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Ancient Persia & Greece
The Persian Empire (Modern Iran)• Limited natural resources / rich
in mineral resources (G,S,C,T) • Cyrus the Great & Darius I =
Expanded Empire• Persian Style of Govt.
– Satraps (Royal Relation)– Autonomous Provinces– Province paid tribute / Limited
supply of G & S– King = Lawgiver / People =
Maintain Traditions
• Zoroastrianism =– Major Monotheistic Religion– Dualistic (Good v. Evil)– Influenced Judaism & Christianity
The Persian Empire (1000-500 BCE)• Achievements– Spread knowledge of iron
metallurgy– Long distance trade route
linked India, SW Asia, & Egypt
– Held together empire despite diverse peoples b/c of tolerance
– Relied on local leaders– Trade & War with Greece =
Artistic & Philosophical exchange
Ancient Greek City-States• Polis = City State & its rural
territory• Athens & Sparta =
– Maritime Power v. Agricultural/ Military Power
– Trireme & Hoplite– Reliance on Slave Labor– Athens shift from aristocracy to
democracy (Pericles)
• Overpopulation leads to Colonization & Trade, New Ideas, Spread of Greek Identity/Philosophy
• Major Conflicts– Persian Wars (490-437 BCE)– Peloponnesian Wars (431-404)
Culture of Classical Greece• Common Culture
– Olympic Games (776 BCE)– Religious Beliefs /
Ceremonies– Slaves / Gender Inequality
• Greek Religion = Sky gods who represented forces of nature w/human characteristics
• Philosophy & Thought– Aristotle = Oral Culture– Plato = Written Culture– Herodotus = Research /
Recording
Alexander & the Hellenistic Age• Weakened City States =
Macedonian Conquest– Philip of Macedonia– Alexander the Great
• Alexander’s Empire built upon remnants of the conquered Persian Empire
• Hellenistic Age (323-30 BCE)– Blending of Greek & Persian
Culture (intermarriage)– Stability = Long Distance Trade– Stoicism = Use of reason to
lead virtuous lives
The Acropolis at Athens
Battle of Issus
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