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Agenda
Space MattersProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Prof. Dr. Christine Kohlert
CampusAnalystTowards a spatial benchmarking system for university campuses A case study of the university Hamm-Lippstadt
Santiago de Chile – Space Syntax Symposium 8 January 2012
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Holistic planning process for lively universities
University planning
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Patterns in behaviour change
The internet affects our perception of space and time New learning methods evolve, which are based on new
ways of acquiring knowledge Demographic change of the population Lifelong learning Financial context changes,
higher level of competition, pressure on resources
The role of public buildings in the community changes, higher participation
Mixture of life, learning and leisure
University planning
4
In this context it is no longer enough to provide any university spaces
As a growing challenge it is important, to create a consistent environment
An holistic concept is necessary to generate places for essential and inspiring communication and to make sure the required work / study can be done in the right environment
Thereby space has a crucial role
most important the right in-between space
… the right space
University planning
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Contact/exchange
Cooperation
Time between activities
Transfer between different areas, exchange between departments
Work, eat, talk, rest
Natural traffic areas change, ad hoc they could become workspaces
In-between space
In-between spaces
University planning
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Integral planning approach Holistic method - Connection and linking of all processes
Structural base
HSEP
NQM
FMQ
PPD
Preliminary design
Design
Communication / Project ManagementDefinition of project goalsfunction, form, time, costs
Completion
• Functional and creative requirements
Structural base Function scheme Space scheme
Structural requirements Analysis space schemes Constructional planning building structure Efficiency Cost fixation Sustainability
method
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Requirement Planning Continuous support of our clients to strengthen user and operator
Investment and operational costsMio €
Decision Planning Execution Operation
t
Project information
Cost influence
Project profile definiton
Development planning
Competition management
User and Quality management
FM - Qualification
method
Equipment and furniture planning
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Tools for active user involvement
Space Syntax in the planning process
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Key IssuesProblems in University Locational Development Strategies
Space Syntax in the planning process
Urban fabric Way finding Movement Communication
Street SegmentAnalysis
Campus StructureAnalysis
Agent Analysis Visibility GraphAnalysis
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Goal for the new universities in Hamm and in Lippstadt
Integration of the campus in the urban fabric
Linkages between different disciplines to increase change encounter and encourage informal communication
Flexibility and variability of the building structure
Space Syntax in the planning process
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Question: connection to town center, station and industries
Catchment area – red = 400m
blue > 6km
Space Syntax in the planning process – Road/StreetSegment Analysis – metric distance
Campus
Town Centre
Station
Motorway
Motorway
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
IndustryTown Centre
Station
Motorway A44
Campus
Hamm LippstadtA2
River Lippe
River Lip
pe
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Goal: good connection to town center, station and surrounding industries
Space Syntax in the planning process – Road/Street Segment Analysis – metric distance
Campus
Town Centre
Station
Motorway
Motorway
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
IndustryTown Centre
Station
Motorway A44
Campus
Hamm LippstadtA2
River Lippe
River Lip
pe
1,5 km east of town center
center + train station can be reached (car) in 5 min
strong link to industries (7-10 km)
closer to town 1km
town smaller, campus closer to center + station
Both campus are located equally well within urbanised area, the city center + industries
There is a good potential for extension close to attractors
as well as to industries (1 to 5 km)
Hamm Lippstadt
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Question: Integration values of Hamm and Lippstadt
Hamm Lippstadt
Campus
B1B55
B55
A2
B63
B63
B61
Campus
Town Centre
Town Centre
Hamm Lippstadt
River Lippe
River Lip
pe
Space Syntax in the planning process - RoadSegment Analysis – global integration
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Goal: Integration to streets / towncity center is very well integrated
north-south and east-west links cross
more anchor university close to city
Campus
B1B55
B55
A2
B63
B63
B61
Campus
Town Centre
Town Centre
Hamm Lippstadt
River Lippe
River Lip
pe
Space Syntax in the planning process - RoadSegment Analysis – global integration
medival city center, pedestrian area, blocked for cars
traffic shift to the east integration north/south axis
town center disconnected by parc
campus connected to highway but disconnected to town
In comparison the Hamm campus is more an integral part of town, an anchor university.
The Lippstadt campus is more independent, not so much an urban catalyst.
Hamm campus is on a secondary road part of the urban grid, while Lippstadt campus is on a global link and more accessible than the town center.
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Spatial structure of the campusMedival structure, crossroad, close to bridgeurban extension: grid structure in the southhighest integration at transition
new development axis: campus – court - station
Space Syntax in the planning process - Street Segment Analysis – local integration
Hamm Lippstadt
Soeststr. Esbecker Str.
Cap
pellstr.
Lan
ge S
tr.
Klosterstr..Station
Weststr.Oststr.
Ostenallee
Nordstr.
Go
eth
estr
.
Marker Allee
Campus
Campus
Station
Han
sastr.
Rixbecker Str.
Sü
der
tor
Beckumer Str.
Südenstr.
Alleestr.
Court
highest integration
Historic core less integrated in surroundingcampus separated at secondary east-west routelinks with station + commercial area,but bypasses the town
Axis separetedIn front of station
Axis bypasses town
Hamm is in more favourable location in terms of the urban structure, combining local and global accessibility, while Lippstadt is good globally but lacks local integration.
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Campus Structure Analysis
Space Syntax in the planning process - Micro analysis – closeness, centrality and hierarchy
Library
Info
Institutes
Auditorium
Canteen
Auditorium
Institutes
Laboratories Laboratories
Canteen
Info
= rooms= connections
grid structure with central + decentral elementsstar shaped around central courtyard +additional ring circulation: main internal corridormultiple entrances, various choices of routes
stairs central, easy wayfinding
centralised structure in shape of starevery building has only one entrance to courtyardcentral structure, more encountersmore depth, means longer ways
buildings hierarchically organised
Contrasting organisational structures, Hamm: grid-shaped, Lippstadt: star-shapedFrom previous research it is expected that there will be more chance encounter on the open courtyard in Lippstadt, but increased distance with the more centralised structure
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Visual Integration – to identify locations that are highly visiblevisual integration in institute buildings is lowseminars close to institutes students go therelabs isolated good privacy, less interaction
Space Syntax in the planning process - Visibility Graph Analysis
Hamm Lippstadt
Laboratories
Library
Canteen
Institutes
Auditorium
Canteen
Auditorium
Institutes
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Info
Info
labs and institutes share one corridore good for interaction between different institutes seminar rooms in auditorium building stronger separation between students and staff
both courtyards are the space with the highest visual integrationall entrances are good integrated as well as the staircases, good orientation inside buildings
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
high visibility spaces these are used for informal communication + breaks Lots of different kinds of spaces, possibility for good meeting pointsi.e. cafeteria, auditorium, entrances due to grid-like organisation
Space Syntax in the planning process - Visibility Graph Analysis - Clustering
hierarchical structure fewer junction points less spaces for informal meetings
Visibility properties in Hamm provide a higher diversity of spatial qualities
In Lippstadt there is integration in fewer junctions and more segregation in the clusters
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Simulated movement paths – shown at noon
Space Syntax in the planning process - Agent Analysis
Hamm Lippstadt
Laboratories
Library
Canteen
Institutes
Auditorium
Canteen
Auditorium
Institutes
LaboratoriesLaboratories
quiet
highest density
highest density
Two different campus concepts have different user pattern:
Hamm: wide courtyard, distributed entrances spread out movement over entire campusLippstadt: compact courtyard, centralised entrances concentrated movement pattern
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Pattern of mobility answers questions of future movements…
Space Syntax in the planning process - Agent Analysis
Hamm
Laboratories
Library
Canteen
Institutes
Auditorium
Where are the main entrances of the campus and the ones mostly used?
Where rest people most likely?
Where will people move between activitiesand the different spaces ?
Where will people meet by accident?
Which paths will people use as starting and ending points?
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Movement density Path overlap shows the movements many persons will use in red and those only few people might walk along in blue.
Space Syntax in the planning process- Agent Analysis
Hamm Lippstadt
Laboratories
Library
Canteen
Institutes
Auditorium
Canteen
Auditorium
Institutes
LaboratoriesLaboratories
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Main findings for these two universitiesThe study shows that the two campus perform very differently
The campus Hamm is more integrated into the urban fabric
it is on a secondary road part of the urban grid
It has a grid-like internal structure
wide courtyard, distributed entrances spread out movement over entire campus
The spaces in the buildings provide a higher diversity of spatial qualities for communication
Hamm is an anchor university
The campus Lippstadt is more globally connected
and is even more accessible than the town center
It has a centralised star-shaped structure
compact courtyard, centralised entrances concentrated movement pattern
It is expected that there will be more chance encounter on the open courtyard
Lippstadt is more independent
Space Syntax in the planning process
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Space Syntax helps to find the right in-between spaces
Study spaces
Spaces for rest
Informal spaces
Meeting spaces
Lounges
…
Space Syntax in the planning process
Treffen
Konferenz
Ereignis
Bibliothek
Informelles Treffen
Besprechen
Konsultation
LesenAusstellung
Arbeitsplatz
Zwischenraum
erfinden
erholen
Pause
Soziale Kontakte
Einzelarbeit
Gruppenarbeitessen
zusammenarbeiten
lernengestalten
netzwerken
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
In-between spaces in Hamm and LippstadtStudy spaces alone and in groups
Lively learning spaces
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
In-between spaces in Hamm and LippstadtLearning spaces and informal meeting areas
Lively learning spaces
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
In-between spaces in Hamm and LippstadtLearning and meeting
Lively learning spaces
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Outlook: Research on university campusCampus location
Space Syntax research for campus planning
Stuttgart
Innsbruck
CottbusPaderbornBordeaux
Hohenheim UlmTübingen
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Outlook: Research on university campusCampus structure
Space Syntax research for campus planning
Stuttgart
Paderborn
Bordeaux
Hohenheim Tübingen
rheform GmbHProf. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Main field of application for university planningHolistic planning process without loosing track of the first idea
Method shows the performance of the universitiy + the overall networking possibilitiesthe accessability of the different buildings + how easy they are to findthe strategic visibilities the patterns of movement at different times of the day
to find out about the possibilities for informal change encounters + communication
and the right in-between spaces to find the best fitting layout in competitions
Space Syntax in the planning process
Thank you!
Munich
rheform - EntwicklungsManagement GmbHHerzogspitalstraße 8D - 80331 Munich
Telefon 089 - 30 90 88 88Telefax 089 - 30 90 88 86
Contact
Prof. Dr. Christine Kohlert
Christine.kohlert@rheform.de
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