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Algae Investigation
Olivia BuvalaWildlands
Semester Evaluation
Contents
MissionAbout AlgaePeriphytonAlgae as Indicators
Project Mission Informative
Algae
Basic Knowledge
My Experiments
Pollution Indicators
Algae
Benefits: Base of the aquatic food chain Useful indicators of pollution Help remove excess nutrients Produce oxygen Constitute the raw material to make agar,
iodine, and various food products. Provide spawning habitat for fish
Algae
Q. What do the mother’s of blue-green algae hope for?
A. That their daughter cells will grow up and marry pond scum
Plant vs. Protist
Termed Algae
In brief-Simple one-celledGroup in coloniesAlso form organisms with many cellsAnd collaborating together as simple
tissues.
Reproduction
Spore(May be motile or non-motile)
Simple sexWhere algae act gametes
But can also operate with complex egg and sperm cells
Helpful Hints:Motile Flagellated UnicellSelf Propelled-with a whip-singular cell
Algal Reproduction
Q. Why did the algae fail math?
A. He divided when mutliplying
Energy
Heterotrophic-Heteron=(an)other Trophe=nutritionSynthesizing required organic
materials from inorganic sources
Photosynthetic-Sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates
from carbon dioxide and water
Non-aquatic HabitatsAnimals-Turtles, snails, rotifers, worms, crustacea,
alligators, three-toed sloths, sponges, etc.Soil-Composition variesTerrestrial plants-Via lichenised fungi, shady tree sides,
penetrate leaves (rainforests), tree hollows, pitcher plants
SnowRocks-Internal and external
Algae
Q. What is the most common form of algae transportation?
A. A nitrogen-cycle
Aquatic HabitatsAquatic Plants-Internal and externalLagoons & Billabongs-Rich in desmidsBogs, marshes, swamps-Also rich in desmids(ex. In SphagnumHot Springs-Blue-green algae dominate Lakes-All have planktonic algae (free floating or
swimming) and periphytic (surface attached)
Aquatic Habitats (cont’)
Reservoirs-Provide ideal protected habitat for microalgaeRivers, Streams, Creeks-Wide distributionMud & Sand-Many speciesPonds, Puddles, Roadside Ditches, & Rock
Pools-Air transported algae
Periphyton
Surface Attached Algae
Food source (invertebrates, fish)
Water quality indicator
Represents physiological and community-level changes
Algae
Q. What kind of algae most often joins the military?
A. Fighter-planktons
Pollution Indicators:Why are algae such good indicators?
Naturally high population
Rapid response time
Identification to a species level
Ease of sampling
Tolerance or sensitivity to specific environmental conditions known
EPA 1
Pollution Indicators:Rapid Bioassessment Objectives
Assessment of: BiomassSpeciesCompositionBiological Condition of Periphyton
Assemblages
EPA 2
Details, details, details:Epiphytic and Benthic
Epiphyticone organism living within or upon another without causing harm.
BenthicLiving in or on the
bottom of a body of water
Pollution Indicators:Phosphorus
Change in algal communities Enriched conditions increase or
decrease, depends on epiphytic/benthic, pH, water regime, original state…
Florida regulations- less than 1mg/L Species usually affected:
EPA 1
Pollution Indicators:Phosphorus
Anabaena
Aphanzinomenon
Dinobryon
Scenedesmus
Pediastrum
Closterium
Cosmarium
Oscillatoria
Schroederia
Staurastrum
Pandorina
MicrocystisMicrosterias
EPA 1
My Protocol Mark Point on GPS Label sample bag with date, stream, site, sample # Select a cobble size substrate Lift cobble from bed into submerged collecting tray Pour all but a small amount of water out of the
collection tray Remove algae from substrate using nylon brush by
brushing down into the water in the container for 3 minutes until all algae is visibly removed
Rinse substrate, brush, and fingers with 50-100 mL into container
Rinse container and pour sample into sample bag Check label Add sample to cooler
My Data
Motic Images•Data
Collection Tool
Digital Microscope
My Images
Hydrodictyon
Chlorella
Microspora
Cosmarium
Sampling
Sampling Area•Eau Claire River
•Multiple samples•Bends, straights,
rougher waters
•Deinhammer Creek•Multiple samples
•Mouth, bends, straights
•Varying substrates
•Beaver Creek
•Pine Creek
Proper SamplingApparel
Terms to Know:Substrates
Substrates:The surface upon which algae
attaches its self. Rocks Wood (bark, submerged trees, logs…)
Man-made structures (pipes, bridges, boards…)
Anywhere
Data CollectionSubstrate Type Collection Technique
Removable Substrates (hard) Remove representative substrates from water; brush or scrape representative area of algae from surface and rinse into sample jar.
Removable Substrates (soft) Place a portion of the plant in a sample container with some water. Shake it vigorously and rub it gently to remove algae. Remove plant from sample container.
Large Substrates (unremovable) Place PVC pipe with a neoprene collar at one end on the substrate so that the collar is sealed against the substrate. Dislodge algae in the pipe with a toothbrush, nail brush, or scraper. Remove algae from pipe with pipette.
Loose Sediments Invert petri dish over sediments. Trap sediments in petri dish by inserting spatula under dish. Remove sediments from stream and rinse into sampling container. Algal samples from depositional habitats can also be collected with spoons, forceps, or pipette.
EPA 2
The Final Joke
Q. What couldn’t the algae keep a steady relationship?
A. He wasn’t really a fun-gi
EPA References
1.) Periphyton as Biological Indicatorshttp://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/html/
periphyton.html
2.)Rapid Bioassessment Protocols For Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macro-invertebrates, and Fish Second Edition
http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/rbp/
A big thanks to the EnvironmentalProtection Agency.
Thank you for viewing
The End
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