Animal Cells, Tissues, and Organs - Exercise 12 Objectives -Know the four main types of human...
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- Slide 1
- Animal Cells, Tissues, and Organs - Exercise 12 Objectives
-Know the four main types of human tissues -Be able to identify
various tissues. -You have to learn how to distinguish tissues.
-Know the three different types of white blood cells.
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- Page 1 - Lab Book Most multicellular animals exhibit the
organization of cells into special types of cells called tissues.
In turn, tissues are organized into organs, and organs into organ
systems. Although tissue organization is found in both plants and
animals, the types of animal tissue are not the same as those found
in plants. For example, plants do not have muscle or nervous
tissue.
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- What are the four main tissue types in a human?
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- What are the four main tissues in a human? Epithelial,
Connective, Muscle, and Nerve tissues. If your going to take
Anatomy and Physiology this is going to come back, so keep this in
the back of your head.
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- Epithelial Tissue
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- Page 1 - Lab Book Epithelial Tissue: This type of tissue covers
the exterior of the body and lines all internal spaces, tubes, and
cavities. Epithelial tissue protects the underlying tissues from
dehydration and mechanical damage, regulates the passage of
materials, may secrete materials into a space, cavity or tube, may
absorb materials from a space, cavity, or tube, and may provide
sensory functions.
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- Epithelium is classified according to the shape of its cells.
There are 3 types of cell shapes. Major types of epithelial
tissues: Squamos (simple or stratified) think of squish or FLAT
Cuboidal (simple or stratified) think of cube or SQUARE shaped
Columnar (simple) just as the words sounds... COLUMN How do you
tell the differentiate between simple vs. stratified epithelium?
Simple this is simple so there is only ONE layer Stratified
opposite of simple... so its complicated or MULTIPLE layers
Pseudostratified columnar tricky! It looks like it is stratified,
but remember to look for the nuclei at different levels. SO IN
reallity this is a simple Columnar epithelium.
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- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - Kidney Tubles Identify: Cuboidal
cell, nucleus
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- Stratified Squamos Epithelium - Esophagus Identify: Stratified
Squamos Epithelium & nucleus
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- Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium - Trachea
Identify: Cilia, goblet cells, columnar cell, nucleus.
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- Connective Tissue
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- Page 3 - Lab Book This what it sounds like it connects
everything together. Its a diverse group of animal tissue which
includes cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, blood, and fat. They
support the body, hold tissues and organs together, defend the
body, and store food. The cells are not tightly packed, but rather
are typically suspended and scattered in an extensive extracellular
matrix. The classification of connective tissue is based more on
function and the nature of the matrix (liquid, fibery, solid) than
on the morphology of the cells themselves.
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- Cartilage - Trachea Identify: Chondrocyte,,lacuna, matrix,
& nucleus.
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- Bone (Osseous Tissue) Ground Bone Identify: Haversion canal,
Osteocytes, matrix, & canaliculi
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- Blood Red Blood Cell aka Erythrocytes (RBC) & White Blood
Cell aka leucocytes (WBC)
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- Blood WBC - Neutrophils Multi-lobed nucleus in which the
individual lobes may be connected.
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- Blood WBC - Monocyte Single curved or horse-shoe shaped
nucleus.
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- Blood WBC - Lymphocyte Nucleus is very large and occupies more
than 85- 90%. Some are called B cells and produce antibodies, and
help with immunity.
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- Adipose Tissue (fat) Identify: Cell membrane, nucleus,
vacuole.
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- Areolar Tissue Identify: Matrix, collagenous fibers = light
pink threads, elastic fibers = hair like structures, fibroblast =
cell.
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- Muscle Tissue
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- Page 7 - Lab Book The functions of muscle (contractile) tissue
are to move material within the body, move body parts, or move the
entire organism in space. All muscle cells execute their function
by contracting. There are three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal
muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
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- Skeletal Muscle Identify: Striations = black lines, nuclei =
black dots, & fiber aka skeletal muscle cells = whole pink/red
structure.
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- Smooth Muscle Its smooth because its missing striations, but it
has all components of muscle cells. Identify: Cell membrane,
nucleus -Circular layer of smooth muscle = innermost layer
(thickest) -longitudinal layer of smooth muscle = outermost
layer
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- Nervous Tissue
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- Page 9 - Lab Book This is composed of neurons that transmit
nerve impulses and neuroglial cells that support and nourish the
neurons. Nervous tissue functions in the coordination of the
activities of the organism.
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- Nervous Tissue = neurons Spinal Cord Identify: Cell body,
nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasmic extension, neuroglial cell.
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- Sperm Cells Identify: Sperm head & flagellum
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- Questions: Page 10-12 - Lab Book 2. What is the difference
between simple and stratified epithelium? 4. Name two examples of
connective tissue that you observed in lab that have a hard and
dense matrix? Name two examples of connective tissue that you
observed in lab today that have a soft and watery matrix. 7. What
is the function of a neuron? What is the main function of glial
cells (neuroglia)?
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- Questions: Page 10-12 - Lab Book 2. What is the difference
between simple and stratified epithelium? 4. Name two examples of
connective tissue that you observed in lab that have a hard and
dense matrix? Bone and cartilage. Name two examples of connective
tissue that you observed in lab today that have a soft and watery
matrix. Blood, lymph, or Areolar 7. What is the function of a
neuron? Send nerve impulses throughout body. What is the main
function of glial cells (neuroglia)? To maintain the neuron, clean
it, feed it, and do everything for them.
- Slide 31
- Questions: Page 12 - Lab Book 8. a) How is an organ different
from a tissue? b) How is an organ system different from an
organ?
- Slide 32
- Acknowledgments Tacy Holliday Meg Birney Scot Magnotta Kristin
Hensley Alam Rashidul Barbara Hoberman & anybody who I
forgot