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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 1
Alternate Test Substrate For ASTM Test Method E2187-09
Dr. Joseph Wanna
SWM Intl.
100 North Point Center East, Suite 600
Alpharetta, GA
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 2
1
2
3
4
Introduction
Stainless Steel 302 Properties
Test Results
Summary
Agenda
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 3
Introduction:
ASTM test method E2187 “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition
Strength of Cigarettes” utilizes Whatman #2 filter paper.
Fire Safety Standard for cigarettes mandates that no more than 25% of cigarettes
give full length burn when tested on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper.
A replacement substrate is desired: uniform, reproducible, low cost, reusable,
multiple suppliers, gives comparable results to Whatman #2 filter paper
NIST identified stainless steel 302 plate that is 0.2mm (0.008 inches) thick1
Testing with one layer of #2 filter paper on top of the plate produced results very
similar to results obtained using 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper1
1Gann, R.; Robbins, A. P.; Guthrie, W. F.; “Alternate Substrate for ASTM E 2187”, ASTM meeting,
San Diego June 25, 2012
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 4
SS 302 Properties
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 5
SS 302 Properties
Property SS 302
Density (lb/in3) 0.29
Specific Heat (BTU/oF/lb 0-100oC) 0.12
Thermal Conductivity (BTU/ft2/hr/oF
at 100oC)
9.4
Composition (%) 0.15C, 17-19Cr, 8-10Ni,
2Mn, 1.0Si, 0.03S, 0.04P
Hardness: based on specified
minimum values for tensile strength
Soft, Half-Hard, Full-Hard
Thickness (inches) (manufacturer
specification)
0.008 ± 0.0005
Thickness (mm) 0.203 ± 0.013
Note: SS 304 has similar properties as SS 302 except it contains less carbon
(0.08%) and higher chromium (19-20%Cr).
SS302 available as sheets or coil
Suppliers with laser cutting tools can provide SS302 cut into 15cm
diameter circles that can fit exactly current filter paper holder
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 6
SS 302 tested from two suppliers
Property SS 302 Supplier #1 Lower 10
Plates
Mid-
Range
Top 10
Plates
Avg. Thickness (avg. of 10 selected plates)
(mm)
0.1994 0.2018 0.2046
Min / Max Thickness (mm) 0.1986 0.2068
Hardness Full-Hardness
Ordered 80 plates from one supplier each plate 15cm diameter cut from flat sheets
Property SS 302 Supplier #2 Soft Half-Hard
Avg. Thickness (mm) 0.2006 0.2054
Min / Max Thickness (mm) 0.1987 / 0.2041 0.2041 / 0.2076
Ordered 40 plates from a second supplier, 20 Soft and 20 Half-Hard at 15cm diameter
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 7
Plot of SS 302 Full-Hard thickness variation supplier #1
Plates used in testing are hi-lighted in red: lowest, middle, and highest 10 plates
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 8
Plot of SS 302 Soft and Half-Hard thickness variation supplier #2
All 20 plates used in testing
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 9
SS plate cut to fit in filter paper holder
No filter paper on top Filter paper on top
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 10
Cigarette results: SE and FLB on SS plate
Below filter paper
after FLB
After using plates is cleaned
with mild detergent and re-used
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 11
Results
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 12
Cigarettes
Three prototype cigarettes were tested each giving three levels of %SE on
10 layers of filter paper according to ASTM E2187-09 Cigarette AA 87%SE (13% FLB)
Cigarette AG 55%SE (45% FLB)
Cigarette AM 15%SE (85% FLB)
Tested a control cigarette with no bands on 10 layers of filter paper and on
SS 302, one replicate (40 cigarettes): 0%SE (100% FLB) on both substrates; all cigarettes burned to completion.
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 13
Results – Full-Hardness SS 302
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 14
%SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard
Results Filter
Paper
Full-Hard
all SS 302
Thin
Plates
Medium
Plate
Thick
Plates
# Replicates (40cig/rep) 6 7 3 1 3
Avg. SE (%) 87.5 90.7 90 87.5 92.5
St. dev. 4.7 2.8 2.5 2.5
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 15
Boxplot %SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard plate
Statistical analysis showed no difference
between results on 10 layer of filter
paper and Full-Hard SS 302 plate
SS 302 Cig AAFIlter Paper Cig AA
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
SE (
%)
Boxplot of FIlter Paper Cig AA, SS 302 Cig AA
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 16
%SE cigarette AG on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard
Results Filter
Paper
Full-Hard
all SS 302
Thin
Plates
Medium
Plates
Thick
Plates
# Replicates (40cig/rep) 5 6 2 2 2
Avg. SE (%) 55.5 67.9 60.0 66.25 77.5
St. dev. 4.1 10.2 14.1 1.8
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 17
Boxplot %SE cigarette AG on filter paper, all SS 302, and thin SS 302 Full-Hard plates
Statistical analysis showed no difference between
results on 10 layer of filter paper and thin Full-Hard
SS 302 plate
Statistical analysis showed there is a difference
between results on 10 layer of filter paper and
Full-Hard SS 302 plate
SS 302 Cig AGFilter Paper Cig AG
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SE (
%)
Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AG, Full Hard all SS 302 Cig AG
Thin SS 302 Cig AGFilter Paper Cig AG
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SE (
%)
Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AG, Thin SS 302 Cig AG
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 18
%SE cigarette AM on filter paper and SS
302 Full-Hard
Results Filter
Paper
Full-Hard
all SS 302
Thin
Plates
Medium
Plates
Thick
Plates
# Replicates
(40cig/rep)
4 4 2 1 1
Avg. SE (%) 15.6 38.8 22.5 57.5 52.5
St. dev. 9.0 19.3 7.1
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 19
Boxplot %SE cigarette AM on filter paper, all SS 302, and thin SS 302 Full-Hard plates
SS 302 Cig AMFilter Paper Cig AM
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SE (
%)
Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AM, SS 302 Cig AM
Thin SS 302 Cig AMFilter Paper Cig AM
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SE (
%)
Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AM, Thin SS 302 Cig AM
Statistical analysis showed no difference
between results on 10 layer of filter paper
and Full-Hard SS 302 plate, but results are
closer for the thin plate
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 20
Results – Soft and Semi-Hard SS 302
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 21
%SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302: Full-Hard, Soft, and Half-Hard
Results Filter
Paper
Full-Hard
SS 302
Soft
SS 302
Half-Hard
SS 302
# Replicates (40cig/rep) 6 7 2 2
Avg. SE (%) 87.5 90.7 68.75 62.5
St. dev. 4.7 2.8 1.8
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 22
%SE cigarette AG on filter paper and SS 302: Full-Hard, Soft, and Half-Hard
Results Filter
Paper
Full-Hard
SS 302
Soft
SS 302
Half-Hard
SS 302
# Replicates (40cig/rep) 5 6 1 1
Avg. SE (%) 55.5 67.9 52.5 37.5
St. dev. 4.1 10.2
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 23
Summary
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 24
Summary
Cigarettes tested on SS 302 with one layer of filter paper gives equivalent
results to tests performed on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper
Best compatibility are Full-Hard SS 302 plates that are ~0.200mm thick
Additional specifications for the SS 302 need to be specified: Thickness tolerances
Hardness
Cut from flat sheets and not coil
SS 302 is available in 15cm diameter
Soft and Half-Hard plates did not give comparable results to those obtained
on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper
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© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 25
Acknowledgments
RJR for preparing the cigarettes
Brian Nguyen – SWM
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