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AG BIO - McKee
Structures & Functions
The Cell
What is “Cell Theory”? The idea that all living things are made up
of cells.
What’s so special about cells?
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
Yeast Cells
Where do cells come from?
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Bean Cells in Mitosis
Definition of the Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Would you like to see some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.
Remember… These are
magnified images taken with microscopes
Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.
Nerve Cell
Bacteria Cell
Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.
Brain Cell
Cornstalk Cells
Mammalian Tissue
•Smooth muscle are structurally the simplest muscle cells
•Provide contractile forces for most internal organs
•Controls flow of blood through vessels and moves food through digestive tract.
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic One-celled
organisms
Example: Bacteria
Few internal structures surrounded by membranes
Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab
Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Humans & Animals
“Typical” Animal Cell
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell WallPlant, not animal cellsOuter layer, rigid, strong, stiffMade of cellulose
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell MembranePlant & animal cellsProtects the cellLets things in and out of the
cellLocation: around the cell
Nucleus Plant & animal
cells Large & oval Control center Location:
Inside the cell, Near the center
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Parts and FunctionsNucleolus (Nucleoli)Plant & animal cellsMakes ribosomesLocation: inside the nucleus (dark spot)
Nuclear MembranePlant & animal cellsProtects around nucleusLets things in/out of nucleus (pores)Selectively permeable cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoplasm Plant & Animal Clear, thick, jellylike Holds all organelles in cell Location: in cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Chromatin/Chromosomes In Plant & Animal Cells Contains genetic
information/traits Location: In nucleus
Cell Parts and Functions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Plant & animal cells Network of tubes and membranes Transports materials and sends messages to all
parts of the cell Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes) Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear
membrane
Rough E.R.
Cell Parts and Functions
Ribosome Plant & Animal Cells Makes proteins Small circular shape Location:
In Cytoplasm or Attached to E.R.
Mitochondria Plant & animal Bean shaped with inner membranes Makes energy/powerhouse Breaks down sugar into energy Location: In Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell Structure & FunctionVacuolePlant = few/largeAnimal = smallFluid filled sacsStores food, water &
wasteLocation: In cytoplasm
Vacuole
What does a vacuole remind you of?
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Located in Plant & Animal Cells Packages and secretes Gets rid of waste Location: in cytoplasm
What does a Golgi Body remind you of?
GOLGI APPARATUS
Cell Parts and FunctionsLysosomePlant & Animal CellsContains digestive enzymesDestroys bacteria, old cell parts…Location: in cytoplasm
CentriolesPlant & Animal CellsHelps the cell to divideLocation: in cytoplasm
Cell Parts and Functions
CiliaMost Plant, Animal & Bacteria CellsShort hair-like projections Used for movementLocation: outside of cell
FlagellaMost Plant, Animal & Bacteria CellsLong whip-like tailUsed for movementLocation: outside of cell
What’s that?
?
Cell Structures and Functions
ChloroplastOnly in plant cellsContains chlorophyllMakes plants greenTraps light energy from the sunLight Energy = Chemical Energy(Where photosynthesis occurs)Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant
Cell Structures and Functions
Plastids Found in Plant Cells Stores extra food Located in cytoplasm
Can you name these plant cell parts?
A.
B.
C.
Cell Parts and Functions
CytoskeletonAlso called
MicrofilamentPlant & Animal CellsMade of thin hallow
tubesLike a spider webSupports & transports“Super Highway”
Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100-fold magnification.)
Can you name these animal cell parts?
Cell Membrane
Rough E.R.
Ribosome's
Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments
Mitochondria
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