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An Introduction to Completing a NERC PRC-019-2 Study
For Synchronous and Distributed Generation Sources
PRESENTED BY: MATTHEW MANLEY
TEXAS A&M PROTECTIVE RELAYING CONFERENCE
MARCH 26-29 , 2018
Presentation Goals
Describe the PRC-019-2 reliability standard
Overview a typical synchronous generation PRC-019 study
Explain the impact of applying PRC-019 to include asynchronous generation facilities
Show an interpretation of how to demonstrate compliance for asynchronous generation facilities
Challenges and lessons learned
2
NERC Reliability Standards
• Developed in response to the 2003 Northeast United States Blackout
• Goal to improve the performance and reliability of the bulk electric power system (BES)
• Compliance requirements are typically clearly defined
• Protection and Control (PRC)
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NERC PRC-019-2
◦PRC-019-2: Coordination of Generating Unit or Plant Capabilities, Voltage Regulating, Controls, and Protection
◦ Rev. 2 adopted by NERC board of trustees Nov. ’15
◦Purpose-“verify coordination of generating unit facility or synchronous condenser voltage regulating controls, limit functions, equipment capabilities and protection system settings.”
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PRC-019-2 Requirements
1.1.1“The in-service limiters are set to operate before the
Protection System of the applicable Facility in order to
avoid disconnecting the generator unnecessarily.”
R1 1.1.2 “The applicable in-
service Protection System devices are set to operate to
isolate or de-energize equipment in order to limit the extent of damage when operating conditions exceed
equipment capabilities or stability limits.”
R1 Resubmit PRC-019-2
documentation within 90 calendar days of applicable
equipment or setting change
R2
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Examples of Coordination Evidence
P-Q Diagram
R-X Diagram
Inverse Time Diagram
Equivalent tables
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Examples of Equipment Capabilities, Limiters, and Protection Functions
Field over-excitation
Inverter overcurrent
Field under-excitation
Generator reactive capabilities
Volts per hertz limiter and protection functions
Stator over-voltage protection
Generator volts per hertz capability
Transformer volts per hertz capability
Time vs. field current
Time vs. stator current
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Synchronous Generator Study Process
Facility Data
Collection
Data Review Plot Data
Mitigate Non-
Compliant Settings
Write Report
Describing Compliance
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Generator capability
Limiter settings
Protection settings
GSU & generator Volts/Hertz capabilities
Voltage regulation system manual
One and three line diagrams
Facility Data Required
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Compliant P-Q Plot
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Non-Compliant P-Q Plot
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Suggested Settings P-Q Plot
Final ReportAll conclusions from study in single, cohesive reportProgress from high-level summary to detailed discussionReport should assist in generating audit worksheetReport will have a range of audiencesDocument as-found and suggested settings if mitigation was necessary
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What about Asynchronous Generators?
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◦ Revision of the bulk electric power system (BES) definition◦ Includes dispersed generating facilities as applicable facilities
◦ NERC PRC-019 Revision 2◦ Addition of 4.2.3.1 identifies dispersed power producing resources, even where voltage
regulating control is performed solely at the individual generating unit is included as applicable facilities.
◦ What are typical Asynchronous Generators?◦ Solar PV◦ Wind Turbines (Type I, II, III, IV)
◦ Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Generators
Distributed or Asynchronous Generation Facilities
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Asynchronous Facility Analysis
Plant level controls
Combined Generators
Individual WTG
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WTG diagram
WTG characteristics
Rotor power output limit
Converter power output limit
Short and long time total power output limits
Main Breaker Protection Settings
GSU protection settings
Individual WTG Data
Type IWTGTCC
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Type III WTGTCC
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Combined Generator Analysis
Combined Generators
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One and three line diagrams
Feeder protection settings
Collector/GSU protection settings
VAR support protection settings
Capacitor bank ratings
Combined WTG Data
Collector & GSUTCC
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Plant Level Control Analysis
Plant level controls
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VAR Control Schemes
VAR Control Region(If MW Output > 4.0)
Capacitors Online If Power Flow Is > 30 MW
First Bank Switched In When Real Power Flow > 45 MW)
Second Bank Switched In When Power Flow > 70MW
125% p.u.
70.3% p.u.
Line Relays Trip GSU Offline
0% p.u.
Capacitors Tripped Offline
WTG Trip Offline 120% p.u.
High Voltage Control (Trip Caps While In Band)
110% p.u.
Deadband
1.2 p.u.
0.9 p.u.
Feeder & GSU Short Time Overvoltage Trip
Capacitor Undervoltage Trip
1.15 p.u.
Cap Bank, Feeder, & GSU Long Time Overvoltage Trip
1.1 p.u.
1.01 p.u.
0.99 p.u.
Slow Voltage Control Region
Slow Voltage Control Region
1.045 p.u.
0.955 p.u.
0.8 p.u.
0.5 p.u.
Fast Voltage Control Region
Feeder Undervoltage Trip
Fast Voltage Control RegionWTG Long Time Overvoltage Trip
WTG Medium TimeOvervoltage Trip
WTG Short TimeOvervoltage Trip
WTG Inst TimeOvervoltage Trip
1.25 p.u.
Voltage ControlPower Flow Control
Deadband
1.2 p.u.
0.9 p.u.
Feeder & GSU Short Time Overvoltage Trip
Capacitor Undervoltage Trip
1.15 p.u.
Cap Bank, Feeder, & GSU Long Time Overvoltage Trip
1.1 p.u.
1.01 p.u.
0.99 p.u.
Slow Voltage Control Region
Slow Voltage Control Region
1.045 p.u.
0.955 p.u.
0.8 p.u.
0.5 p.u.
Fast Voltage Control Region
Feeder Undervoltage Trip
Fast Voltage Control Region
WTG Long Time Overvoltage Trip
WTG Medium TimeOvervoltage Trip
WTG Short TimeOvervoltage Trip
WTG Inst TimeOvervoltage Trip
1.25 p.u.
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Voltage Coordination Plot
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Regulatory Interpretation
• Justify your interpretation to compliance auditor
• Documentation requirements can vary by regulatory district
• Focus on walking compliance auditor through study process to arrive at the same conclusions
Challenges & Lessons Learned
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Data Availability
• Data lost, poor readability, or never delivered
• Atypical data forms
• Data required from manufactures considered proprietary
Challenges & Lessons Learned
Generation Owner/Operator
Generator Manufacturer
Engineer Performing Study
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Additional Questions
• Coordination of volts/hertz protection of the GSU transformer
• GSU Volts/Hertz equipment capability
• Capacitor bank equipment capability
• Tolerance of VAR support system (demonstrate the active voltage band for control)
• Coordination graphs showing VAR/Voltage control scheme, relay settings, and relevant equipment capabilities.
Challenges & Lessons Learned
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Plan Ahead
Keep it Simple
Take it Slow
Combine Studies
Conclusions
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Questions?
An Introduction to Completing a NERC PRC-019-2 Study�For Synchronous and Distributed Generation SourcesPresentation GoalsNERC Reliability Standards���NERC PRC-019-2PRC-019-2 RequirementsExamples of Coordination EvidenceExamples of Equipment Capabilities, �Limiters, and Protection FunctionsSynchronous Generator Study ProcessFacility Data RequiredCompliant P-Q PlotSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Final ReportDistributed or Asynchronous Generation FacilitiesAsynchronous Facility AnalysisIndividual WTG Data�Type I�WTG�TCC��Type III WTG�TCC�Combined Generator AnalysisCombined WTG Data�Collector & GSU�TCC�Plant Level Control AnalysisVAR Control SchemesSlide Number 24Challenges & Lessons LearnedChallenges & Lessons LearnedChallenges & Lessons LearnedConclusionsQuestions?
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