ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS. I.The methodology of survey research Descriptive research, also known as...
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- ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS
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- I.The methodology of survey research Descriptive research, also
known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics
about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive
research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how.
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- Free Powerpoint Templates Page 3 The methodology of survey
research The description is used for frequencies, averages and
other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to
writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey
investigation.
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- Descriptive research influences what television programs we
see, the type automobiles that will be produced, the fashion we
wear and what issues and topics we will confronted with. In short
descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and
studied.
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- Survey A survey is a data collection tool used to gather
information about individuals. The major purpose of all surveys is
to describe the characteristics of a population. The methodology of
conducting a survey involves a series of detailed steps. The
initial step is to define the research problem.
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- Sampling
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- Data collection Data collection is a term used to describe a
process of preparing and collecting data - for example as part of a
process improvement or similar project. The purpose of data
collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make
decisions about important issues, to pass information on to
others.
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- Questionnaire surveys. Background or demographic information
about the respondent is important in that it identifies the
individual in terms of classifying variables for the analysis.
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- Closed-ended & Open-ended questions Closed-ended questions
are easy to use, score and code for analysis on a computer.Since
all subjects respond to the same options, standardized data are
provided. They are somewhat more difficult to write than open-ended
questions. Open-ended questions allow for more individualized
responses, but they are sometimes difficult to interpret.They are
also hard to score, since so many different kinds of responses are
received.
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- Advantages & disadvantages of using closed-ended &
open-ended questions.
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- Advantages Closed-ended Enhaces consistency of response across
respondents Easier & faster to tabulate More popular with
respondents Open-ended Allows more freedom of response Easier to
construct Permits follow-up by interviewer
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- Disadvantages Closed-ended May limit breadth of responses Takes
more time to construct Requires more questions to cover the
research topic Open-ended Responses tend to be inconsistent in
length and content across respondents Both questions and responses
subject to misinterpretation Harder to tabulate and
synthesize.
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- The Cover Letter The cover letter is an essential part of any
survey involving a questionnaire.It is the mechanism for
introducing individuals to the questionnaire and motivate them to
respond.The letter should be straighfoward, explaining the purpose
and penitential value of the survey and transmitting the message
that an individuals response is important.
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- Interview Surveys The interview should be structured to obtain
the necessary information efficiently in a friendly but
businesslike atmosphere. If possible there should be some accuracy
checks on the responses.
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- Analyzing the result Survey data can be analyzed using any
appropriate procedures, and in many surveys at least part of the
results are reported in a descriptive manner.Persentages or
proportions of respondents selecting the options for an item are
often provided.
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- References HOW TO DESIGN AND EVALUATE RESEARCH IN EDUCATION
Jack R. Praenkel Norman E. Wallen RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION.
William Wiersma Stephen G.Jurs EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH COMPETENCIES
FOR ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS. L. R. Gay, Geoffrey E. Mills, Peter
Airasian 100 QUESTIONS ABOUT RESEARCH METHODS. Neil J. Salkind
FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Gary Anderson
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- Fidan Agasiyeva 18 October 2011