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ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND STRATEGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
At Workshop on Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycle and Reuse
June 15 & 16-2012, NCL, Pune
Water & Wastewater treatment technology focused venture.
Engaged in:
Research and Development of Electrochemical process based water and wastewater solutions.
Development of Low cost wastewater treatment & reusesolution for local industries.
Development of Chemical free disinfection, sanitation and cleaning process for industries, hospitals, hotels and domestic applications.
Sector focus:
Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food processing, Textile, Metal processing and Dairy
Medical and Hospitality industry
About XH2O Solutions
Part 1: STATE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS
StateNumber of CETPs studied by CPCB
CETPs complying pH, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS
standards
AP 2 0Delhi 10 3
Gujarat 15 0Haryana 1 1*
Karnataka 2 0
Maharashtra 9 0
MP 1 0
Punjab 1 1
Rajasthan 5 0
Tamilnadu 29 0
Status of Water Treatment in India
Source: Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India, CPCB , OCT 2005
Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India
Status of Wastewater Treatment in India
Individual units from textile processors to chemical
industries are unable to meet the discharge
standards using conventional treatment process.
Existing treatment schemes are unable to handle
ever increasing hydraulic load.
Poor technological combination for wastewater
treatment is discouraging water reuse and recycling.
Untreated wastewater from sewerage and chemical
plants is leading to irreversible environmental
impact which are not evident at present.
Dismal % of water reuse in domestic areas and
industries like textile, food processing is leading to
depletion of groundwater tables to un-sustainable
level.
Part 2: REASONS FOR NON-PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
performance of CETPs has been found to be veryunsatisfactory, largely because of poor operation andmaintenance.
Operation of treatment units based on biologicaltreatment (Activated Sludge Process) is sensitive andrequires understanding of important controllingparameters
The CETP(s) remove only 40% of the COD, BOD and mostof the time the BOD of the treated waste waters is above100 mg/l as against limiting standard of 30 mg/l
CETP Balotra is of 6 MLD capacity, however it received12 MLD influent. As a result, 6 MLD was being dischargeddirectly in to the river, without any treatment.
Influent characteristics and hydraulic load are notrepresentative of actual design criteria.
the design concentration of influent COD is 1000mg/l butactual influent concentration of COD is more than3000mg/l..
Modular design of ETP is an important concept in properhandling of variable hydraulic load. Unfortunately, exceptin few CETPs, no CETP has modular arrangement
Comments by CPCB on existing CETP design and operation
Source: Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India, CPCB , OCT 2005
Principle bottlenecks of present wastewater treatment systems Small, Medium and Large
High volume of wastewater.
Very Scarce space available for in-plant treatment.
Complex and unpredictable nature of wastewater with dyes, auxiliaries, bio-refractory compounds.
Biological treatment unable to handle organic and hydraulic loads.
Larger treatment plant based on biological system are not viable from engineering and economic point.
Manpower is not readily available to handle conventional plants.
Solid waste resulting from conventional treatment is an issue
Part 3: ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS A PRACTICAL ANSWER TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Advanced Oxidation Treatment
Characteristics Ideal Oxidation Process
The process is versatile to treatwide variety of wastewater.
Advanced Oxidation can handlewide range of COD/BOD andrefractory compounds.
It employ readily availablechemicals, process and materialsfor radical generation.
AOP has a low foot printcompared to conventionalprocess.
Changes the water characteristicslike TDS to a minimum.
Most of AOP have a manageableoperating cost and capital cost.
AOP are modular in nature.
Advanced Oxidation Treatment
Advanced Oxidation Treatment
Classic Fenton Oxidation
Simple to implement Low capital cost Broad range of treatability Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective as pre-treatment to biological
process
Advanced Oxidation Treatment
Electro - Fenton Oxidation
Less sludge formation than fenton Effective against high COD wastewater and
fenton refractory wastewater Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective as pre-treatment to biological
process
Advanced Oxidation Treatment
Fluidized Bed Oxidation
Less sludge formation than fenton. Suited for treatment of high volumes of
wastewater with low COD value Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective polishing step for CETPs, Municipal
Sewerage Treatment etc.
Advanced Oxidation Treatment with BDD electrode
Electrochemical Oxidation Process
Zero Sludge process Suited to work as stand alone treatment
process Non-selective oxidation of organics Capital intensive process Right selection of electrode and operating
condition is critical
Part 4: COMPARISON OF AOP WITH OTHER ADVANCED TREATMENT PROCESS
Which AOP to Choose from?
Fenton FamilyTreatment
Electro Chemical Oxidation
Ozone based process Photo Oxidation
Easy installation , low capital cost
Selection of Electrode critical, high capital cost of electrode
High capital cost for ozone generation system
High capital cost for UV generating and transmission process
Addresses wide range of COD
More suitable to highCOD wastewater
More suitable for decolorization of textile wastewater
Limited application to wastewater with simple organics
Generates less than 1% of solid waste post treatment
Treatment is sludge less in operation, but chlorine generation can be an issue for discharge
Treatment is sludge less in operation
Treatment is sludge less in operation
Easily implementable at every stage of treatment
More suited to streamspecific treatment
Needs ozone and peroxide as additional oxidants to be effective
Cannot be applied to heavily contaminated wastewater streams
Technology is developed for full scale implementation
Technology still movingfrom pilot to plant scale
Technology still at pilot scale
Technology still at lab and pilot scale
Part 5 : AOP case studies
Case study: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation using BDD
Source: Advanced Oxidation Inc., UK
COD TOCRAW 46,650 19,500
TREATED 100 235
Case study: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation using BDD
Oil & Gas processing
COD
RAW 245,560
TREATED 2,890
Case study: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation using BDD
CARAMEL PROCESSING
Treatment
stage COD
Raw 18848
After primary 5555
Oxidation
hour 1 1428
Oxidation
hour 2 1000
Oxidation
hour 3 500
Oxidation
hour 4 100
73%
27%
Primary Oxidation
Case study: Novel Coagulants + Electro-Oxidation
Impact of primary treatment with novel coagulants:
Case study: Classic Fenton Oxidation for treatment of Textile Wastewater
Parameter Inlet Outlet
COD (mg/lit)
3,150 40-120
Toxicity 100% 0-5%
Source: Krzysztof BARBUSISKI, Prof., Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology,
Case study: Classic Fenton Oxidation for treatment of Dyestuff Wastewater
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Raw Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Neutral
The Dyestuff wastewater contained polymeric dye molecules and solvents like Tributylamine
Case study: Fenton v/s Electro Fenton
Treatment time of > 2000 min with Fenton
Treatment time of < 500 min with Electro Fenton
Source: Ricky Priambodo, Yu-Jen Shih, Yu-Jen Huang and Yao-Hui Huang,
CODin=2000 mg/L,30 CMD, CODr= 80%
Treatment of refractory compounds with Electro-Advanced Oxidation
Case study: Electro-Fenton as Stand alone treatment
Source: Paper IndustryWastewater, 2nd clarifiereffluent
Inlet COD: 500 mg/L
Outlet COD: 60 mg/L
Design Capacity: 64,000m3/day
Economic treatment of low COD high volume wastewater
Case study: End of Pipe Treatment
Source: Paper IndustryWastewater, 2nd clarifiereffluent
Inlet COD: 270 mg/L
Outlet COD:
Part 6: SELECTING RIGHT AOP
4 StepsTo Waste Water Treatment with Advanced Oxidation
Implementing Advanced Oxidation Technologies
Step 1: Research :Understand the problem
COD / BOD
pH, Primary treatment,Bio-refractory, Solvent,Heavy Metal, Ammonia,Phenols, Space, SolidWaste, Manpower, Automation, Raw material, etc.
Step 2: Ideate :Knowing the Technologies
Biological treatment
Evaporation / Incineration
Advanced Treatment TechnologiesNovel coagulants, Electro-coagulation, Electrooxidation,
Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Process (AEOP), Fenton oxidation, Electro-Fenton, Sludge-less Fenton, Nano-Fenton
Step 3: Prototype and pilot
Source: Semiconductor Wastewater
Inlet COD: 11,000 mg/L
Design COD Removal: 90%
Design Capacity: 1m3/day
Treatment of refractory compounds with Advanced Oxidation
Step 4: Testing
Pilot Testing of any AOP is critical to its
selection
XH2O Solution has developed pilot
testing facility for Fenton, Electro
Fenton, Fluidized Bed Fenton , Electro
Oxidation and BDD Electro Oxidation
technologies
The test can range from few liters to few
hundred liters to access the scalability of
the treatment process
Part 7: APPLICATION OF AOP IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
Advanced Oxidation Treatment as an End of Pipe Solution
Conventional wastewater treatment offers limited options post biologicaltreatment.
There is a vacuum of technological options for meeting ultimate dischargeand reuse norms post biological treatment.
Advanced Oxidation process can be used as an last resort treatment tomeet stringent discharge norms.
Ideally suited for removal of residual toxicity from waste water. For reduction of COD < 1000 ppm. To meet norms for reuse of wastewater. Applicable in CETPs, Chemical complexes, Municipal sewerage systems
Advanced Oxidation Treatment as an Stand Alone Treatment process
Small and Medium scale industries have limited treatment options fortreatment of High COD and Biorefractory wastewater.
Limited expertise, infrastructure for wastewater treatment limits the abilityof industry to meet even simple CETP inlet norms.
Versatile treatment for wide range of wastewater stream. A low foot print technology is well suited for small and medium scale
industries. Easily expandable and automatic in operation.
Advanced Oxidation Treatment as Buffer to Biological Treatment Process
Single Bio-refractory wastewater stream can destabilize the entiretreatment process for days.
80% of wastewater treatment issue are due to 20% of wastewater streams. Present technologies are unable to address such streams separately.
Several AOP can be combined for treatment of each specific stream. AOP can be installed at the point of wastewater generation. Stream specific AOP can improve the performance of biological
treatment system.
Tertiary treatment:GAC AdsorptionMembrane FiltrationIon ExchangeRO systemChemical Oxidation
Bio-treatment
Pre-treatment
Industrial Wastewater
Effluent
BiosludgeChemical
Sludge
Biodegradable Wastewater
FeRed Fenton
Non-Biodegradable Wastewater
Conventional Fenton
Fluidized-Bed Fenton
Application of Advanced Oxidation Technologies in Wastewater treatment system
Why first step with Advanced Oxidation technologies is easy?
Process is modular
Process have very low foot print
Process is scalable
Process can be fully automated
Process is flexible
Process is complementary
Thank YouFor more information contact: concepts@xh2osolutions.com
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