Agenda. Review How did Mongol conquest affect Korea? How did the Mongol threat affect Japan? How was...

Agenda

Review

• How did Mongol conquest affect Korea?• How did the Mongol threat affect Japan?• How was the modern state of Vietnam

created?

Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

Objectives

• Describe the environment of tropical Africa and Asia.

• Evaluate how environmental differences shaped cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia.

Essential Questions

• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?

• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

Map 14-1, p. 370

Target: Tropical Lands and Peoples

• The Tropical Environment– Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.– Rainy and dry seasons.– Altitude creates variations.

• Human Ecosystems– Hunters, fishers, herders, farmers

• Water Systems and Irrigation– Vietnam, Java, Malay, Burma – conserved

monsoon rains, terraced.– North and south India – dams, irrigation canals.– Large irrigation systems.• Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)

– Southeast Asia – canals.

• Mineral Resources– Ironworking – hoes, axes, knives.– Copper – wire, currency, statues.– Gold.

Essential Questions

• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?

• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

Agenda

Review

• What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia?

• How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

Objectives

• Identify the circumstances under which the first Islamic empires arose in Africa and India.

Essential Questions

• Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?

Map 14-2, p. 373

Target: New Islamic Empires

• Mali (Western Sudan)– Muslim rule (600’s on) stimulated Saharan trade.– Muslim Berbers defeated Ghana (1076), did little

to spread Islam.– Muslim attacks on Christian Nubian kingdoms

(1200s).– Ethiopia remained Christian.

– Sub-Sahara – gradual and peaceful conversion. – Expansion of commercial contacts in western

Sudan and East African coast.

– Well-developed agricultural base, control of regional trans-Saharan trade routes.

– Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337)• Ibn Battuta visited (1352-1354) during reign of Mansa

Suleiman (r. 1341-1360).• Fall – rebellions, outside attacks.

• Delhi Sultanate in India– Turkish dynasty captured Delhi (late 1100s).– 1206-1236 – Muslim invaders extended rule• Movement away from brutal conquerors.• Conquered peoples received protection for tax.

– Sultan Ala-ud-din Khalji (r. 1296-1316) increased control over outlying provinces.

– Firuz Shah (r. 1352-1388)• Taxed Brahmins. Built mosques, colleges, and hospitals.

– Terror, harsh military, pillage, and high taxes.

– Personal and religious rivalries within Muslim elite, Hindu discontent.• Bahmani kingdom (1347-1482).• Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565)

– By 1351, all of south India had cast off Delhi rule, north India rebelled.

Essential Questions

• Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?

Agenda

Review

• How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade?

• How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?

Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

Objectives

• Identify how the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tied together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe.

• Describe how cultural and ecological differences promoted trade.

• Describe how this trade and other contacts promoted state growth and the spread of Islam.

Essential Questions

• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?

• How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade?

• How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?

Map 14-3, p. 376

Target: Indian Ocean Trade

• 14th century fall of Mongol Empire disrupted overland routes.

• 1200-1500: trade increased and facilitated spread of Islam.

• Monsoon Mariners– Demand for luxuries rose.– Several legs of voyage.– Dhows – Arabian Sea vessel.

p. 381

– Junks in China.– Decentralized and cooperative commercial

interest connected the Indian Ocean regions.

• Africa: The Swahili Coast and Zimbabwe– City-states by 1500 as a result of expanded trade.– Common culture and language built on African

grammar and vocabulary, many Arabic and Persian terms, Arabic script.• Swahili.

– Kilwa.

– Great Zimbabwe• Stone structures.• Farming and cattle herding, long-distance trade (gold

and salt).• Decline – most likely forest depletion and overgrazing.

• Arabia: Aden and the Red Sea– Aden – monsoon winds = drinking water and grain

for export.– Common commercial interests = good relations

among religions and cultures.

• India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast– Gujarat prospered from the Arabian Sea and the

Delhi Sultanate.• Merchants helped spread Islam.• Manufactured goods for trade.

• Southeast Asia– Strait of Malacca• Political rivalry (14th and 15th centuries).• Siam, Majapahit.

– Malacca• Alliance with China. • Ruler’s conversion to Islam promoted trade with

Muslim merchants.• Southeast Asian products.

Essential Questions

• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?

• What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?

Agenda

Review

• How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe?

• What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?

Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

Objectives

• Describe the social and cultural changes reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period.

Essential Questions

• What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?

Target: Social and Cultural Change

• Architecture, Learning, and Religion– Social and cultural changes affected cities more

than rural areas.– Blend of old and new.– Mosques, churches, temples – centers of

education and prayer.

• Muslim scholars.• Muslim rulers seldom required conversion.– Merchants, Muslim domination of trade,

marriage.– Invasions eliminated last strongholds of Buddhism.

• Social and Gender Distinctions– Growth in Hindu slavery with Muslim expansion.– African slaves - military and administration of

some Indian states.– Slaves worked in trades, military units, copper

mines, as servants.

• Status of Hindu women improved.– Sati was optional.– Seldom played role in commerce, administration,

or religion.• Adopting Islam did not always mean adopting

Arab social customs.

Essential Questions

• What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?