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America’s First President. George Washington set many precedents while in office 1789-1797 Watch the following film clip and identify the precedents set. Problems during the Washington Administration. (1789 – 1797). The French Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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America’s First President
George Washington set many precedents while in office 1789-1797
Watch the following film clip and identify the precedents set
Problems during the Washington Administration
(1789 – 1797)
The French Revolution
U.S. and France had signed Treaty of Alliance in 1778 – help to US during American Revolution;
France expected US help during the French Revolution
1793 – President Washington issued Proclamation of Neutrality – not in the best interest of US to choose sides in French Revolution
Treaty with Spain
Spain controlled Florida and Louisiana Territory
Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo)- 1795 Spain gave up claims to land east of
Mississippi River (except Florida) 31st parallel boundary Allowed Americans to use Mississippi River
and port at New Orleans (right of deposit)
Problems with Native Americans
Native Americans did not recognize the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783) & wanted to negotiate with US government over tribal claims
US military forces defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, ending Native American resistance in Ohio
Treaty of Greenville – Miami agreed to give up land in Ohio in exchange for $20,000 in goods, and annual payment of $10,000.
Jay’s Treaty
Negotiated by John Jay (1794) in attempt to resolve issue of British forts that remained in Northwest Territory
British agreed to evacuate these forts Very unpopular with Americans but it did
prevent war between US and Great Britain
What precedents were set during Washington’s Administration?
Washington named a cabinet of advisors Jefferson was named Secretary of State Hamilton was appointed Secretary of the
Treasury Knox became Secretary of War Randolph was named Attorney General
Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 Created 13 Federal District Courts Created 3 Circuit Courts of Appeal Supreme Court would have 1 Chief Justice and 5
Associate Justices Allowed state court decisions to be appealed to
federal court when constitutional issues were raised. Gave the Supreme Court the power to issue a
writ of mandamus (power to order government official to perform duties)
Hamilton helped develop a financial plan for the new nation
Federal assumption of the state debt and full payment of all debt
Creation of a Bank of the United States Protective tariffs to encourage American
industries Excise taxes to raise money (excise tax on
whiskey)
Controversy Resolved through Compromise
Some states objected to the Federal government’s plan to assume payment of the state debt
In a compromise, the states agreed to the repayment of the debt in exchange for relocating the nation’s capital from New York City temporarily to Philadelphia and then to the current location in the District of Columbia
The Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the excise tax on Whiskey
Washington accompanied the troops into Pennsylvania to stop the rebellion and collect the tax by force if necessary
The rebellion collapsed when troops arrived
Compare Shays’ Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion
During Shays’ Rebellion the national government did not have the power to stop the rebellion
(no national army, no national executive)
The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new government under the Constitution did have the power to enforce its laws, with force if necessary
Differing Political Opinions – Views on Government Hamilton
Strong central gov’t
Gov’t by “the rich, the well-born, and the able”
Jefferson Strong state
gov’t Limit power of
national gov’t “The Common
Man”
Funding debts (National & State)
HamiltonFull payment of
federal & state debt
Establish good credit
Jefferson Pay only
national debt Don’t interfere
with state rights
Bank of the United States
Hamilton Support BUS Use the elastic
clause to stretch money related powers
“loose interpretation”
Jefferson Opposed BUS Not in
Constitution Would favor
wealthy “Strict
interpretation”
Excise Tax on Whiskey
Hamilton Support tax Raise money to
pay debt
Jefferson Opposed tax Would hurt
common farmers’ incomes
Basis of the Economy
Hamilton Industry
Jefferson Agriculture
Protective Tariff
HamiltonSupported
would protect American industries from foreign competition
JeffersonOpposed –
would raise prices and wouldn’t benefit common man
Response to the French Revolution
Hamilton Support British
– value of trade Avoid too much
democracy
Jefferson Support French
– we inspired ideas of democracy
Political Party most closely associated with Hamilton
Federalist
Jefferson Democratic-
Republican
Washington set precedents in foreign policy
Issued the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 during the ongoing French Revolution
Neutrality and Isolation become the basis of U.S. Foreign Policy for the next 150 years
Washington’s Foreign Policy (continued)
Treaties signed with England and Spain were intended to maintain peace for the United States Jay’s Treaty with Britain did little to remove
British troops from U.S. soil but kept the U.S. out of war
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain established the right of the U.S. to use the Mississippi River and “right of deposit” at New Orleans
Foreign Policy
Miami Confederacy Use of military force to break the Native
American power and allow westward expansion and settlement
Washington’s Foreign Policy (continued)
Washington’s Farewell Address warned the country of 2 concerns
Avoid political parties – they tend to divide the country
Avoid “entangling” alliances – short term, temporary alliances are better for the country
The 2-term Presidency
Washington set the precedent of serving only 2 terms and then retiring
This precedent was followed by every President up to FDR, who was elected for 4 terms in office
In 1951, the 22nd Amendment to the U.S Constitution made the 2-term Presidency a part of the written Constitution
American History: “Portraits of Power” (video clip)
Why do you think historians rate Washington a “great” President?
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