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AJ 53 –Police Field Operations
Chapter 5 –Basic Patrol Procedures
Patrol Basics Duties and Responsibilities
Moving around within a designated area Active observation Interactive participation with citizenry
Purpose Visible presence to all Symbol of safety and security to law
abiders Reminder to potential law breakers
All types of patrol should result in daily, face-to-face contact with citizens
Link to Homeland Security?
Patrol Activities Administrative Activities
Community & department meetings, equipment maintenance
Officer-Initiated Activities Proactive efforts based on traffic/pedestrian
stops, PR contacts, etc. Assigned Calls-For-Service
Calls received by Dispatch Follow-Up/Directed Patrol
Specific to ongoing investigations
Vehicle Patrol Most common mode of patrol transportation Patrol car becomes officer’s mobile “office”
Communications & Equipment Types of vehicles used for various
purposes/situations General patrol duties Pursuits Marked vs. Unmarked vehicles Off-road
Disadvantages? Easily recognizable Barrier to interaction with citizens Costs
Types of Patrol Foot Patrol
Maximize contact with people in malls, parks, beaches, trouble spots…
Allows for increased personal interaction Less mobile – slower response time
Bicycles Mobile, unobtrusive, access to equipment
Motorcycles Primarily for traffic enforcement
Types of Patrol (continued) Horses/Mounted Patrol
Parades, crowd control, search and rescue
Welcoming and intimidating Small Vehicles
Electric vehicles, ATV’s/quads, Segways… Airplanes and Helicopters
Traffic, search and rescue, narcotics, etc. Boats and Jet-Skis
Waterways, holiday crowds, search and rescue/recovery
General Preparation for Patrol
Keep a Positive Attitude Must be developed and maintained despite overwhelming
negative encounters: Not all people are bad! Maintain positive off-duty relationships
Be Curious and Suspicious Situational awareness Observational perception Wonder why people do what they do
Become a Student of Human Nature Learn as much as possible about people and social
interactions Develop a broad base of multi-cultural experiences
Be Professional, Courteous, Empathetic, and Compassionate to All!
Pre-Patrol Preparation Knowledge and Information
Local, state, national current events Legal updates, case-law decisions, etc. In-service training classes
Beat Familiarity = Beat Integrity! Demographics, business, residential, rural Streets/numbering system, routes Floor-plans of likely calls for service
Liquor stores, banks, schools, apartment complexes
Pre-Patrol Preparation (cont’d)
Briefing Beat assignments, recent activities
Reports Read crime/incident reports from your
beat Vehicle Inspection
Careful and thorough! Gas, damage, lights/siren, equipment, etc.
Beginning of Patrol Check-in
Talk to officer going off-duty who has been working your beat
Check Your Beat Cursory check of area Random, varied pattern
Don’t establish permanent routine! Keep log of times & activities Homeland Security
issues/locations
Foot Patrol Considerations Recent trend of returning to foot
patrols Increases face-to-face encounters Builds and maintains Trust & Respect
Get to know people while on foot Be cautious of unethical gratuities
Good opportunity for PR contacts Actively observe surroundings/goings-
on You are still “on patrol”
Vehicle Patrol Considerations Consider vehicle as mode of transportation
Don’t “hide” inside patrol car Get out and walk around
In general, patrol at normal flow of traffic Slow enough to observe surroundings without
impeding other drivers Windows open, radios low Patrol Patterns (p. 168)
Spiral, zigzag, quadrant, cloverleaf Driving Factors
Vehicle, traffic, weather, fatigue, pursuits EVOC training
Plainclothes Patrol Unmarked vehicles
In uniform or plain clothes Advantages
Stealth and anonymity Observation and approach to illegal activity Immersion in crowds, special events
Challenges Identification Communications Weapons Contact with uniformed officers
Building Checks In vehicle or on foot
Need to physically “shake some doors” Note floor plans for future reference
Check vehicles/persons in area or parking lot
Loud vs. quiet approach Communication with Dispatch, other officers
Check for signs of forced entry Broken locks, pry marks, tools, etc.
Building Checks (continued) Open Door
Someone inside? Enter alone or wait for partner?
Consider K-9 if available Weapon drawn?
Employee? Janitor? Burglar? Lighting issues
Vision adjustment Flashlight vs. light switch
Checking interior Listen! Doors may be open, locked, etc. Expect someone to be there!
Make contact with Responsible Party
Crime-Prevention Checks Excellent PR tool! Residential
Vacation checks After theft, burglary, etc.
Commercial & Institutional Good use of foot-patrol time Offer advice to business owners Check business licenses
Attractive Nuisances
Be aware of potentially hazardous or troublesome locations… Vacant/Abandoned buildings Teen “party houses” Parks or playgrounds at night Drug use/sales Liquor stores, bars, etc.
Gangs and Gang Activities Not just a “big city” problem Pre-teens to young adults Typical activities/crimes
Tagging, graffiti, vandalism Theft, Robbery, Burglary Alcohol use, Drug use/sales Fights & Weapons
Patrol Officer’s responsibilities?
Surveillance Surveillance = observing a place,
person, or object for the purpose of… Identification Developing information Determining relationships Gathering evidence
Loose vs. Fixed surveillance
Surveillance Considerations
Gather as much intelligence as possible Before and during operation
Discreet communications Combine various methods
Foot, vehicle, individuals, and teams Develop a plan for contingencies
Expect the unexpected!
Stakeouts Fixed surveillance for suspect,
crime Planning and preparations
Notifications and cooperation Location and equipment Food, water, bathroom Communications Relief of personnel Plan for contingencies
Specialized Enforcement
SWAT, Gangs, Narcotics, Vice, etc. Special training/equipment required
Somewhat autonomous but still within Department policies & procedures
Requires communication/coordination with uniformed patrol
Undercover Assignments
Requires careful planning/preparation May require memorization of new
identity/personal history Challenges of isolation and separation May have to build relationships with
less-than-desirable people Impact on family?
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