AGE OF JACKSON

AGE OF JACKSON

THE ELECTION OF 1824 4 major candidates:

Andrew Jackson John Quincy AdamsHenry ClayWilliam Crawford

FAVORITE SON CANDIDATE A candidate who receives support from

their state/region instead of the national party.

Clay-West (KY) Jackson- West (TN)Adams- Northeast (MA)

MAJORITY More than ½

A candidate needs a majority to win the presidency

PLURALITY The largest share

Plurality does not win a presidential election

“CORRUPT BARGAIN” Clay gives his votes to Adams in

exchange for becoming the Secretary of State.

ELECTION OF 1828 Mudslinging– Attempts to ruin your

opponents with insults

Jackson Wins!

JACKSON “Old Hickory”

Got the name from his troops who said he was as tough as a hickory stick

SPOILS SYSTEM Replacing government employees with

the winning candidate’s supporters

“THE TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS” Tariff passed by Jackson to help

American manufacturers

Southerners hate the new tariff– it raises prices on goods, but doesn’t help them.

NULLIFICATION The cancellation of a federal bill by a

state.

Many feared it would lead to secession.

CONFLICTS OVER LAND

Section 11.2

CHEROKEE NATION The Cherokee (GA, AL, MS) did many

things to show they were a nationCherokee ConstitutionCherokee AlphabetCherokee SchoolsCherokee NewspapersFarmed

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Passed in 1830

Allowed the government to pay Native Americans to move from their lands.

INDIAN TERRITORY Present-day

Oklahoma

Where Native Americans were moved to.

JOHN MARSHALL’S RULING The Cherokee nation took the

government to court.

Chief Justice Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee

Andrew Jackson– “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

TRAIL OF TEARS 1838

Federal troops led Cherokee from their lands and moved west.

Brutal weather, treatment, and conditions, led to many deaths

OSCEOLA Seminole Chief

Led many successful raids against US Forts.

ONE NATION RESISTED MORE THAN OTHERS Seminoles

Used Guerilla Tactics—Hit and run style

JACKSON AND THE BANK

Section 11.3

JACKSON VS. THE BANK Jackson always hated the Bank of the

United States

He thought it was ran by and benefitted only rich people

Nicholas Biddle– the bank’s president, Jackson’s nemesis

A VETO A rejection of a bill by a president

Jackson used the veto more than any other president

JACKSON KILLS THE BANK The bank needed to be re-chartered to

keep going

Jackson vetoes the charter, ending the bank

ECONOMIC DEPRESSION A time where business and employment

fall to a low level

The Panic of 1837 causes one

Pres. Van Buren decides not to intervene

LAISSEZ FAIRE DEMOCRACY “Let it be”

The government should interfere as little as possible in economics

THE WHIGS A new political party, against Van Buren

Nominated William Henry Harrison to run against Van Buren

HARRISON WINS! Log Cabin Campaign– Presents Harrison

as a common man and Van Buren as a snob.

CHAPTER 12Manifest Destiny

THE OREGON COUNTRY The Area between the Pacific Ocean and

the Rocky Mountains, north of California

MANY COUNTRIES CLAIMED THE OREGON TERRITORY United States Britain Spain Russia

THE FIRST OREGON SETTLERS Mountain men and fur trappers

Looking for beaver pelts and other animals

PRAIRIE SCHOONERS So many wagons moving west, it looked

like many ships going out to sea

MANIFEST DESTINY The idea that the US was destined to

have a country that covered the whole continent

FIFTY FOUR-FORTY OR FIGHT!! The US should not take less than a

northern border of 54’40” Latitude

They settle at 49

INDEPENDENCE FOR TEXAS

12.2

DAVEY CROCKETT Famous outdoorsman from Tennessee

Lost seat in congress, moved to Texas

TEJANOS Residents of Texas, Mexican citizens

THE OLD THREE HUNDRED The first three hundred American

families to settle in TX– led by Stephen F Austin

MEXICAN GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE 1830– A decree that bans all

immigration from the US

AUSTIN’S DEMANDS 1. Remove the ban on US settlement 2. Make Texas a separate state

Santa Anna: Yes to 1, no to 2

THE BATTLE OF THE ALAMO 180 Texans barricaded inside a mission

After a 12 day siege, the Mexican army is victorious

BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO Sam Houston gathers troops to attack

Santa Anna

“Remember the Alamo”

It led to Santa Anna signing a treaty that recognizes Texas’ independence

DEBATE OVER ANNEXATION Should Texas become a state?

They would like to be

Only problem– Should they come in as a slave state or a free state?

HOW IS IT SOLVED? Congress is divided on the subject

President James Polk campaigns for it– Manifest Destiny supporters pass it. Texas becomes a state--1845

WAR WITH MEXICO/NEW SETTLERS IN CALIFORNIA

AND UTAH12.3 and 12.4

BEGINNING OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR America tries to provoke Mexico into war

This is a way to gain California and New Mexico

Disputed border– Rio Grande or Nueces

Zachary Taylor brings troops to disputed land, attacked by Mexican troops

War is on

POLK’S WAR PLAN 3 parts

1. Drive Mexican troops out of disputed area2. Seize New Mexico and California3. Capture Mexico City

CAPTURE OF MEXICO CITY Led by Winfield Scott

Took about a month before surrender (9/1847)

American battle tolls1721 to battle11,000 to disease

TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO Ends the Mexican-American War

THE FORTY-NINERS Gold discovered in California in 1848

People flood in from around the world in 1849

CALIFORNIOS Mexican-Californians, became US

citizens after treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

BOOMTOWNS Cities that grew overnight

Crowded and busy

Merchants made the best profit

THE MORMON TRAIL Mormons– An offshoot of the Christian

religion

Started in New York, then Illinois, before finishing in Utah

Leaders– Joseph Smith, Brigham Young