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Aims
This syllabus is designed to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of biology and biological issues, to prepare and equip the candidates for their tertiary education, to pursue careers in related fields and to promote continuous awareness of the importance of biology in life.
OBJECTIVE
This syllabus enables candidates to:(a) understand the biological phenomena,
principles and theories;(b) evaluate biological information critically
and deduce logical conclusion;(c) plan and carry out experiments
scientifically and make deductions;
964 Biology
(d) develop abilities and skills in handling materials and apparatus correctly and safely, and;
(e) cultivate proper attitudes and values on social, technological, and environmental issues in biology.
SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGY
The syllabus of 964 Biology will be covered in three terms with three main
topics.o1st Term : Biological molecules and
Metabolism
o2nd Term : Physiology
o3rd Term : Ecology and Genetics964 Biology
SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGY
The syllabus is based on learning outcomes curriculum
o1st Term : Biological molecules and Metabolism
oSix topicso2nd Term : Physiology oSeven topicso3rd Term : Ecology and GeneticsoSix topics
964 Biology
SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGY
CONTENTS
FIRST TERM
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND METABOLISM
1. Biological molecules
1.1 Water
1.2 Carbohydrates
2. Structure of Cells and Organelles2.1 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells2.2 Cellular components2.3 Specialised cells
3. Membrane Structure and Transport 3.1 Fluid mosaic model 3.2 Movement of substance across membrane964 Biology
4. Enzymes
4.1 Catalysis and activation energy
4.2 Mechanism of action and kinetics
4.3 Cofactors
4.4 Inhibitors
4.5 Classification of enzymes
4.6 Enzyme technology
964 Biology
5. Cellular Respiration
5.1 The need for energy in living
5.2 Aerobic respiration
5.3 Anaerobic respiration
6. Photosynthesis
6.1 Autotroph
6.2 Light-dependent reactions
6.3 Light-independent reactions
6.4 Limiting factors
964 Biology
SECOND TERM
PHYSIOLOGY
7.Gas exchange
7.1Gaseous exchange in humans
7.2Breathing cycle
7.3Gaseous exchange in plants
964 Biology
8. Transport in Animals and Plants
8.1 Transport system in mammals
8.2 Transport system in vascular plants
9. Control and Regulation
9.1 Nervous system
9.2 Hormones
10. Reproduction, Development and Growth
10.1 Sexual reproduction in humans
10.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
10.3 Seed germination
10.4 Growth curves and patterns of growth
964 Biology
964 Biology
11. Homeostasis
11.1 Importance of homeostasis
11.2 Liver
11.3 Osmoregulation in mammals
11.4 Osmoregulation in plants
12. Immunity
12.1 Immune system
12.2 Development of immunity
12.3 Concept of self and non-self
12.4 Immune disorder
964 Biology
964 Biology
13. Infectious Diseases
13.1 Infectious disease
13.2 Dengue
13.3 Cholera
13.4 Tuberculosis (TB)
13.5 Malaria
THIRD TERM
ECOLOGY AND GENETICS
14. Taxonomy and biodiversity
14.1Taxonomy
14.2Diversity of organisms
14.3Biodiversity in Malaysia
14.4Threats to biodiversity
14.5Conservation of biodiversity964 Biology
15. Ecology
15.1 Levels of ecological organisation
15.2 Biogeochemical cycles
15.3 Energy flow
15.4 Population ecology
15.5 Carrying capacity
15.6 Quantitative ecology964 Biology
17. Inheritance and Genetic Control
17.1 Types of genetic crosses and breeding system
17.2 Non-Mendelian inheritance
17.3 Genetic mapping
17.4 Population genetics
964 Biology
17.5 DNA replication17.6 Gene expression17.7 Regulation of gene expression17.8 Mutation
18. Gene Technology
18.1 Recombinant DNA technology
19. Biotechnology
19.1 Roles of biotechnology
19.2 Applications of biotechnology
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEW SYLLABUS WITH THE EXISTING SYLLABUS
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
1. Number of titles
25 19 To meet the current and global needs
964 Biology
964 Biology
FIRST TERM
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
2. Changes title/ content
Topic 1:Basic chemistry of a cell
Topic 1:Biological molecules
Topic1 in the current syllabus is changed to Biological molecules because this topic not only discuss the basic chemistry, but all the features of molecular biological aspects.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 2:Structure of cells and organelles
Topic 2:Structure of cells and organelles
Topic 3:Membrane structure and transport
Topic 2 of the existing syllabus is separated into two topics which are Topic 2 and Topic 3 so that the emphasis is also on the membrane structure and transport in more detail
964 Biology
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 3:Control in cellsSubtopic 3.1.2: Gene concept, one-gene- one- polypeptide hypothesis
Topic 4:Enzymes
Topic 3 of the existing syllabus become Topic 4 of the new syllabus dedicated to the enzyme alone. Subtopic 3.1.2 existing syllabus transferred toTopic 17.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 5: Respiration
Topic 5:Cellular respiration
Topic 5 of the existing syllabus is separate into two parts, energy production and respiration processes.
Topic 4:Photosynth esis
Topic 6: Photosynth esis
Topic 4 of the existing syllabus has been changed to Topic 6 of the new syllabus to enable the sequential learning by topic.
964 Biology
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 6:Nutrition
− Topic 6 was dropped because the topics are covered while in SPM.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
TERM 2
Topic 7:Gaseous exchange
Topic 7:Gas exchange
Topic 7 changed the name of the topic only
Topic 8:Transport
Topic 8:Transport in animals and plants
Topic 8 changed the name of the title to be more detailed and clear
964 Biology
964 Biology
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 10:Nervous systemTopic 11:Hormone/ chemical coordination
Topic 9:Control and regulation
Topic 10 and Topic 11 existing syllabus combined into Title 9 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 13:ReproductionTopic 14:DevelopmentTopic 15:Growth
Topic 10:Reproduction, development and growth
Topic 13, Topic 14 and Topic 15 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic10 of the new syllabus.
Topic 9:Homeostasis
Topic 11:Homeostasis
Topic 9 of the existing syllabus transferred into Topic 11 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 12:ImmunitySubtopic 12.5: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Topic 12:ImmunitySubtopic 12.4: Immune disorder
Topic 12 of the existing syllabus is updated and issued 12.5 Subtopic and Subtopic 12.4 in the new syllabus is replaced by Immune disorders are discussed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
− Topic 13:Infectious diseasesSubtopic 13.1: Infectious diseaseSubtopic 13.2: DengueSubtopic13.3: CholeraSubtopic 13.4: Tuberculosis (TB) Subtopic 13.5: Malaria
Topic 13 of the new syllabus was introduced to new topics to meet the needs of current issues
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
TERM 3Topic 21:TaxonomyTopic 22:Biodiversity
Topic 14:Taxonomy and biodiversity
Topic 21 and Topic 22 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 14 of the new syllabus.
Topic 24:EcosystemTopic 25: Quantitative ecology
Topic 15:Ecology
Topic 24 and Topic 25 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 15 15 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 23:Variation and theory of EvolutionSubtopic 23.1: Variation23.1.1: Continuous and DiscontinuousVariation23.1.2:Sources
Topic 16:Selection and speciation
Topic 23, a Subtopic 23.1 and 23.4 in the existing syllabus was dropped because the theory is quite contrary to religious beliefs, but Subtopic 23.2 and 23.3 in the existing syllabus combined into Topic 16 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Subtopic 23.4: Evolution23.4.1: Lamarck’s Theory23.4.2: Darwin- Wallace’s Theory23.4.3 Evidence supporting theory of Evolution
Topic 16:Selection and speciation
Topic 23, a Subtopic 23.1 and 23.4 in the existing syllabus was dropped because the theory is quite contrary to religious beliefs, but Subtopic 23.2 and 23.3 in the existing syllabus combined into Topic 16 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 16:Transmission geneticsTopic 17:MutationTopic 18:Population genetics
Topic 17:Inheritance and genetic control
Topic 16, Topic 17 and Topic 18 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 17 of the new syllabus.
964 Biology
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 19:Gene regulation and expressionSubtopic 19.1: Lactose operonTopic 20:Modern geneticstechnology
Topic 18: Gene technology
Topic 19 and Topic 20 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 18 of the new syllabus.
Detail Current syllabus
New syllabus Rationale for change
Topic 19:Biotechnology and its applicationsSubtopic 19.1: Roles of biotechnologySubtopic 19.2: Applications of biotechnology
Topic 19 of the new syllabus was introduced to new topics to meet the needs of current issues.
SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)
SBA is carried out throughout the form six school terms.
SBA can be carry out by candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC.
SBA is assessed by the subject teachers in schools in the respective terms when the experiment is carrying out and also on the student’s practical work report.
964 Biology
MEC will determine 15 compulsory experiments to be carried out by the candidates which is compiled on Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Biology Practical.
Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Biology Practical can be downloaded from MEC Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) during the first term of form six by the subject teachers.
SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGYAssessment Examination • 1st Term Topic 1 to 6 −
26.67%
• 2nd Term Topic 7 to 13 −
26.67% • 3rd Term Topic 14 to 19 −
26.67%
School Based Assessment −
20%or for private students Written practical test ( Paper 5) −
20%
Total marks will be graded after 3rd term964 Biology
FIRST TERM
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
1 Microscope and slide
Taxanomy and biodiversity
Measurement of cell size using microscope
2 Microscope and slide
Taxanomy and biodiversity
Preparation and observation of slides of animal and plant cells
3 Biochemistry and physiology
Transport in animal and plant
Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells
964 Biology
964 Biology
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
4 Biochemistry and physiology
Enzymes Effect of temperature on enzymatic activity
5 Biochemistry and physiology
Gas exchange
Oxygen consumption during respiration in plant
964 Biology
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
6 Biochemistry and physiology
Biological molecules
Separation of photosynthetic pigments using paper chromatography
7 Biochemistry and physiology
Photosynthesis Comparison between C3 and C4
leaves
SECOND TERM
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
8 Dissection Gas exchange
Dissection of the mammalian respiratory system.
9 Dissection Transport in animal and plant
Dissection of the mammalian blood circulatory system
10 Dissection Hemeostasis Dissection of the mammalian urino-genital system
964 Biology
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
11 Microscope and slide
Reproduction, development and growth
Embryogenesis in human
12 Microscope and slide
Hemeostasis Examination of slides: kidney, liver and pancreas
THIRD TERM
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
13 Ecology Taxanomy and biodiversity
Classification of organisms using a dichotomous key
14 EcologyTaxanomy and biodiversity
Preservation techniques
15 Ecology Taxanomy and biodiversity
Collections of insects of 10 different orders and plants of 10 different families
No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment
16 Ecology Ecology Ecological study of a terrestrial habitat
17 GeneticInheritance and genetic control
Mendelian inheritance
18 Genetic Biological molecules Extraction of plant DNA
SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
First Term
964/1BiologyPaper 1
Biological Molecules and Metabolism
Written test
Section A15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.
60(26.67%)
15
1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and Name Theme/Title Type of Test
Mark (Weighting
)Duration Administration
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
First Term
964/1BiologyPaper 1
Biological Molecules and Metabolism
Section B2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.
15 1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
First Term
964/1BiologyPaper 1
Biological Molecules and Metabolism
Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 1 to 6.
30 1½ hours Central assessment
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test
Mark (Weighti
ng)
Duratio n
Administrat ion
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Second Term
964/2Biology Paper 2
Physiology Written test
Section A 15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.
60(26.67%)
15
1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Second Term
964/2Biology Paper 2
Physiology Section B 2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.
15 1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Second Term
964/2Biology Paper 2
Physiology Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 7 to 13.
30 1½ hours Central assessment
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Third Term
964/3Biology Paper 3
Ecology and Genetics
Written test
Section A 15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.
60(26.67%)
15
1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Third Term
964/3Biology Paper 3
Ecology and Genetics
Section B2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.
15 1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark
(Weighting) Duration Administration
Third Term
964/3Biology Paper 3
Ecology and Genetics
Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 14 to 19.
30 1½ hours Central assessment
964 Biology
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test
Mark (Weighting
)Duration Administration
Third Term
964/5Biology Paper 5
Written Practical Test3 structured questions with diagram/grap h/ table to be answered.
45(20%)
1½ hours Central assessment
Term of Study
Paper Code and
NameTheme/Title Type of Test
Mark (Weighting
)Duration Administration
First, Second
and Third Terms
964/4Biology Paper 4
Biology Practical
School- based Assessment of Practical15 compulsory experiments to be carried out.
225 (20%)
Through -out the
three terms
School-based assessment
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