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Dublin, June, 2013
Pascal Bergeret, Krijn J. Poppe, Kevin Heanue
An update of contributions by the SCAR cwg
AKIS
Horizon 2020 and CAP towards 2020
Content of the presentation
Summary of findings CWG AKIS –
1 ●
from presentation at EIP event March 7, 2012.
Mandate and progress CWG AKIS –
2
Pro-AKIS
Discussion
TWO VIEWS ON INNOVATION POLICY (SMITS ET AL, 2010)Mainstream macro-economics Institutional and evolutionary economics:
Systems of InnovationMain assumptions Equilibrium
Perfect information
Dis-equilibrium
Asymetric
informationFocus Allocation of resources for invention
Individuals
Interaction in innovation processes
Networks and frame conditionsMain policy Science / research policy Innovation policyMain rationale Market failure Systemic problemsGovernment intervenes to provide public goods
mitigate externalities
reduce barriers to entry
eliminate inefficient market structures
solve problems in the system
facilitate creation new systems
facilitate transition and avoid lock-in
induce changes in the supporting structure for innovation: create institutions and support networking
main strengths of policies designed under this paradigm
clarity and simplicity
analysis based on long term trends of science-based indicators
context specific
involvement of all policies related to innovation
holistic approach to innovation
main weaknesses of policies designed under this paradigm
linear model of innovation
(institutional) framework conditions are not explicitly considered
difficult to implement
lack of indicators for analysis and evaluation of policy
3
THE FINDINGS FROM THE SCAR –
AKIS REPORT
• AKIS is originally a theoretical concept (based in observations) that is relevant to describe national or regional AKIS: they exist
• AKIS are quite different between countries / regions
• Some countries have restructured their AKIS considerably
• AKIS components are governed by quite different incentives
• AKIS are governed by public policy but consistent AKIS policies
do not
exist
• Monitoring of AKIS (input, system, output) is fragmented
• The high level of attention to “innovation”
in the policy domain and the
lack of research for evidence-based policy are inconsistent.
• Take different motives for research into account in research management
4SCAR COLLABORATIVE WORKING GROUP AKIS
5SCAR COLLABORATIVE WORKING GROUP AKIS
Table S.1 Two types of motivation for research
Aspect Science driven research Innovation driven researchIncentive to program a topic Emerging science that can contribute to
solving a societal issue (or a scientific question)
An issue / problem in society that can be solved by new research, or a new idea to solve an existing issue
Participation of users In demonstration phase / via research dissemination
In agenda setting, defining the problem and during the research process
Quality criteria Scientific quality Relevance (for the sector or a region)Focus Research organisations Networks of producers and users of
knowledge
Diffusion model Linear model System (network) approachType of government policy Science / Research Policy Innovation PolicyEconomic line of thinking (see table 2.1)
Macro-economics Systems of innovation
Finance To a large extent public money: more speculative and large spill over effects
Public-private partnerships very possible / advantageous
The role of the EU Efficiency of scale (member states often too small), smart specialisation between member states, create European research market with harmonisation of hard-
and soft infrastructures
Stimulate interaction and learning in Europe between national/regional AKIS.Enable in CAP innovation by networks with farmers
Typical EU examples Horizon 2020, FP7, ERC, some ERAnets, Joint Programming Initiatives
CAP: European Innovation Partnership, LEADER, European Technology Platforms, EIPs, some ERAnets
Type of research Interdisciplinary with absorption capacity in AKIS (to work with material science, ICT, chemistry etc.).
Transdisciplinary
and translational with close inertactions.
DIFFERENT MOTIVES NEED TO BE ADDRESSED
Different objectives, methods, and public rolesManagement of interaction needed
Link with EU proposals
TARGET GROUPS
Innovation: 3 mln 75%
Social Innovation: 6
mln 1.6%
Knowledge transfer?
Some new farm systems
Role of EU policy
The overall direction to foster smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is very welcome, and raises expectations
Be clear on the motives for research programmes – especially Horizon 2020 could have several program lines
(basic science, science-driven and innovation driven-R&D in PPP, cross overs, harmonisation infrastructures, intra-
EU transfer, policy support, etc.)
Be aware that the CAP has had a ‘centralist’
character for 50 years, innovation is local. Be aware that a lot of your money will be wasted –
and otherwise you are crowding
out markets. Organise monitoring (renew FADN)
Innovation is a business strategy that should be in line with the food chain strategy and regional strategy. In the EU it will help smart specialisation
In conclusion
Mandate CWG AKIS-2 (main points)
Best practices in promoting innovation through operational groups, transfer this experience in Europe; how is it possible to improve significantly the exchange of knowledge within Europe ? How to promote education and training as a central element of innovation policy ?
Recommendations on how to link effectively Rural Development Programmes with research activities in Horizon 2020, the EraNets, JPIs, etc..? Could researchers be more incentivised
to interact with farmers
and enterprises ? On what criteria can we evaluate research, other than academic excellence ?
Act as an advisory group to the EIP network facility and to guide the work of FP7 programmes tackling the issue of AKIS, like the SOLINSA and ProAKIS
projects etc.
Activities: 6 workshops
Brussels –
Flemish government (2012) develop working plan
Brussels –
Spanish government (2012) what is an operational group, what not, how could it work ?
Rome (November 2012) innovative innovation policies
The Hague (January 2013) on the concept of thematic networks and innovation themes for the EIP
Helsinki (April 2013) on cross border cooperation and on ICT to support innovation processes
Dublin (June 2013) on incentives for research and others to participate in the EIP; how to link EIP-Horizon2020; Participation in the Dublin conference on farm advisory services
Two studies commissioned (from PRO AKIS budget)
Competitive call launched in January
The role of ICT in fostering innovation: an analyses of best practices and recommendations for the EIP (ICROFS)
How to evaluate researchers and incentivize
them to participate in innovation projects in partnership with other stakeholders (FIBL)
Will be substantial chapters in the end report / policy brief
Finalising the work
Interesting material also comes from FP7 projects:
●
Solinsa
●
PRO AKIS
●
Valerie
Draft report or policy brief to be written this summer
Publication around December 1 by DG Research ?
An event for presentation ??
2014: SCAR cwg
AKIS-3 ???
Planned
results:
•Tools and methods for practitioners that are involved in learning and innovation in agriculture
•Recommendations on policy instruments and financial arrangements that support learning and
innovation for sustainable agriculture
•Concepts to reflect on learning and innovation processes as drivers of transition to
sustainable rural
development
More information:
www.solinsa.net; contact:
heidrun.moschitz@fibl.org
Funded by European Commission GA 311994
Prospects for Farmers‘ Support: Advisory Services in European AKIS
(PRO AKIS)
EU FP 7 coordination and support action
A brief project presentation
Farmers are facing changing political conditions and a strong pressure from markets and citizens to adjust and to innovate. They need timely access to knowledge and information, to training and education and to facilitating and supporting services.
It is the overall purpose of PRO AKIS to contribute to the performance of advisory services within the European AKIS so that they can better provide relevant and reliable knowledge to farmers and other rural actors.
Brief project presentation 17
Introduction and objectives
We understand advisory services as the entire set of organizations that will enable the farmers to co-produce farm-related solutions by establishing service relationships with advisers so as to produce knowledge, exchange information, and enhance skills.
We understand agricultural knowledge and information or innovation systems as concepts that represent linkages between people and institutions to promote mutual learning and generate, share, and utilize agriculture related technology, knowledge, information and innovation.
We use this concept with an infrastructural view to highlight the presence and interactions of actors and the infrastructures that govern the behavior of actors in knowledge exchange and innovation processes in the course of time.
Brief project presentation 18
Definitions
PRO AKIS will
1.Develop a conceptual framework on advisory services within AKIS
2.Elaborate an inventory of AKIS institutions and interaction in the EU-27
3.Study and assess patterns of advisory services and knowledge flows, in particular
small-scale farmers‘ access to relevant and reliable knowledge
linkages and gaps between research systems and farming practices
scientific research and farmers‘ demands for knowledge
Rural networks to enhance innovation processes
4. Integrate expert panel‘s feedback and participatively assess project‘s outputs
5. Assure broad dissemination of findings and provide evidence- based policy recommendations
PRO AKIS work package structure
Brief project presentation 19
Activities and work packages
• a conceptual framework for the assessment of the manifold AKIS in Europe
• an inventory of AKIS institutions and interactions in the EU-27 as a searchable database
• comparative analyses and assessments of successes, strengths and weaknesses of specific knowledge systems through case studies
• increased international and inter-regional exchange of AKIS stakeholders on the performance of advisory services within the various AKIS in Europe and
• policy recommendations for strengthening European agricultural innovation systems
Brief project presentation 20
Expected results
University of Agriculture, Krakow (UAK)
Knowledge Centre for Agriculture (VFL)
Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) &
James-Hutton Institute (JHI)
Agricultural University Plovdiv (AUP)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
University Trás-o-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
Brief project presentation 21
University of Hohenheim
The consortium partners
Website: www.proakis.eu
krijn.poppe@wur.nl
Thanks for your attention
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