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To Investigate the Effect of Microwave Power and Duration on
the Growth of Brassica Seeds
Submitted To:ER. RANDHIR SINGH(Asst. Prof. and Head)
SSCET, Badhani
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT,
SRI SAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
BADHANI, PATHANKOT
M. Tech SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION
1
PRESENTED BY
AKHIL GUPTAUniversity Roll No. 100756880664
for
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGYin
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
April 2013
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Overview of PresentationINTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
LITERATURE REVIEW
BRASSICA SEEDS
METHODOLOGY
PROBLEM FORMULATION
FACILITIES REQUIRED
PROPOSED PLACE OF WORK
REFERENCES
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Introduction
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths
ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter
with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3GHz) and 300 GHz [1].
The various sources for generating of microwaves are:Magnetron, Klystron, Travelling-wave tube (TWT), and
Gyrotron [2].
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Microwave is electromagnetic waves of frequency ranging
from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, corresponding to the wavelength
ranging from 1mm to 1m. These waves are located between
radio wave and infrared rays in electromagnetic spectrumshown in Fig.1. Microwave apparatus generally operates at
2.45 GHz with wavelength of 12.2 cm [3].
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Fig.1. Electromagnet frequency spectrum [4]
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Properties of Microwaves1.A microwave signal can propagate through the ionosphere
with minimum loss.
2.The ionosphere is composed of ionized atoms and electrons.
Microwaves can go through the ionosphere and only suffer
some refraction.
3.Electromagnetic radiation of frequency in the tens of MHz
range and below cannot penetrate the ionosphere where as
microwaves can.
4.High frequency electromagnetic waves as an information
carrier can pack more information within its bandwidth.
5.Microwaves consist of electric and magnetic field
perpendicular to each other, propagate together in same
direction [5].
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Objectives
The objectives of the investigations are as follows:-
1. To investigate the effect of microwave power and duration
on :-
(i) Fertility of Soil(ii) Fertility of Water
(iii) Fertility of Seeds
2. To investigate the effect of microwave power and duration onthe INFRARED spectrum of the seeds.
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Literature Review
Microwave emission from crops can be featured by longvertical structures. . The effects on the total emission from
crops are estimated by means of measurements carried out on
plants in natural conditions. The results are concluded by
means of emission and scattering properties of the crop. Theinvestigation of optical depth and single-scattering on plant
water content has been studied [6].
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Anna. Al investigated the influence of microwave irradiation
treatment on the development of lentil seeds. Best results have been
obtained for variants with exposure time 30 s and output power 450W measured at 7th day is 10% longer than the control one, 7%,
and 14th day is 16% higher [7].
This paper reviews the prospects of using microwave energy to
manage weeds. . Microwave energy effectively kills weed plants
and their seeds; however most studies have focused on applying the
microwave energy over a sizable area, which requires about ten
times the energy that is embodied in conventional chemical
treatments to achieve effective weed control. If thermal runaway
can be induced in weed plants, the energy costs associated withmicrowave weed management would be comparable with chemical
weed control [8].
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Ground-based polar metric scatter meters have been effective tools to
monitor the growth of rice crop, with much higher temporal
resolution than satellite synthetic aperture radar systems. These
results will be useful in retrieving crop biophysical properties and
determining the optimum microwave frequency and polarization
necessary to monitor crop conditions [9].
The effect of microwave radiation on dry soil has been studied. Fivedifferent soil samples are collected from various geographical regions
of India. The waveguide cell method was employed for the
determination of the storage factor and loss factor of the soil. The
methodology of for unexposed and exposed soils to microwaveradiation is given and results obtained are concluded.
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Brassica Seeds
Brassica, also called mustards (or sarsu) are part of oil seed family
and are regarded both as a spice and as oilseeds. India is a major
producer of mustard and oilseeds in general. There are three main
varieties of mustards in the world. Black mustard oil, white mustard
oil and Brown mustard oils are the main varieties[10].
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Fig.2. Brassica Seeds
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Black mustard oil or Banarasi Rai is derived from black mustards
and has a spicy and pungent flavour and aroma. Brown Indian
mustard is another type of mustard which is grown traditionally in
India but is now grown in other places too. White mustard or safaid
rai is decidedly pungent as it contains particular substances[11].
Uses of Brassica Seeds:-
1.Throat Relief
2.Chest Decongestant
3.Cosmetic Mask
4.Smell Remover5.Muscle-Relaxing Bath, Backache Treating Bath
6.Relief for Tired Bath
7.Hair Conditioner
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Problem Formulation
As discussed in the literature review, a few experiments have been
conducted to investigate the effect of microwaves on the living or
non-living objects. The scope of this study will be to investigate the
effect of microwave power and radiation on the growth of Brassica
seeds. The effect of microwave power and duration on the IR
(infrared) spectrum of the seeds will also be investigated.
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MethodologyThere are three experimental categories: micro waved water, seeds,
and soil. Each category may be treated with microwave radiation for 0seconds (control), 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds
and 150 seconds and for different wattages viz; 30 W, 50 W, 70 W and
90 W. Each cup contains ten seeds. These large experiments are really
three separate experiments in one. In each case, the independent
variable is the time that micro waved water, seeds, and soil. The
dependent variable is the growth of the plant over time. How many
seeds sprouted in the container by taking the Seeds, water and soil in
the cups and microwave each at different time and wattages with the
help of microwave oven. The number of seeds grow and the length ofeach plant grows will be noted.
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Facilities required
Facilities required for proposed work:
I need following tools and equipments listed below:
1.Microwave oven
2. Soil, Seeds and Water
3. Infrared Camera
4. Visible Camera
5. Closed Box capable of capturing INFRARED Images
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Proposed Place of Work
1. Sri Sai College of Engineering and Technology.
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References[1] Stuchly, M.A, Stuchly, S.S (1983) Industrial, scientific,
medical and domestic applications of microwavesProc. of
the IEEE. 1983, pp.467503.
[2] Gupta, M., Wong, E. (2009), Microwave and Metal. John
Wiley & Sons (Asia 2009).
[3] Ulaby, F. (2007) Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics,
5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
[4] Osepchuk, J.M. (1984), A history of microwave heating
applications, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 32, no 9, pp 1200 - 1224, 1984.
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[5] Hecht, E. (2002), Optics, 4th ed. Addison Wesley Publishing,
2002.
[6] G. Macelloni, S. Paloscia, P. Pampaloni, and R. Ruisi,"Microwave Emission Features of Crops with Vertical Stems,
IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol. 36,
no. 1, January 1998.
[7] Anna Aladjadjiyan, (2010), Effect of microwave irradiation
on seeds of lentils (lens culinaris, med.), Romanian j.
Biophys., Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 213221.
[8] Microwave technologies as part of an integrated weed
management strategy: A Review Graham Brodie Carmel Ryan,
Carmel Lancaster and Roger Cousens Melbourne School of
Land and Environment, University of Melbourne.17
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[9] Yihyun Kim, Hoonyol Lee, and Sukyoung Hong"Continuous
Monitoring of Rice Growth With a Stable Ground-Based
Scatterometer System"IEEE geoscience and remote sensing
letters.[10] oprica, L. (2008), Effect of microwave on the dynamics of
some oxidoreductase enzymes in Brassica Napus germination
seeds, Analele Stiinifice ale Universitatii ,Alexandru Ioan
Cuza, Sectiunea Genetica si Biologie Moleculara, TOM IX,
2008.
[11] Mir, M. R., Mobin, M., Khan, N. A., Bhat, M. A., Lone, N.
A., Bhat, K. A., Razvi, S. M., Wani, S. A., Wani, N.,
Akhter, S., Rashid, S., Masoodi, Nasir H., Payne, W. A.
(2010), Effect of fertilizers on yield characteristics of
mustard (brassica juncea l. czern & coss) Journal of
Phytology , 2(10), 2010, pp. 20-24.
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Thank You
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Any Queries ?
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