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Amphibians
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Amphibians AMPHIBIAN=GREEK FOR
AMPHIBIOS WHICH MEANS
DOUBLE LIFE
ECTOTHERMIC VERTEBRATES
HIBERNATE OR ESTIVATEDEPENDING ON CLIMATE
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Three Orders of Amphibia
Anura-fr!" an# $a#"
Ur#%&a-"a&a'an#%r" an# n%($"
E&n!a$%# )#*%" an# $a*&"
+un! ,a% !*&&"-"'% a#u&$" r%$a*n $,%'
A.#a-/a%/*&*an" Tr.*/a&0 )urr(*n! a'.,*)*an"
L%!&%""0 (r'&*1%
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4 Characteristics of Amphibians
L%!"-*'.r$an$ %&u$*n fr &**n! n&an#2 /a%/*&*an" ,a% &"$ $,%*r &%!" a"
$,%3 a#a.$%# $ )urr(*n! %4*"$%n/% Lun!"-&ara% ,a% !*&&" '"$ a#u&$"
)r%a$, (*$, a .a*r f &un!" (*$, $,%
%4/%.$*n f &un!&%"" "a&a'an#%r" Par$*a&&3 #**#%# ,%ar$-a$r*u' *" #**#%#0)u$ $,% %n$r*/&% *" n$2
Cu$an%u" r%".*ra$*n -'"$ "u..&%'%n$43!%n u.$a1% )3 r%".*r*n! $,ru!, "1*n
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Lungs Lun!" ar% *n$%rna& -a&&(" %4/,an!% f43!%n an# /ar)n #*4*#% )%$(%%n) an# a*r
Gr%a$%r $,% "urfa/% ar%a $,% !r%a$%r $,%a'un$ f 43!%n /an )% a)"r)%#
Lun!" ar% n$ a" %ff*/*%n$ a" !*&&"0 )u$
$,%r% *" 'r% 43!%n *n a*r $,an *n (a$%r" &un!" # n$ ,a% $ )% a" %ff*/*%n$
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Double Loop
Circulation Du% $ '*n! $ &an# an# r%5u*r*n!
'r% 43!%n fr $,%*r 'u"/&%"0
a'.,*)*an" #%%&.%# a #u)&% &. *n$,%*r /*r/u&a$r3 "3"$%'
A'.,*)*an" ,a% .u&'nar3 %*n" $,a$
#%&*%r 43!%n r*/, ) )a/1 $ $,%,%ar$ an# $,%n $ $,% r%'a*n#%r f $,%
)#3
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Double Loop Circulation
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Amphibian Heart S*nu" %n"u" #%&*%r" ) $ $,% r*!,$a$r*u'
S%.$u' "%.ara$%" $,% a'.,*)*an ATRIUM
*n$ r*!,$ an# &%f$ ,a&%" S%.$u' .r%%n$" $,% '*4*n! f 43!%n .r
an# 43!%n r*/, )
B$, $3.%" f ) ar% #u'.%# *n$ $,%%n$r*/&%
Cnu" ar$%r*"u" ,a" a ".*ra& a&% $,a$ ,%&."$ 1%%. $,% ) "'%(,a$ "%.ara$%
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Amphibian Reproduction
R%5u*r% (a$%r )%/au"% %!!" &a/1
",%&&" $ .r%%n$ (a$%r &"" E4$%rna& F%r$*&*6a$*n-f%'a&%
r%&%a"%" %!!" an# 'a&% f%r$*&*6%"
%4$%rna&&3-/a&&%# a'.&%4u" C'.&%$% '%$a'r.,"*"-%!!0
$a#.&%0 3un! fr!0 a#u&$ fr!
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cold blood cold blood
smooth or slimy skin warty and dry skin
Vs.
Frogs have: Toads have:
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AnuranDiversity
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Frogs and Toads
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Amphibian Habitats
r*%r" an# "$r%a'"
&a1%"0 .n#"0 'ar",%"
!ra""&an#"
fr%"$"
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Why We Care
1. Amphibians are a part of theplanets bio-diversity.
2.Amphibiansinterat ininteresting !ays
!ith eah other andthe environment"i.e. both prey and
predators
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Why We Care
#. Amphibians provide benefits toh$mans i.e. Gastric Broodin !ro o" A#stralia
miht ha$e pro$ided answers "or peoples#""erin "rom astric #lcers
%&ase o" the Vanishin !ros, '. (alliday and ). *. (eyer+.
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%. Frogs As &io-indiators
+ do#ble li"e--amphibio#s2+ permeable skin3+ absorb and concentrate toins--
biomani"ication
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%. Frogs As &io-indiators
Biomani"ication/ a process in which retaineds#bstances become more concentratedwith each link in the "ood chain
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'alformed Amphibians
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()ternal 'alformations
etra or missin limbs
branchin limbs
spikes or prot#berances
missin eyes
abnormal webbin
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*nternal 'alformations
reprod#cti$e
diesti$e
#rinary
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'alformed Frog +it$res
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1r. 1a$id (oppe, Uni$ersity o" innesota-orris
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1r. 1a$id (oppe, Uni$ersity o" innesota-orris
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1r. 1a$id (oppe, Uni$ersity o" innesota-orris
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1r. 1a$id (oppe, Uni$ersity o" innesota-orris
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Ca$ses of 'alformations
enetic oriins
parasite disr#ption o" limb "ormation chemical contamination $ir#ses #ltra$iolet radiation
physical tra#ma %predation,people+
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'rematode %"latworm+ cysts ha$e beendemonstrated to ca#se problems in limb b#dde$elopment in tadpoles
1r. Stanley . Sessions, (artwick &ollee
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1r. Stanley . Sessions, (artwick &ollee
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+ossible Chemial Contaminants
Arochemicals
hea$y metals
acid rain
chloro"l#orocarbons %&!&s+
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Types of Agrohemials
herbiidesaneb-"#nicide
pestiides propylthio#rea
fertili,ers1r. Stanley . Sessions,(artwick &ollee
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Types of Agrohemials
applications o" theherbicide atra4ineha$e led to emortality andtadpole de"ormities
%(a4elwood 950+
1r. Stanley . Sessions,(artwick &ollee
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Where have all the frogs gone/
0lobal Amphibian eline
a concern d#rin the past decade
"ro declines widespread and well-doc#mented
possible ca#ses incl#de habitat
destr#ction, increased UV radiation,and chemical contamination
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0lobal +op$lation elines
8oss o" habitat
"rom "illin in wetlands to createmore "armland "or crops, and tob#ild more ho#ses and roads
%&ase o" the Vanishin !ros, '. (alliday and ). *. (eyer+.
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0lobal +op$lation elines
ncreasin #ltra$iolet radiation
:oll#tion by chemicals
Acid rain :athoens
:arasites
ntrod#ction o" non-nati$e species
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0lobal +op$lation elines
Amphibian declines occ#rrin in locations where habitats relati$ely #ndist#rbed.
A#stralia/
Gastric Broodin !rolast seen in wild in9;0s
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0lobal +op$lation elines
onte$erde, &osta *ica/
Golden 'oad
last seen 9;;
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0lobal +op$lation elines
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