Ancient India. Let’s practice note taking using the 40/60 note taking method. Fold your paper with...
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- Slide 1
- Ancient India
- Slide 2
- Lets practice note taking using the 40/60 note taking method.
Fold your paper with 40/60%. Write the keywords down on the 40%
side of the paper, leaving enough space between to add notes. On
the 60% side of the paper, go back and add notes.
- Slide 3
- Keywords Indus River Civilization Harappan Civilization Area
today Major cities Mohenjo-Daro
- Slide 4
- Look at the physical map of Southern Asia. Where do you think
ancient civilizations may have been located? Why?
- Slide 5
- If you said river valleys you are correct. Why would ancient
civilizations settle along these river banks?
- Slide 6
- Developed in the Indus River Valley Area of what is today
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Indus River Civilization also
called Harappan Civilization
- Slide 7
- 3000 BCE to 1500 BCE It existed at about the same time as the
Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations. Review Where was the Sumerian
civilization located? What does BCE stand for?
- Slide 8
- Two major cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Means
Mound of the dead biggest settlement found in valley More than
35,000 people lived there
- Slide 9
- Keywords Mohenjo-Daro Script Destroyed and rebuilt End
- Slide 10
- Mohenjo-Daro Pictographic type script Over 4000 different
characters however, has yet to be deciphered Destroyed and rebuilt
7 times each time new cities were built on top of the old ones
possibly destroyed by flooding of the Indus unlike the annual
flooding of the Nile River the Indus River had unpredictable
flooding
- Slide 11
- Ended around 1700 BC unknown causes Based on your knowledge of
other ancient civilizations, what do you think possible causes
were?
- Slide 12
- Ended around 1700 BC unknown causes but theories include Change
of course of river which supported civilization Climate change
severe drought and rivers dried up Conquered and destroyed by
invaders
- Slide 13
- As we look at this ancient city, lets try to find evidence of a
civilization. Can you remember what are the four elements of a
civilization? Surplus of food Division of labor Organized
government or religion Writing system
- Slide 14
- Evidence of an advanced society: Planned layout of city based
on grid system Broad avenues with narrower streets Must have had a
centralized authority to plan such cities. Variety of buildings
built of baked mud and sun-dried bricks.
- Slide 15
- Sophisticated houses with many rooms some 2 stories high.
Houses included spaces indicating a place for some type of doors
and windows. Advanced drainage systems - narrow drains can be found
in the streets. Drains were built with a slight slope to allow
dirty water to drain away from the city. Some drains had covers,
just like ours today. Most houses had wells to get fresh
water.
- Slide 16
- Public bath evidence of tar indicates there was a layer of tar
to keep the water from leaking. Also evidence of underground room
with a type of furnace believed to have been used to heat the water
in the public bath.
- Slide 17
- Believed to be a statue of a priest King
- Slide 18
- These were seals. Most depict some type of animal.
Archaeologists believe only the wealthy would own a seal. Believed
to be seals because many impressions have been found on other
objects such as pottery.
- Slide 19
- Necklace made of gold and green stones, which were rare in this
area. Therefore, probably a very rich person wore this necklace.
This intricate piece of jewelry indicates very skilled craftsmen
most likely a used as a belt or necklace and probably belonged to a
person of great wealth.
- Slide 20
- Summarize List evidences of advanced civilization Share notes
with partner
- Slide 21
- Keywords Aryans Migrated Language Belief Then came the
Aryans
- Slide 22
- Aryans People who migrated from southern Russia The time of
their arrival suggests they had something to do with the downfall
of the Harappan civilization Spoke the language of Sanskrit
Improved weapons and the introduction of the horse enabled them to
rule northern India Together with the Harappan people these two
people created a new culture Strong belief that people are NOT
equal What type of social system do you think this belief led
to?
- Slide 23
- Then we see the beginning of a new religion! Do you know what
it might be?
- Slide 24
- Keywords Hinduism Vedas Karma Reincarnation Caste system Ganges
River
- Slide 25
- Hinduism No founder rather combination of Aryan and Harappan
beliefs Regarded as worlds oldest organized religion Based on
certain Aryan practices chanting of hymns For a long time passed
down through oral tradition
- Slide 26
- Eventually written down and became part of the Vedas (Book of
Knowledge) The Vedas is the oldest known scripture
- Slide 27
- Central ideas Karma and reincarnation Karma idea that ones
actions determines what will happen after ones death Reincarnation
after death, ones soul is reborn into a different body
- Slide 28
- Caste inherited social class determines ones job, marriage
partner, and friends influenced by Aryans belief that people are
NOT created equal Merchants, landowners, farmers Laborers,
peasants, servants Warriors, princes priests
- Slide 29
- 4 major classes And then the Untouchables inferior to the 4
major classes did work that no one else would do shunned by other
classes Merchants, landowners, farmers Laborers, peasants, servants
Warriors, princes priests
- Slide 30
- Caste System Today still prevalent, but government working to
reduce
- Slide 31
- Did you know The Aryans judged a mans wealth based on the head
of cattle he owned. Therefore, Aryans protected their cattle from
harm. Do you know what this might have led to? The Hindus believe
cows are sacred and do not eat their meat!
- Slide 32
- Winding 1560 miles from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean the
sacred Ganges River
- Slide 33
- Sacred to the Hindus Known as Ganga Ma - Mother Ganges the
river is considered as a goddess whose purity 1.cleanses the
faithful from their sins and 2.aids the dead on their path toward
heaven.
- Slide 34
- According to Hindu mythology The Ganges was once a river of
heaven that flowed across the sky. Long ago, she agreed to fall to
earth to aid a king named Bhagiratha. His ancestors had been burned
to ash by the angry gaze of an ascetic they had disturbed during
meditation. Only the purifying waters of Ganges, flowing over their
ashes, could free them from the earth and raise them up to live in
peace in heaven. However, the flow of the heavenly river might
shatter the earth, so Lord Shiva caught Ganges in his hair as she
cascaded down from heaven to the Himalyas. Ganges then followed
Bhagiratha out of the mountains, across the plains to the sea,
where she restored his dead ancestors and lifted them to paradise.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html
- Slide 35
- It is from this story comes the Hindu ritual of depositing the
ashes of their dead into the Ganges. Just as the Ganges brought to
life the ashes of Bhagirathas ancestors, so all Hindus believe that
if the ashes of their dead are deposited in the river, they will be
ensured a smooth transition to the next life, or freed from the
cycle of death and rebirth. Hindus may travel great distances to
scatter the ashes of loved ones in the Ganges.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html
- Slide 36
- Hindus also believe that the Ganges divine waters purify those
who immerse themselves in her. In cities along the river, daily
dips are an important ritual among the faithful.
http://www.sacredland.org/world_sites_pages/Ganges.html Even sacred
dips right along side cattle!
- Slide 37
- Many cities are considered sacred and serve as pilgrimage
sites.
- Slide 38
- The Ganges is also used for washing laundry!
- Slide 39
- Used as a burial site bathing laundry dipping for spiritual
cleansing humans and cattle! What might the Ganges be like today?
Polluted!
- Slide 40
- Then, with an Indian prince we see the beginning of another new
religion.
- Slide 41
- Keywords Buddhism Gautama Influence The Middle Way
- Slide 42
- Indian Prince - Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama was an
Indian prince born into wealth and luxury. One day he left his
palace and walked among his people and for the first time saw
sickness and poverty. He wanted to understand what caused human
suffering. Therefore, he gave up everything, all pleasures and
comforts. However, he was still not happy.
- Slide 43
- One day he sat down under a tree and vowed not to move until he
understood. Without food for days he nearly died; however, soon he
was enlightened. He understood that it is not wealth and luxury or
poverty that brought happiness, rather it was the Middle Way. He
began teaching others this Middle Way and soon they began calling
him the Buddha, which means Enlightened One.
- Slide 44
- He taught that by putting aside your ego, you could escape the
cycle of death and rebirth and reach Nirvana. The path to Nirvana
could be found through meditation and karma.
- Slide 45
- Siddhartha Gautama teachings Influenced by Hindu beliefs (such
as Karma and reincarnation) Rejected caste system 4 Noble Truths
and Eightfold path The Middle Way Ponder 1 Why did Gautama keep
some of the Hindu beliefs and reject others? 2 Why would Buddhism
be attractive to people, especially to people of India?
- Slide 46
- 4 Noble Truths Truth of suffering Life is full of pain Truth of
Cause Suffering comes from desire for possessions Truth of
Extinction If people stop desiring possessions, they will no longer
suffer Truth of the Path Eliminate the suffering step by step, thus
the eightfold path
- Slide 47
- Eightfold path 1.Knowing the truth 2.Trying to resist evil
3.Saying nothing to hurt others 4.Respecting life, what is right
(morality), and property 5.Holding a job that does not injure
others 6.Trying to free ones mind of evil 7.Controlling ones
feelings and thoughts 8.Practicing proper forms of
concentration
- Slide 48
- To sum up
- Slide 49
- Stupas a Buddhist spiritual monument
- Slide 50
- These sacred sites are scattered across India, Nepal, and Tibet
as well as South East Asian countries. A stupa is a monument shaped
in the form of the sitting Buddha. It's a place of devotion and
prayer.
- Slide 51
- Sedona, Arizona However, this one is located elsewhere
- Slide 52
- Some are large Some are small
- Slide 53
- Do you see any similarities to other religions we have
studied?
- Slide 54
- Ancient Indian Dynasties First, lets review what is a dynasty?
A sequence of rulers from the same family or group
- Slide 55
- Keywords Dynasties Maurya Ashoka Gupta Contributions
- Slide 56
- Indian Dynasties Maurya 4 th and 3 rd centuries BCE Descendants
of Aryans 1 st to unite Indian subcontinent Contributed to spread
of Buddhism
- Slide 57
- Most famous emperor Ashoka After seeing the great despair of
war, he turned to Buddhism and set out to spread the faith
- Slide 58
- Extent of Mauryan Empire at its peak under Ashoka
- Slide 59
- Gupta Dynasty
- Slide 60
- Ruled during the Golden Age of India Decimal numeral system,
including concept of zero and infinity, invented symbols 1 - 9 1 st
to propose the earth was round
- Slide 61
- Other contributions of Ancient India cotton clothing
- Slide 62
- and the game of chess!
- Slide 63
- India became a crossroads of culture. What do you think this
means? Why would India be a crossroads of culture? Which
cultures?
- Slide 64
- Keywords Crossroads Why What Who Traded
- Slide 65
- Crossroads place where people, goods, and ideas from many areas
come together
- Slide 66
- Because of physical location, became a crossroads for trading
routes
- Slide 67
- Either by land or by sea - travelers from China, Africa, Europe
and the Middle East crossed over and stopped in India during their
travels
- Slide 68
- Crossroads of Culture Goods, ideas, knowledge, and religious
beliefs spread
- Slide 69
- Just a bit more and then were finished!
- Slide 70
- Kalidasa Ancient Indias most famous poet and playwright 170 BC
and before 634 AD
- Slide 71
- Ponder Many of his writings were on the subject of forbidden
love the love between two people of different classes. Why do you
think this was a favorite subject for him and those who enjoyed his
writings?
- Slide 72
- Keywords Spice Islands and Spice Trade Area today Effect on
India Decline
- Slide 73
- What is now Indonesia and islands off the coast of East Africa
- Zanzibar, Mafia, and Pemba
- Slide 74
- Spice Islands For hundreds of years, spices were considered
luxury commodities, thus this spice trade made India a very rich
country Decline of spice trade - once France and Britain smuggled
seeds from India and began growing these spices in their own
colonies, they no longer needed to trade with India for these
commodities
- Slide 75
- Believe it or not Continue to words to know
- Slide 76
- Indus River Civilization Harappan Civilization Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa Aryans Hinduism Vedas Karma Reincarnation Caste System
Untouchables Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama 4 Noble Truths Eightfold
Path Dynasties Mauryan Dynasty Ashoka Gupta Dynasty Crossroads
Kalidasa Spice Islands Ganges River
- Slide 77
- Indus River Civilization ancient civilization found along the
Indus River in what is today Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
Harappan Civilization another name for the Indus River Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro ancient city of the Indus River Civilization Harappa
ancient city of the Indus River Civilization Aryans people who
migrated from southern Russia into the Indus River Valley Hinduism
worlds oldest religion, believes in Karma and reincarnation
- Slide 78
- Vedas holy book of Hinduism Karma an idea that ones actions
determines what will happen after ones death Reincarnation after
death, ones soul is reborn into a different body Caste System
inherited social class Untouchables class of people inferior to the
4 major classes Buddhism religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama,
believes in karma and reincarnation, rejected caste system, guided
by 4 noble truths and eightfold path
- Slide 79
- Siddhartha Gautama Indian prince who became Buddha and founded
Buddhism 4 Noble Truths 4 truths to guide Buddhists in everyday
life in order to reach Nirvana Eightfold Path instructions to guide
Buddhists in everyday life in order to reach Nirvana Dynasties a
sequence of rulers from the same family or group Mauryan Dynasty
first dynasty to unite all of the Indian subcontinent and helped
spread Buddhism Ashoka famous emperor of Mauryan dynasty
- Slide 80
- Gupta Dynasty ancient Indian dynasty that ruled during the
Golden Age of Ancient India Crossroads place where people, goods,
and ideas from many places come together Kalidasa famous ancient
India poet and playwright Spice Islands islands of present-day
Indonesia and off the coast of East Africa where spices were grown
and traded with Europeans Ganges River river in India important to
Hindus believe water purifies one from sins and aids dead with
transition to another body or heaven