Ancient Rome World Studies. What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome? Central Italy On...

Ancient Rome

World Studies

What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome?

• Central Italy• On peninsula in

middle of Mediterranean Sea

• Upon the Tiber River- good transportation, protection

Origins of Rome• Founded 753 BC

by Romulus and Remus on Palatine Hill

• Romulus kills Remus and names the city after himself

• Etruscans to the N. and Greeks S.

Government

• 509 B.C. –Last King

• Republic – a government of elected representatives

• Patricians – landowners

• Plebeians – merchants, farmers, traders.

Government

• Two consuls, elected for 1 year

• Senate- 300 members chosen from Patricians (aristocracy), served for life

• Centuriate/Tribal assemblies- plebians, members for life

• Tribunes- elected by plebeians, protects their rights from patricians

• Dictator- could be appointed in emergencies, absolute power for 6 months

Military

• Legion- unit of 5,000• 265 B.C. controlled

Italy• Empire expanded.• How?

• Strong, disciplined army

• Treated enemy well.• Collected taxes.• Respected some local

customs.

Battle Formations

• Tortoise

Punic Wars• Wars with the

Phoenician colony of Carthage

• 1st, 264-241 BC for control of Sicily, W. Mediterranean

• 2nd, 218 BC

Punic Wars• Hannibal led

troops across Europe and over the Alps to Italy

• Roman general Scipio (Africanus) attacked Carthage, forced Hannibal to return

• Defeated 202 BC.

Punic Wars

• Third War 149-146 BC, Romans lay siege to Carthage, 50,000 people sold into slavery

Republic to Empire

• 1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar- w/ Crassus and Pompey, 60 BC

• Caesar conquered all of Gaul w/ troops from landless poor- loyal to Caesar, not Rome

• Turned his army on Rome, Pompey fled, 1st dictator for life, 44 BC

Roman Empire

• Caesar murdered in Senate 3/15, 44 BC “Ides of March”

• 2nd triumvirate- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus

• Octavian forced Lepidus to retire

Roman Empire

• Antony fell in love w/ Cleopatra, Ocatvian defeated them both- suicide

• 31 BC- Caesar Augustus

Pax Romana

• Means “Roman Peace”

• 27 BC to 180 AD

Fall of Rome

• Inflation, food shortages, end of expansion weakens empire

• Diocletian- divided the empire into Greek speaking east and Latin west

• Constantine reunited the empire, ended persecution of Christians, moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople)

Fall of Rome

• Germanic invasions weakened the Empire• Attila the Hun rampaged through Roman

lands• 476- West fell to Vandals• Eastern half lasts until 1453, defeated by

Ottoman Turks• Greco-Roman culture- mix of Greek,

Roman, Hellenistic influence

Famous Roman stuff• Virgil- wrote the Aeneid, modeled after

Homer’s work

• Aqueducts- built using arches, they brought fresh water to large cities

• Space between chariot wheels- train tracks

• Latin becomes basis for Spanish, French, Romanian, Portuguese, Italian

• Colusseum- stadium where gladiators fought

Ancient Rome World Studies. What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome? Central Italy On...

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