideduswithalotofinformationthatreally

helpedus.MostofthequestionsaskedwerequestionswewouldaskCarterifwe

interviewedhim.TherewasalotofbackgroundonCarterandwhyhegotintopolitics

whichaddedgreatlytoourunderstandingofhisleadershipskillsandhowheapplied

them.

Brzezinski,Zbigniew."InterviewwithZbigniewBrzezinski."Telephoneinterview.30Mar.

2015.

ZbigniewBrzezinskiisaPolishAmericanpoliticalscientist,geostrategist,andstatesman.

whoservedasUnitedStatesNationalSecurityAdvisortoPresidentJimmyCarterfrom

1977to1981.Wewereluckyenoughtoholdaphoneinterviewwithhim.Duringour15

minuteinterviewhegaveusmuchinformationclearlyrelatingtoourthesis.Indoingso,

hegreatlyhelpedusbygivingusaninsightintowhatreallyhappenedatCampDavid.

Brzezinski,Zbigniew.TalkingPointswithPrimeMinisterBegin:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.

ThisdocumentexplainsthatevenaftertheCampDavidAccords,toughnegotiations

continueduntilMarch,1979.ItisamemofromNationalSecurityadvisorZbigniew

BrzezinskitoPresidentJimmyCarter,aidingusinunderstandingthedifficultyofthe

process.

Butt,Gerald.MenachemBegin.Digitalimage.BBCNews.BBCNews,n.d.Web.

ThisphotoisadepictionMenachemBeginwhowasthesixthprimeministerofIsrael.

BeginplayedalargeroleinhelpingCarterachievewhathedidandthisphotographaided

usinaddingtothevisualqualityofourdocumentary.

"CampDavidAccordsSigned."History.com.A&ETelevisionNetworks,n.d.Web.05Mar.

2015.

ThisarticleandaudioclipsfromtheHistoryChannel'swebsiteexplainsthesignificance

ofSeptember17thelastdayoftheSummitfromtheperspectivesofBeginandSadat.

ThearticleaddressesthesignificanceofthissummitandhowmuchitbenefitedCarter,

SadatandBegin,helpingusbeginlegacyresearch.

Carter,Jimmy.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.PDF.

ThisdocumentshowsamessagePresidentJimmyCartersenttoPrimeMinisterBegin

andPresidentSadattryingtosuggestarespectableclosure,howeveritwasafailed

attemptatpeaceeffort.ItaidsinourunderstandingofCarterscontinuouseffortsfor

peace.

Carter,Jimmy."Preamble."Preface.MuhammadAnwarAlSadat,PresidentoftheArab

RepublicofEgypt,andMenachemBegin,PrimeMinisterofIsrael,MetwithJimmy

Carter,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,atCampDavidfromSeptember5to

September17,1978,andHaveAgreedonthefollowingFrameworkforPeaceinthe

MiddleEast.Washington:UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice,1977.N.pag.Print.

SettingtheFrameworkforPeacebetweenIsraelandEgypt,thisdocument,foundthrough

theNationalArchivesandTrumanLibraryclearlystatestheagreementsofthe1978

CampDavidAccords.WritteninPresidentCarterswords,hismassiveroleinthepeace

processasamitigatorbecomesevidenttous.

CampDavid25.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.PDF.

ThisdocumentdemonstratesthefactthateventhoughtheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreatywas

asuccess,theMiddleEastcontinuedtofaceconflictsthroughouttheCarter

administration.ItgivesusinsightintothelegacyofCampDavid.

CampDavid25.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.Web.

TheJimmyCarterlibrarygreatlyhelpedmygroupmembersandIingettingamultitude

ofprimarysources,theCampDavidcollectionprovidesuswith25PDFsincluding,

images,letterswrittenbyCarter,andaminutebyminuteschedulefromtheSummit.

Severaldocumentsfromthiscollectionwereveryhelpful,weusedthemasvisualsinour

documentaryaswellasevaluatingthemandgettingasmuchinformationregarding

Carteraspossible.

TheDailyDiaryofPresidentJimmyCarter:JimmyCarterLibrary.PDF.

ThesedocumentsshowPresidentJimmyCartersschedulethroughoutthenegotiation

process.ItisevidentwithinthatCarterhadseveralmeetingswithbothoftheattending

worldleaderswhentryingtobringthemtogether.Theyhelpedusinassessinghishard

workthroughout.

Gordis,Daniel.HowMenachemBeginMadePeaceWithIsraelsGreatestEnemy:Egypt.

Digitalimage.TabletMag.Web.

Thisprimaryphotographshowsthethreeleaderstogether.Thisisapeacefulandhappy

picturethatdepictsthepeacethatPresidentJimmyCarterworkeddiligentlytoachieve.It

aideduswiththelegacyportionofourproject.

Gwertzman,Bernard."AccordonSinaiOilOpensWaytotheFirstPeaceinMideastDispute."

TheNewYorkTimes26Mar.1979,LateCityed.:n.pag.TheNewYorkTimes.TheNew

YorkTimesCompany.Web.30Oct.2014.

ThisarticlediscussestheachievementofsigningtheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreatyfollowing

muchnegotiation.Theauthor,BernardGwertzmanisanaccomplishedjournalistand

editor,previouslyworkingfortheWashingtonStar,TheNewYorkTimes,andcurrently

fortheCouncilonForeignRelations.Hebasesthisarticleonhisowntravelsinthe

MiddleEastwiththenSecretaryofStateHenryKissingerchartingtheArabIsraeli

accordsthatweretoleadtothehistoricaforementionedtreatyaswellasaccountsand

visualsofthetreatyssigning.Kissingerfocussesontheeventitselfaswellasthe

peacefulcelebratorywordsofMenachemBegin,AnwarAlSadat,andPresidentJimmy

Carter.Furthermore,hemakesevidenttheweightofthisinsurmountableaccomplishment

inassessingthehighlyopposedCampDavidSummitandtheprevailingestablishmentof

peaceendingdecadesofwaraswellasthebeginningofadvocationforthePalestinian

people.Thisarticleisobjectiveandlacksbias.

Gwertzman,Bernard."InterviewwithBernardGwertzman."Onlineinterview.16Dec.2014.

BernardGertzmanwasaverynicemanwhowaswillingtotellusmuchabouttheMiddle

Eastasheknew.HehelpedusfurtherunderstandwhytheCampDavidSummittook

placeandhowithelpedtheMiddleEast.ThishelpedusproveexactlyhowmuchCarter

impactedMidEastpeace.Hewasajournalistthatcharteredthefirstarabisraeliaccords

intheMiddleEast,thusheknewalotaboutoursubject.Furthermore,hewrotethe

originalarticleonthe1979peacetreatybetweenEgyptandIsrael.Gertzmanwasan

invaluablesourceofprimaryinformation,veryhelpfulinconductingresearchaboutthe

summit.

"OPAOnlinePublicAccessJimmyCarter."OPAOnlinePublicAccessJimmyCarter.

NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration,n.d.Web.11Dec.2014.

Thissource,accessedthroughtheNationalArchivesprovideduswithamultitudeof

primaryandsecondarysources.Furthermore,throughthissourcewefound17primary

photographsandavideocontainingbothprimaryandsecondaryinformationtobeused

inourdocumentary.Thus,itwasveryusefulnotonlyintheresearchprocessbutinthe

constructionofourdocumentary.

Palestine:LandOwnershipbySubdistrict(1945).Digitalimage.N.p.,n.d.Web.

ThispoliticalmapshowsexactlyhowmuchofIsraelwasownedbywho.Additionallyit

providesuswithpiechartsshowingexactlyhowmanyofeachpeoplearepresentina

percentage.ItaidedusinunderstandingthePalestinianconflict.

PresidentJimmyCarterDraftSigningStatement.:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.

PresidentCarterhandwrotethisstatementanditwasdeliveredatthesigningceremony

oftheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreaty.Thisshowstheeffortthatwasputintothispeace

processbyPresidentJimmyCarteraswellasanimportantpartofitslegacy.

PresidentJimmyCarter,EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,andIsraeliPrimeMinister

MenachemBeginreviewingMarinesduringCampDavidAccords.Digitalimage.

LibraryofCongress,n.d.Web.

ThispictureshowsformerpresidentJimmyCarterlookingatandjudgingallofthe

marines.Thisshowshisroleasaleaderandcouldhelpourresearchquestionbecausein

thepictureyoucouldseehowcloseCarter,EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,andIsraeli

PrimeMinisterMenachemarestandingthereforeshowingtheunityCarterhelpedbring.

Quandt,WilliamB."InterviewwithWilliamB.Quandt."Onlineinterview.16Dec.2014.

WilliamBQuandtworkedverycloselywithPresidentCarteratcampDavid.Wewere

fortunateenoughtogetaninterviewwithhim.Thisinterviewprovideduswithalotof

veryusefulinformation.Henotonlygaveusaninsightonthesummitbuthealso

describedthroughknowinghimonaprofessionallevelJimmyCarter.Quandtwasalso

abletogiveusinformationonCartersstyleofnegotiationsandhowheachievedhis

goalofpeaceatCampDavid.AlthoughhefavoredCartergreatly,hewasabletopoint

outallofhisflawsduringthesummit,helpingusformulateanantithesis.Allinall

WilliamBQuandtwasveryhelpfulinconductingresearchforthisproject.

Rostropovich,Mstislav.MstislavRostropovich.:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.

ThisdocumentshowstheendofthesummitwhenPresidentJimmyCarter,AnwarSadat,

andMenachemBeginwrappeduptheirdiscussionsaboutpeaceonSeptember,17,1978.

Itisaprimarydocumentthathelpedusinformulatingthedocumentary.