ANCIENT NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES Chapter 11: Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas

ANCIENT NATIVE AMERICAN ANCIENT NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIESSOCIETIES

Chapter 11: Mayas, Aztecs, and Chapter 11: Mayas, Aztecs, and IncasIncas

Map of Mayas, Aztecs and IncasMap of Mayas, Aztecs and Incas

ANCIENT MAYANSANCIENT MAYANSI. Ancient Mayas

A) Government: Independent City-States - Rulers: God-kings

- Kings who were worshipped

as gods- Similar to the Egyptian pharaoahs

Government: MayansGovernment: Mayans-cont: B) Social Structure: Mayan society had a social structureC) Religion: Worshipped many gods -PolytheisticD) Economy: Agriculturally based - FarmingE) Communication: Used writing

Science & Technology: MayansScience & Technology: Mayans-Cont: F) Science and Technology:

- Used TWO calendars- Built pyramids- Practiced astronomy

II. Ancient AztecsA) Government: Military empire

- Conquered many peoples

Mayan ArchitectureMayan ArchitectureA picture of a Mayan Temple-Most Famous: Tikal, and Chichen-Itza

Mayan WritingMayan Writing

This is a picture of Mayan glyphs- CALLED A CODEX

Aztec Social StructureAztec Social Structure -cont: B) Social Structure: Had a social

structure with slaves at the bottomof society

C) Religion: Worshipped many gods- Sacrificed humans to their gods- Quetzalcoatl: The god of corn

D) Economy: Agriculturally based- Farming

Aztec CommunicationsAztec Communications-cont: E) Communications: Had a system of

writing -painted pictures to tell stories- similar to Mayans

F) Science and Technology: - Used TWO calendars - Built pyramids and aqueducts

Aztec AchievementsAztec AchievementsThis is a typicalAztec temple-Found inTeotichuan,Mexico

The God QuetzalcoatlThe God Quetzalcoatl

The god (Quetzalcoatl) was often depicted as aFeathered serpent

The Ancient IncaThe Ancient IncaIII. The Ancient Inca

A) Government: An empire-Strong central government

B) Social Structure: - all citizens were equal - all had to give a MITA to the

government - a labor tribute

Religion of the IncasReligion of the IncasC) Religion:

- Polytheistic (worshipped many gods)

D) Communication: Did not have a system of writing

-kept organized records with a QUIPU

- a knotted rope

Inca Science and TechnologyInca Science and TechnologyE) Science and Technology:

- Had an elaborate calendar system- Massive water management system- A system of roads

AFRICAN TRADING AFRICAN TRADING KINGDOMSKINGDOMS

Chapter 7 (pgs 211-219) & Chapter 13 (pgs Chapter 7 (pgs 211-219) & Chapter 13 (pgs 377 – 381 & 383-388)377 – 381 & 383-388)

GHANA, MALI AND SONGHAIGHANA, MALI AND SONGHAIWESTERN AFRICAWESTERN AFRICA

Ghana in 1000Ghana in 1000

SaltSalt

GoldGold

Trans-Saharan TradeTrans-Saharan Trade

GHANAGHANA

III.GHANA A) Began the Gold-Salt Trade: North &

WestAfricaA) West Africa-exported GOLDB) North Africa-exported SALT

-Salt was valuable for curing meats in

the Tropical Wet climate region

The Gold-Salt TradeThe Gold-Salt TradeC) The Islamic religion spread on

the gold-salt trade From Northern to Western Africa

IV. The Empire of Mali A) SUNDIATA: The founder of Mali- took over in a military defeatB) Mansa Musa was the most famous leader of Mali

Mali in 1350Mali in 1350

Mansa MusaMansa Musa-Mansa Musa created new trade routes & gave away so much gold during Hajj that he disrupted the flow of gold in Cairo, Egypt for over 12 years IV. SONGHAI

A) A) SUNNI ALISUNNI ALI: King of Songhai: King of Songhai- ruled from 1464-1494 (about 30 - ruled from 1464-1494 (about 30

years)years)-a military conqueror -a military conqueror

Other Rulers: ContinuedOther Rulers: Continued -- Captured the city of Timbuktu from Captured the city of Timbuktu from

MaliMali

Other RulersOther Rulers- Sunni Ali established universities in Sunni Ali established universities in

conquered citiesconquered cities

--ASKIA MUHAMMED: King of ASKIA MUHAMMED: King of Songhai; rejected IslamSonghai; rejected Islam

- put Sunni Ali’s son out of power & - put Sunni Ali’s son out of power & replaced himreplaced him

- created an organized government; tax - created an organized government; tax system (like William the Conqueror)system (like William the Conqueror)

Songhai in 1500Songhai in 1500

REVIEW OF ISLAMREVIEW OF ISLAM

I. The Five Pillars:A)One God – AllahB)Fasting – during Ramadan

- holy monthC) Charity – alms to the poorD) Hajj – Pilgrimage to MeccaE) Prayer – Five times per day

REVIEW OF ISLAMREVIEW OF ISLAMII. The Muslims believe that the DOME OF THE ROCK

- Jerusalem Is where Muhammed went up to heaven

REVIEW OF ISLAMREVIEW OF ISLAM

The Dome ofTheRock

NUBIA/KUSH, AXUM AND NUBIA/KUSH, AXUM AND GREAT ZIMBABWEGREAT ZIMBABWE

Eastern AfricaEastern Africa

EASTERN AFRICAEASTERN AFRICAV.East African Societies

- Before and during the MiddleAges 500-1500 AD

A)Nubia: At the same time as Ancient Egypt (REVIEW)-located along the Nile River-Also called Kush/Cush

-many times conquered by

Ruins of Ancient NubiaRuins of Ancient NubiaTheseAre remainsOf an AnicentNubianTemple

More Anicent NubiaMore Anicent NubiaHere is Another Temple-Notice theEgyptianstyle

Nubian PriestsNubian PriestsNubiansWorshippedEgyptian Gods

ANCIENT NUBIAANCIENT NUBIA-Cont: Egypt (in war)

- in 750 BC they conquered Egypt (under King Pinakhi) -They ruled Egypt over 100 years

1. Capital City – Meroe -Established in 500 BC

2. Achievements: Nubian iron was used by Egyptians

Nubian and EgyptNubian and Egypt-Cont: the Nubians gained a lot

from Egypt-Cultural Diffusion-They used: a) Egyptian hieroglyphics b) Egyptian gods

-In about 350 AD Nubia was conquered by Axum

Axum/AksumAxum/Aksum

B) Axum: Strategic location- defeated Nubia in 350 AD- located on the Red Sea- led Mediterranean trade 1. Traders from Central &

Eastern Africa brought goods to Axum to trade

- from Africa to Asia & Europe

A Christian CivilizationA Christian Civilization-cont: 2.Trade brings Religion:

- Because of their trade with Europe and Asia

-Christianity spread to Axum

- By 1200 AD many Christian Churches werein Axum (called Coptic)

Great ZimbabweGreat ZimbabweC) Great Zimbabwe: “Great Stone Buildings”

- known for their impressive architectural ruins

1. Location: Near the Limpopo River

2. Achievements: Improved agriculture, and iron mining

AfricaAfrica

Indian OceanIndian Ocean

LimpopoLimpopoRiverRiver

ZambeziZambeziRiverRiver

Great ZimbabweGreat Zimbabwe

Map of Great ZimbabweMap of Great Zimbabwe

Great ZimbabweGreat ZimbabweA greatStone Wall in Zimbabwe

Great ZimbabweGreat ZimbabweA stone Tower in Zimbabwe

ANCIENT JAPANANCIENT JAPANChapter 10 (pgs 299-305)Chapter 10 (pgs 299-305)

JapanJapan

I. RELIGION.A) Shinto-means the “way of the

gods” - Buddhism spread into Japan by Korean travelers - mixed with Shintoism

in Japan

Japanese Code of ChivalryJapanese Code of Chivalry

C) Japanese Code Chivalry1. Samurai-Local warriors -protected their lord2. Shogun-Supreme general in the emperor’s army

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