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Macroalgae – from research to industry 2012 AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Algae for biogas – in the Central Denmark Region (2010-2013)
Annette Bruhn1, Michael Bo Rasmussen1, Mette Nielsen1,
Sidsel Sode1, Henrik B. Møller2, Shiplu Sarker2, Jonas Høeg
Hansen3, Karin Svane Bech3, Jacob Wagner Jensen4, Lone
Mouritsen5
_________________
1 Aarhus University, Institute for Bioscience
2 Aarhus University, Institute for Engineering
3 Technological Institute
4 REnescience, DONG Energy
5 House of the Ocean, Grenå
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Algae for biogas - aims
Platforms
Cultivation
Network – integration of industry and research
Dissemination
Scientific/industrial focus points
Algae cultivation
Optimisation of biochemical composition
Bioremediation of waste streams
Pre-treatment technologies
Biogas production
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Algae for Biogas – partners
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Algae for biogas - contract
Cultivation facility
New technologies for energy production from algae
Scenario for large-scale cultivation
Exchange of knowledge – industry-GTS-science
Network based in Central Denmark Region
national and international
research and industry
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Cultivation facility
Pilot scale
Recirculated water flow / open flow
Minimum of 12 tanks – 2 separate systems
Opening September 2010
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
New technologies for energy production
Mechanical Enzymatic Thermal
Bioremediation
Pretreatment
technology
Energy
production
Biomass
production
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Cultivation – bioremediation
Hypotheses:
Waste streams are quality
nutrient/carbon supplies
Increase in protein content
No negative effect on metal
concentration
Efficient N,P,C removal
Degassed pig
manure
Reject water
Flue gas
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Cultivation - bioremediation
Quality nutrient/carbon supplies
Increase in protein
Efficient N,P,C removal
No negative effects on metal
concentrations
Nielsen et al, 2011. Sode et al, in prep. Bruhn et al in prep.
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Biogas – different seaweed species
9
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Laminaria Saccharina Chaetomorpha Linum
aschophyllum Ulva lactua Pilayella littoralis and Ectocarpus Siliculosus
90 days 7 2 7 8 24 0
60 days 34 12 18 54 50 1
30 daYS 257 206 162 119 100 117
L C
H4/k
g V
S
Methane potentials
Laminaria
digitata Saccharina
latissima
Chaetomor
pha linum
Ascophyllum
nodosum Ulva
lactuca
Pilayella
littoralis,&
ectocarpus
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Seaweed boosting biogas from manure?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0
60
120
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ulv
a,
VS
d-1
Me
tha
ne
, L/k
gV
S
Weeks
Ulva lactuca Laminaria digitata
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
La
min
ari
a,
VS
d-1
Me
tha
ne
, L/k
gV
S
Weeks
Average cattle manure
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0
60
120
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ulv
a,
VS
d-1
Me
tha
ne
, L/k
gV
S
Weeks
Average cattle manure
Continous thermophilic experiments
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Negative effect of thermal pre-treatment
11
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 50 100 150 200 250
Lite
r C
H4
/kg
VS
Pre-treatment temperature (C)
Ulva (30 days)
Ulva (60 days)
Laminaria (30 days)
laminaria (60 days)
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
REnescience enzymatic pre-treatment
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
Raw Waste +Algae
Raw Waste
House hold waste ± Algae
Bioliquid total mass(kg)
DM (%) of bioliquid
Total DM (kg)
Solid Fraction wet (kg)
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
Raw waste +Algea Raw waste
Ko
mp
on
en
t (g
/l)
HPLC measurements
Glucose
Gluc+Lact
Xylose
Variation of waste
9 kg waste (4 replicates)
8 kg waste plus 1 kg Ulva lactuca (3 replicates)
Enzyme addition
Cellic CTec2
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Nm
3 C
H4/t
on
VS
REnescience enzymatic pre-treatment
400
300
200
100
Quick fermentation
355 Nm3 CH4/ton VS
Raw waste
353 Nm3 CH4/ton VS
Raw waste + Algae
385 Nm3 CH4/ton VS
Industriel waste – higher lipid content
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Scientific conclusions
Cultivation - bioremediation
Efficient bioremediation of nutrient rich waste streams
Fluegas/CO2 boosts production - bioremediation potential is limited
Biomass with high protein content (up to 40%)
Pretreatment
Enzymatic: no effect on biogas potential
Thermal: negative effect on biogas potential
Extrusion: no positive effect on biogas potential
Biogas production
Laminaria – highest biogas potential of species tested
Laminaria – positive effect on biogas production from manure (+100%)
Ulva – more than 10% - negative effect on biogas from manure
Rest product – suitable for use as soil improvement
Ulva
Laminaria
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Dissemination - network
New exibition at the KattegatCentre: Havet i maven
(Eating from the ocean)
Teaching material – biotechnology (high school level)
Freely available on the internet
Algaecentre tour for high schools
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Industry-science knowledge exchange
Industrial network
Based at Havets Hus
25 participants from entire
production chain
Conference
80-100 participants
National and international
algae environments
Industry
Research
Govermental organisations
Biomasse
Consortium
Project
A
Industrial network
Project
B
Project
C
Developement
Idea
generation
Research Documentation
Project
D
Ne
two
rk
Ex
ch
an
ge
of
kn
ow
led
ge
Str
ate
gy
Op
era
tio
ne
l
ly
Ac
tua
l
pro
jec
ts
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
International Networks
India
Jordan
BioWalk4Biofuel
(FP7)
MAB 3
Nordic Algae
Network
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Overall conclusions
Energy → biorefinery
Landbased cultivation → cultivation at sea
Green algae → Laminaria
Great industrial interest and drive in Central DK region
Increasing political interest and focus
Large potential impact in Central DK region
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Thanks for your attention
And thanks to:
Central Denmark Region
EU FP7 – BioWalk4Biofuels
Fredericia Spildevand
The Harbour master in Nakkebølle
Ph
oto
: P
ete
r B
ond
o C
hriste
nse
n
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Products and commercial impact
3 peer-reviewed papers
Oral presentations
Posters
Dissemination events
3 Macroalgae conferences
Forskningens Døgn
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Dissemination
› Popular › Papers › Talks › Posters
› Scientific › Peer-reviewed papers › Talks › Posters
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Cultivation – bioremediation capacity
High N availability – high N
content – high protein
Amino acid composition OK
1 Nielsen et al, 2011. 2 FAO, 2008
Use of agricultural land2
Animal feed
Human feed
Energy
2012 Macroalgae – from research to industry AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCE
Seaweeds for biogas
0
0,050,1
0,15
0,2
0,250,3
0,35
0,4
M. p
orife
ra
A. n
odos
um
S. lat
issim
a
S. f
luita
ns
G. t
ikva
hiae
Cha
etom
orph
a sp
.
U. lac
tuca
Whe
at s
traw
Turf g
rass
Man
ure
m3 C
H4 k
g-1
VS
g
b
a a a
c d e e f
a: Chynoweth, 2005. b: Habig, et al, 1984. c: Nielsen et al, 2009. d: Bruhn, et al, 2011. e: McKendry, et al, 2002. f: Møller et al,
2003. g: Møller, 2011
Inhibiton – salt, sulphur
Inoculum – optimisation
a a a a
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