Amsterdam: Zuidas Precedent Study

Holland

:Randstad

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

ZuidAs

HollandreferstothewesternregionoftheNetherlands.TheetymologyofHollandcomesfromtheMiddleDutchtermholtland(woodedland).

ManyareasofHollandarebelowsealevel,requiringconstantdrainage.ThisleadtotheubiquitousDutchwindmills,usedforpumpingwater.

Hollandcontainsfourmajorcities,Am-sterdamandUtrechtintheNoordvleugel(NorthWing),andTheHagueandRotterdamintheZuidvleugel(SouthWing).

ThesefournodeslinkwithothercitiestoformtheRands-tad(rimcity).TheRandstadhasseenmanyproposalsovertheyearstolinktheregionthroughhighspeedrailandinter-nationalmotorways.

Over7.5millionpeople,orhalfthepopulationoftheNetherlands,livealongtheRandstad.

TheHague

Rotterdam

Utrecht

Amsterdam

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amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs

BerlAge

ZuidAs

Amsterdamisthecap-italandlargestcityintheNetherlands.IncludingtheRands-tadcities,AmsterdamisthesixthlargestgreatermetropolitanareainEurope.

TheearliestmentionofAmsterdamisOcto-ber27,1275.EarlyinhabitantshadbuiltabridgewithadamacrosstheriverAm-stel.

Amsterdam’shistoryofforeignoccupationandsubsequentinde-pendencehasproducedaculturelargelytolerateofvariousfaiths.

TheGoldenAgeofAmsterdamoccurredinthe17thCent.thankstotheirworldwidetradeconnections.

Amsterdam’smostde-finingfeatureisitsGrachtengordel(se-riesofthreecanals)

ThethreeplaguesofAmsterdamarere-flectedontheircity’scoatofarmsasthreecrosses(flood,fire,&pestilence).

MajorHighways MajorWaterways FifteenBoroughsofAmsterdam

1342 1383

1544 1597

1667

DevelopmentoftheGrachtengordel HollAnd

amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs

BerlAge

ZuidAs

Amsterdam’sGoldenAge(1585-1672)re-flectedtheirpowerasEurope’smostdomi-nanttradinghub.

1stCent.BC

12BC

4thCent.AD

814

10thCent.

1275

1287

1296

1300

1506

1555-1579

1581

Frisians,Batavians,andothertribessettlethecoastalterri-toryalongtheRhineRiver

Romansattempttopushtheirem-pire’sfrontieracrosstheRhine

BarbarianinvasionsfromtheSax-onsandFrankssettletheregion

ThedeathofCharlemagnecreatesapowervacuumwithinhisempire

ThecountsofHollandandZeelandbegintoasserttheirauthorityintheregionCountFlorisVofHollandgrantsthepeopleof‘Aemstelledamme’toll-exemptionfromnavigatingHolland’scanals

TheLordsofAmsterdamassissinateCountFlorisandrevertbacktotheruleoftheBishopofUtrecht

AheavystormwashesawaythelastlandbarrierbetweenAmsterdamandthesea

Amsterdamofficiallydeclaredacity

AmsterdamisinheritedbyCharlesV,KingofSpain

TheProtestantReformationtakesholdinAmsterdam,resultinginabreakfromSpainandCatholicism,culminatingintheAlterationofAmsterdam(1578)

TheUnitedProvincesdeclarestheirindependencefromSpain

FacadeConstructionbyCentury

pre-1700 1700-1800

1800-1900

Composite

1900-present

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amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs

BerlAge

ZuidAs

GermanyoccupiedAmsterdaminWWII,withover100,000Jewsbeingdeported,includ-ingAnneFrank.

1602 TheUnitedEastIndiaCompanyisfounded

1609

1626

1652

1673

1747

1795

1813

1853

1920

1904

1928

1934

HenryHudson,workingfortheEastIndiaCompany,sailsfromAmsterdamanddiscoversManhattanisland

NewAmsterdamisfoundedinAmerica

CapeTownisfoundedinSouthAf-rica

WilliamofOrangedefeatsinvadingFrenchbyopeningsluicegatestofloodthecountryside

RiotsforgovernmentalreformbreakoutinAmsterdam

TheNetherlandsgainsitsindepen-dencefromFrance

TheVelvetRevolutiontakesplaceastheFrenchoccupyAmsterdamwiththeaidofDutchrevolutionaries

KLM,theworld’sfirstairline,schedulesservicebetweenAmsterdamandLondon

Amsterdam’scitycouncilasksBer-lagetodesigntheundevelopedlandtothesouthofAmsterdam

VincentvanGoghisborninHolland

AmsterdamhoststheSummerOlympics

TheAfsluitdijk(EnclosureDike)turnstheseanearAmsterdamintothefreshwaterLakeIJsselmeer

1544 1662

19221866

1770

HistoricalMaps HollAnd

amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs

BerlAge

ZuidAs

Thegrachtengodelwasusedasadefensemechanism,transportationsystem,andfloodcontrol.

1949

1958

1964

1975

1997

2001

2002

2008

2010

2035

TheNetherlandsjoinsNATO

TheNetherlandsjoinstheEu-ropeanEconomicCommunity,anearlyversionoftheEuropeanUnion

TheBeatlestourAmsterdam’scanals

Amsterdamdecriminilizescannabisusageinits700thyearasacity

TheTreatyofAmsterdammarkstheeuroastheofficialEuropeancommoncurrency

Theworld’sfirstlegalsame-sexmarriagetakesplaceinAmsterdam

TheDutchparliamentmarkstheNetherlandsasthefirstcountryintheworldtolegalizeeuthanasia

PlanspushforwardtobuildtheZuidasurbanbusinesscenter,withanestimated2.5millionm2devel-opment

ConstructionisunderwayontheDokmodel,wherethenewRandstadinfrastructureislocatedbelowgroundbetweentheZuidashigh-rises

EstimatedcompletionoftheDok-model

1942

1945

AnneFrankgoesintohiding

CanadiansoldiersliberateAm-sterdamfromtheNazioccupation

1940 NaziGermanyinvadesAmsterdam

1BosenLommer

2Westerpark

3DeBaarsjes

4Oud-West

Oost/Waterfraafsmeer

Zeeburg

Noord

Westpoort

Geuzenveld/Slotermeer

Osdorp

Slotervaart

12

34

Zuidoost

Centrum Center

Oud-Zuid OldSouth

Zuideramstel SouthernAmstel

Zuidas SouthAxis

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amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs

BerlAge

ZuidAs

Amsterdamisdividedintofifteenbor-oughs,witheachboroughcontainingsev-eralneighborhoods.

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922

ZuidAs

In1901alawwaspassedthatsoughttoregulateovercrowdinginAmsterdambygivingfinan-cialsupporttocorporationsthatbuiltaffordablepublichousingfortheirworkers.ThisleadtoBerlage’sPlanZuid(South)andPlanWest.

HendrikBerlageisconsideredtobethefatherofModernDutchArchitecture.HisinfluencesincludedH.H.RichardsonandFrankLloydWright.HisworkinspiredmanyDutcharchitecturegroupsinthe1920s,includingDeStijilandtheAmsterdamSchool.

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AmsterdAm

Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922

ZuidAs

Berlage’sinitialplanforthesouthernexpansionin1904includedwindingstreetsandastrongconnec-tiontotheexistingfabric.Thecitycouncilre-jectedhisplanduetohighcostandinefficiency.

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922

ZuidAs

In1914Berlageintroducedanewplan,thistimewithstraightstreetsandbroadintersections.Theplanwasasuccess,withconstructionapprovedin1917,followingthestyleoftheAmsterdamSchool.

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AmsterdAm

Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922

ZuidAs

AmajorfeatureoftheplanwasTheApolloarea,whichincludedthe1928Olympicstadium.However,notallofBerlage’splanswerebuiltaccordingtoplan,asevidencedbythesouthernedgeoftheplan.

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AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

ThismapshowsareaswheretheOud-ZuidmeetstheZuideramstel.Themomentsalloccuralongintersectionsofinfrastructure,andservetohighlightAmsterdam’seffortstocapitalizespacesthatwouldordinarilybeleftunused.

Railroad MotorwayLightRail Canal

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

TheeasternedgeoftheApolloareaishighlightedbyBerlage’splanforconnectingcanalstocreateopen,publicspacesofwater.

LightRail

Canal

Borough

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

OneofthemajorfeaturescarriedoverfromBrelage’splan,thisin-tersectionincorporatesmultiplelayersoftransportationwithpub-licgreenspaceforresidents.

LightRail

Canal

Borough

GreenSpace

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

AlongtheAmstelRiver,bikesandboatsaregivenpriority.TheyservetosimultaneouslylinkAmsterdam’sparks,canals,andhistorictrailsacrossthemotorway.

LightRail

Canal

Railroad

Borough

GreenSpace

Motorway

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AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

Amsterdamhascreatedtransitstationsthatcansupporttransporta-tionatavarietyofscales.Thisimagehighlightstheefficiencyofspaceandforesightinplanning.

LightRail

Canal

Motorway

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

StationRaiisamajortransithubforbothtrainandlightrail.Itbridgesovertocreateamulti-layeredsystemofdepartureandar-rival.

LightRail

Canal

Motorway

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

ThemostsignificantdevelopmentistheZuidasbusinessdistrict.Ithasbecomethehometoanumberofmajorinternationalcorporations.Thefabricbetweenthemotorwaysisfinelygrained,allowingforfuturemodificationstotheexistinginfrastructurewithminimalinterference.

LightRail

Canal

Motorway

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

ThesetwoplansarefortheZuidasbusinessdistrictandsurroundingcommu-nities.Constructioniscurrentlyongoingtocreateaninternationalhubforbusinessandtransportation,linkingtotheSchipholairportandtherestofEuropethroughtheRandstad’shighspeedraillinesandmotorways.

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

HollAnd

AmsterdAm

BerlAge

Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid

Berlage’splanfortheZuidwastoex-pandtheboundariesofAmsterdam.Hedidsothroughweavingthefabricfoundwithinthegrachtengordelwithanewframeworksothatfutureconnectionswouldbepossible.

TheZuidasisbecomingthefocalpointforbusinessinAmsterdamandalongtheRand-stad.Thatanareabisectedbyahighwayandrailiscomingtogetherasaninter-nationalbusinesshubspeakstothefore-sightofBerlageandthespiritofAmster-dam.