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Algeria Tunisia Morocco. Link to syllabus. Link to Algeria Chronology. Link to World Debt Tables. Link to World Debt Tables. Link to Encyclopedia of the Orient. Link to http://i-cias.com/e.o/index.htm. Map of northern Africa. Algeria Map. Algeria Physical map. Ahmed Ben Balla. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Algeria Tunisia Morocco
Link to syllabus
Link to Algeria Chronology
Link to World Debt Tables
Link to World Debt Tables
Link to Encyclopedia of the Orient
Link to http://i-cias.com/e.o/index.htm
Map of northern Africa
Algeria Map
Algeria Physical map
Ahmed Ben Balla
Born 1916President 1963-65
A soldier in the French armyduring WWII, he was a founderof the FLN. Spent several yearsin French prisons. Criticized forinflated ideological rhetoric.After his overthrow he was keptunder house arrest, then sent into exile until 1990.
Houari Boumedienne
1932-1978
President 1965-1978
Studied at Islamic Institute andat al-Azhar in Cairo. Had become a Coronel in the FLN in1957.Pursued socialisant policies,including nationalization of thepetroleum industry.Died of an obscure blood disease.
Chadli Benjedid
President 1978-1992
Becomes president upon Boumedienne’s death, pursues amore moderate line.
Liamine Zeroual
Born 1932
President 1994-99
General who was chosenPresident by the military.his main assignment was toquell the Islamists – this wasa period of Civil War.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Born 1937President since 1999
Joined FLN upon finishingsecondary school. Served as Foreign Ministerto Ben Balla and Boumedienne.Said to present a more upper-class persona, although he hasmoderate policies towards armed Islamists
Algeria: Real GDP/Capita
Algeria
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
Real
GDP
/cap
ita
Samir Amin, 1931-
Noted Egyptian social scientist. Trained in Paris. Neo-Marxist, believerin self-reliance. Author of: Accumulation On a World Scale, Neo-Colonialism in West Africa, The Arab Nation. Worked for U.N.Economic Committee of Africa.
Algeria: Inflation
Algeria
-50
51015
2025
3035
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Infla
tion
Algeria: Land UseAlgeria: Land Use
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Hect
ares
Land use, arable land(hectares)
Land use, irrigatedland (hectares)
Algeria: Ag outputAlgeria: Agricultural GDP
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Log
Ag
Out
put
Algeria: Debt Service RatiosAlgeria: Debt Service Ratios
0
20
40
60
80
100
1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
0
5
10
15
20
25
Total debt service (%of exports of goodsand services)
Total debt service (%of GNI)
Algeria: Foreign AidAlgeria: Foreign Aid
0
5
10
15
20
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Aid
(% o
f GNI
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Aid
per c
apita
($)
Aid (% of GNI)
Aid per capita(current US$)
Seasonal labor migration in French North Africa, 1930
Source: Neil Macmaster, “Labour Migration in French North Africa,” inThe Cambridge Survey of World Migration
Tunisia
Link to syllabus
Tunisia Chronology
Link to Encyclopedia of the Orient
Link to WDI
Tunisia: Roads and
Cities
Tunisia: Topographical
Habib Bourguiba1903-2000Ruled 1957-1987
Educated in Tunis and at U. ofParis; married French woman.Founded Neo-Destour Party.Moderate secularist, with echoes of Ataturk in his policies.Dynamic personality, but wasin power too long, as his healthgave out. Was eventually overthrown by his PrimeMinister.
Zine el Abidine Ben Ali
Born 1936President since 1987
Seen as controlling Islamistradicals, while bringing Islamback into Tunisian society. Has maintained internationalpresence of Tunisia.
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Comments on Events in Tunisia
Ben Ali’s ousting was incredibly rapid, and unexpectedWhy this ‘revolution’? Corruption, especially around the president, and his wife’s clan Lack of democracy The role of economic policy was present, but subsidiary Errors/miscalculations on the part of their security people, “FBI” Strong organizing role of labor unions andapparently of Communist Party; minimal role of IslamistsNo one knows where it will end up. Democratic election – then, with which parties? Military government Continued instability in national leadership Return of Ben Ali’s groupSuggestive model for regime change in Egypt, Saudi A., Jordan, elsewhereHypocrisy of France and the U.S.
Types of MENA Political Regimes: Clement and SpringborgGlobalization and the Politics of Development in the M.E.
Bunker States Algeria, Libya, Yemen, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, Syria
Bully Praetorian States Egypt, Tunisia, Palestinian Authority
Globalization Monarchies Arabia, Morocco, Jordan, early Hashemite Iraq
Precarious Democracies Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Iran (but slipping into the bully praetorian category)
Regime types (II)
Bunker states: Led by social forces that are minorities (Alawi in Syria) Have little institutional capacity to manage economy Have largest informal sectors, and low tax rates. Technocrats have little power to determine policy Have low financial development
Praetorian Bully States Rule rests on institutional power of military/security/party Have large government sectors Characterized by ‘crony capitalism’ Stifle private sector Lack political legitimacy
Tunisia: Real GDP/Capita
Tunisia
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tunisia: Inflation
Tunisia
-100
1020304050607080
1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995
Year
Infla
tion
Tunisia: Land UseTunisia: Land Use
0500000
1000000150000020000002500000300000035000004000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Hect
ares
Land use, arable land(hectares)
Land use, irrigatedland (hectares)
Tunisia: Ag GDPTunisia: Agricultural GDP
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Log
Ag O
utpu
t
Tunisia: Foreign AidTunisia: Foreign Aid
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Aid
% o
f GNI
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Aid
per c
apita
($)
Aid (% of GNI)
Aid per capita(current US$)
Tunisia: Debt ServiceTunisia: Debt Service Ratios
05
101520253035
1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
02468101214
Total debt service (%of exports of goodsand services)
Total debt service (%of GNI)
Morocco
Link to syllabus
Morocco Chronology
Link to Encyclopedia of the Orient
Link to WDI
Morocco: Cities and Roads
Morocco Topographical
Muhammad 5
1909 - 1961 Sultan 1927-57, king 1957-61
After winning independence for Morocco, heis able to maintain monarchical system, withsignificant aid from the military and police.
King Hassan 2
1929 - 1999King 1961 – 1999
The oldest son of Muhammad 5, and father of Muhammad 6. Studied at schools in Morocco. Had beenhead of Royal Armed Forces.Among the most pro-western leaders ofthe region, and most pro-capitalist, whilealso clashing with neighboring countries. Survived several assassination attempts inthe 1970s. Territorial conflicts over WesternSahara with Mauritania.
King Muhammad 6
Born 1963King from 1999
Some education in France, and workwith EU Commission in Brussels.Expected to continue policiesof his father (and grandfather),especially with regard to Europe
Morocco: Real GDP/CapitaMorocco
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Morocco: Land UseMorocco: Land Use
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Hect
ares
Land use, arable land(hectares)
Land use, irrigatedland (hectares)
Morocco: Ag OutputMorocco: Agricultural GDP
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Log
Ag O
utpu
t
Morocco Foreign AidMorocco: Foreign Aid
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Aid
% o
f GNI
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Aid
per c
apita
$
Aid (% of GNI)
Aid per capita(current US$)
Morocco: Debt Service RatiosMorocco: Debt Service Ratios
0
10
20
30
40
50
1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
0
5
10
15
Total debt service (%of exports of goodsand services)
Total debt service (%of GNI)
Morocco: Inflation
Morocco
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Infla
tion
Libya Physical Map
Libya: map of cities and roads
Mommar Khadafi
Born 1942 in a tentRuler since 1969
Studied at Univ. of Libya, and military schoolLed coup against king.Said to live a frugal life.Has supported severalarmed movements throughoutthe Arab world, includingLockerbie bombing. Has moderated with age.
Libya: Inflation Rate
Libya
-15-10-505
101520253035
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Infla
tion
Libya: Land UseLibya: Land Use
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Hect
ares
Land use, arable land(hectares)
Land use, irrigatedland (hectares)
Libya: Agricultural Output Libya: Agricultural Output (FAO)
10
100
1000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Agr
icul
tura
l Out
put (
inde
x)
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