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Health and Safety is EVERYONES Responsibility!
Under the Health and Safety at work Act, everyone has a duty to know and follow safe ways of working.
It is a employers responsibility to: Provide a safe working environment Make sure you know about safe working practices Provide training and make sure you can do your job Assess the risks involved with your job Talk to you about health and safety issues
It is YOUR responsibility to:
Follow safe working practices Take part in training Know what to do in an emergency Use tools and equipment in the right way Make sure colleagues are not put in any danger by your
actions Stay alert for health and safety hazards Report hazards and accidents to your line manager
Be “Positive” about Safety
Having the right attitude to health and safety can help stop accidents and keep everyone safe!!
BE ALERTLook out for hazards that others might miss. If you see
a hazard make it safe or report it immediately.
THINK FIRST!!!!Always take time to think, look around and consider
any risks before starting a job.
DON’T TAKE SHORT CUTS!!The safe way is always the right way. Trying to do a
job too quickly or without care can result in accidents.
FOLLOW SAFE METHODS OF WORKAlways take part in H&S training and follow what you
have learnt. Follow all instructions that have been provided by your line manager/supervisor.
Be Positive… cont
Personal Protective Equipment
Suitable PPE is provided to everyone.
You must:-
Store appropriately to prevent damageWear it Do not lose or misuse itReport any defects
Safe use of work equipment
Follow the manufacturers safety instructions for any equipment you use.
Make sure its in good condition Report and label faulty equipment so no-one else can use it Only use equipment you have be trained and authorised to use Store equipment appropriately and securely Wear the right clothing. No loose clothing or jewellery that
could get caught Wear appropriate footwear for the job you are doing
Vehicle Safety
You are responsible while driving at work Seatbelts must be worn On the spot vehicle checks will be carried out You will follow Road Traffic Legislation Your company will ensure the vehicles are maintained in
a safe condition with the relevant MOT and servicing checks
DO NOT use a mobile phone whilst driving
What is Manual Handling?
• Manual Handling involves the transporting or supporting of loads.
• This includes lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving.
• The Load can be inanimate, or a person or animal.
14
Consequences of Poor
Manual Handling…• Acute injuries - normally lead to leave
from work and a period of rest, while the injury heals.
• Chronic injuries – Build up over a long period of time, and are usually irreversible.
15
Types of over-three-day injury…
17
Sprain/strain often Sprain/strain often chronic others all chronic others all
acute…acute…
Reasons for a back injury
• Awkward or abnormal posture
• Poor body mechanics
• Declining physical fitness
• Stress
• Overeating and smoking
• Person is usually unprepared
• Sometimes Footwear?
19
Costs of a Back Injury…
20
EMPLOYERSick Pay
OvertimeAgency Staff
Recruitment & InductionBad Publicity
Poor Staff MoraleInvestigation
Court & Legal FeesCompensation
Insurance
EMPLOYEEPain & Suffering
Medication & Alternative Therapy
Loss of EarningsRestrictions on ActivitiesLegal Costs of Accident
Investigations
Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992
Consists of 8 regulations 1 Citation and commencement 2 Interpretation 3 Dis-application of Regulations –
(These Regulations shall not apply to or in relation to the master or crew of a sea-going ship or to the employer of such persons in respect of the normal ship-board activities of a ship's crew under the direction of the master.)
4 Duty of Employers…21
Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992
Regulation 4 (Duties of Employers) is broken down into 5 Sections:
4(1)(a) Avoidance of Manual Handling
4(1)(b)(i) Assessment of Risk
4(1)(b)(ii) Reducing the Risk of Injury
4(1)(b)(iii) The load - providing additional information
4(2) Reviewing the Assessment.22
Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992
5 Duty of Employees – Each employee while at work shall make full and proper use of any system of work provided for use by his employer
6 Exemption certificates - Secretary of State for Defence may, in the interests of national security, by a certificate in writing exempt any of the home forces
7 Extension outside Great Britain 8 Repeals and revocations.
23
SpineThree main
functions To protect the
spinal cord To allow
movement. To support the
upper body
27
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical – Neck, Greek ‘Round’ 7 bones
Thoracic – Upper Back 12 bones
Lumbar – Lower back 5 bones
28
Disks
Vertebra
Vertebrae 33 bones –
the top 24 are separated by discs
Each vertebrae has 4 joints which enables movement
Vertebrae are larger towards the bottom of the spine29
Disc
Vertebra
AnnulusNucleus
Annulus – Tough fibrous outer, holds discs in place. Can wear / crack over time or with repetitive strain & injury.
Nucleus – Soft core acts as shock absorber, takes 80% of Force 34
Slipped
Prolapsed
No nerve supply to discs, so you don’t feel anything until it’s too late!
Weak Blood supply = Lack of Oxygen = Poor Healing
Vertebrae bones can slip with Annulus and become a serious injury!
35
Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back
• Posture– Maintain an upright posture– Try to keep the natural curves– Use thigh and buttock muscles – don’t
bend your back
• Weight– Try to control your weight, excess weight
causes unnecessary pressure on the joints
39
Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back
• Bed– We spend a large amount of time in bed,
so make sure your mattress supports your back
• Car– The seat should be firm and should
support the curves of your spine
40
Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back
• Home/Work– Avoid bending over surfaces & try to store
frequently used items at a suitable height
• Keep Fit and Flexible
41
KINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTING
The study of
mechanical, nervous
and physiological
factors
Invented by Tom
McClurg Anderson
(1951) - Human Kinetics
and Analysis, Body
Movements. London:
Heinemann.42
KINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTING
Kinetic lifting shows you how to lift
correctly “ Lifting Techniques”
Does not rely on brute force
Relies on proper technique, assessment
of weight and the function of the handling
operation
43
Load Close to the Body
Load Close to the Body
FulcrumFulcrum
Load close to the body will produce a 3 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber
area
Load close to the body will produce a 3 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber
area
20kg20kg
60kg60kg
Principles of Weight RatiosPrinciples of
Weight Ratios
44
45
Load Away from the Body
Load Away from the Body
Load away from the body will produce a
10 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber area
Load away from the body will produce a
10 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber area
20kg20kg
200kg200kg
Principles of Weight RatiosPrinciples of
Weight Ratios
Safe Manual Handling Safe Manual Handling TechniqueTechnique
Safe Manual Handling Techniques is characterised as:
A 6 point lift which consists of a set of Base Movements
They are...
46
Safe Manual Handling Safe Manual Handling Techniques – 6 Point LiftTechniques – 6 Point Lift
1} Look at the Load :
2} Foot position
3} Bend Knees / Back Straight
4} Test Load / Take a Firm Grip
5} Lift with Legs / Load Close
6} Put Down with Equal Care.
47
Size and ShapeSize and ShapeSize and ShapeSize and Shape
1} Look at the Load1} Look at the Load
Potential instabilityPotential instability
Possible area to gripPossible area to grip
If you think you cannot manage the load: GET HELP
If you think you cannot manage the load: GET HELP
Look for written indicators, weight, content…
Look for written indicators, weight, content…
48
2} Foot Position2} Foot Position
The optimum position, Feet hip width apart with one foot ahead
The optimum position, Feet hip width apart with one foot ahead
The leading foot must feel the most
Comfortable
The leading foot must feel the most
Comfortable
Leading foot along side of load
foot facing the direction of travel
Leading foot along side of load
foot facing the direction of travel
Your centre of balance as close to the load as
comfortably as possible
Your centre of balance as close to the load as
comfortably as possible50
3} Bend Knees / Back Straight3} Bend Knees / Back Straight
Relax the knees Relax the knees
Front foot flat on the floor
Front foot flat on the floor
Heal of the rear foot raised
Heal of the rear foot raised
Adjust your body weight through your
feet
Adjust your body weight through your
feet
Avoid leaning excessively forward
for extra balance
Avoid leaning excessively forward
for extra balance
51
4} Test Load/Take a Firm Grip4} Test Load/Take a Firm Grip
Use a “ Diagonal grip Use a “ Diagonal grip “ “ if possibleif possible
Diagonal grip provides support for
the load
Diagonal grip provides support for
the load
Draw the load towards the body
Draw the load towards the body
Positioning of Hands Feet at the start of
the lift is very important.
Positioning of Hands Feet at the start of
the lift is very important.
Remember to te
st the lo
ad
Remember to te
st the lo
ad
““Test the Load”Test the Load”““Test the Load”Test the Load”
52
5} Lift with Legs KeepLoad Close5} Lift with Legs KeepLoad Close
As you lift use the Headlock movementAs you lift use the
Headlock movement
Gently raising the head and tucking in the ChinGently raising the head and tucking in the Chin
This movement straightens the neck, raises the chest and
shoulders
This movement straightens the neck, raises the chest and
shoulders
Bring the load as close to the body as possibleBring the load as close to the body as possible
6} Put Down with Care6} Put Down with Care
The load should be kept as close to the body as
possible
The load should be kept as close to the body as
possible
Use a staggered foot position for stabilityUse a staggered foot position for stability
If lowering to the floor, avoid looking down
If lowering to the floor, avoid looking down
Avoid twisting the trunk or over
stretching
Avoid twisting the trunk or over
stretching
54
Team HandlingTeam Handling
Manual Handling Operations Regulations Manual Handling Operations Regulations
• Two person team, 1/3 the sum of individuals
• Three person team, 1/2 the sum of individuals
• Similar build and physical capability.
55
ConclusionConclusion• Manual Handling involves the transporting or
supporting of loads• Acute & Chronic Injuries can Occur• You MUST Obey Regulations• Use Kinetic Lifting Technique• Look after your back
58©©NC Hughes NC Hughes 20102010
Risk Assessment
Risk assessments are a way to identify risks so that steps can be taken to prevent accidents and injuries
You must sign to confirm you have read and understood the risk assessments that apply to you and your work.
Risk Assessments
Not ALL risk assessments will be written down!!
You will also assess risks when you are on a job to ensure you can do it safely.
• Protection of the Body
• Protection of the Mind
• Illness resulting from Materials, Processes or procedures used in the work place…
WelfareWelfare• The provision of facilities to maintain the
Health and Wellbeing of individuals in the workplace…
HazardHazard
• A condition, activity or practice with the potential to cause damage, injury or other loss.
- The Potential to cause Harm…
AccidentAccident
• Any unplanned event that results in injury or ill health of people
• Or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or the environment
• Or a loss of a business opportunity
Reasonably PracticableReasonably Practicable
• The degree of Risk must be balanced against the cost to combat it…
Management of Health & Safety Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999at Work Regulations 1999
• Every employee shall use any machinery, equipment provided to him by his employer in accordance with any training that has been provided to him by the employer.
72
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
• Identify significant Risks• Identify suitable measures that need to be
taken to comply with strategy provisions• Appropriate to the nature of the work • Remain valid for a reasonable amount of
time…
5 Steps to Risk Assessment5 Steps to Risk Assessment
1. Identify Hazards
2. Who might be harmed & How?
3. Evaluate the Risks
4. Record Findings
5. Review Regularly
Who might be Harmed?Who might be Harmed?
• Employees
• Non-Employees
- Visitors
- Contractors
- Members of the Public
Who might be Harmed?Who might be Harmed?
• Young People• New or Expectant Mothers• Home or Travelling Workers• Disabled Individuals• Lone Workers• Maintenance Workers
Risk Assessment Risk Assessment
• A careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm.
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
•Employers must avoid all hazardous manual handling activities where it is reasonably practical to do so.
If it is not practical to do so, they must make a suitable and sufficient risk assessment.
They must take appropriate action to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably practicable.
Control MeasuresControl Measures
• Eliminate• Reduce / Replace• Isolate• Control • PPE• Discipline
(ERIC Prevents Death)
ConclusionConclusion
• Follow Rules & Regulations• Keep up to date with current legislation• Take reasonable care for the health & safety
of yourselves and others• Cooperate with your employer & others• Do not misuse or interfere with safety
provisions.• Follow your employers Risk Assessments &
Guidelines
Training
All staff will have general training in:-
InductionH&SEmergency proceduresSpecific training when necessary i.e asbestos
awareness, BBV etcUse of work equipment
Reporting Accidents, Incidents & Near Misses Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations
Any accidents, incidents or near misses must be reported to H&S as well as your line manager.
If we don’t know about it, we can’t do anything about it!!
Good Housekeeping
Store Things Safely!!!
When you have finished with tools/equipment put it away in the right place
Don’t leave work materials lying around in public areas, in stairs, walkways or in front of doors
Keep substances in the proper labelled containers Don’t overload shelving or cupboards
Good Housekeeping
Help keep your workplace tidy
Wipe up spills immediately using the right equipment for the job and the correct PPE
Clean up clutter and keep work surfaces and your vehicles tidy. This is to ensure materials and equipment is stored securely and prevents any damages
It is your responsibility to keep your vehicles in a safe and tidy manner.
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