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þvufpGJpmtkyfonf
&yf&GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;twGuf
avhusifhxm;aom &yf&GmrSapwemh0efxrf;rsm;?
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;udk
vufawGUusifhoHk;aqmif&Gufolrsm;?
uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;twGuf &nf&G,fygonf/
Oa,smZOf
2008 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHodkU 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhaom em*pfrkefwdkif;onf jrefrmEkdifiHordkif;wGif
tqdk;½Gm;qHk;obm0ab;qdk; jzpfcJhonf/ xkdtjzpftysufonf obm0tEå&m,fwdkUrS vlwdkUtm;'ku©
tBuD;rm;qHk;ay;EkdifaMumif;udk azmfjyaeayonf/ xkdUtjyif ¤if;tjzpftysufonf ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkUtm;BudKwif
umuG,f&efESifhab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfEkdifonfh taMumif;w&m;wdkUudk avQmhcs&eftwGuf aus;½GmtqifhrS
pwifvkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfaMumif;udkrD;armif;xdk;jyaeayonf/
ordkif;tpOftvmt& jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rkefwdkif;'Pf? a&vTrf;rdk;rI? rdk;acgifrI? qlemrD ESifh rD;ab;tEÅ&m,f
wdkUusa&mufEkdifacs½Sdayonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif;\ oifcef;pmaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f
avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif&eff tcGifhtvrf;rsm;yGifhvmonf/
rnfonfhobm0ab;tEÅ&m,fwGifrqdk? yxrqHk;wkefYjyefaqmif½Gufolrsm;rSmjynfol vlxkyifjzpfonf/
jynfolvlxkonf olwdkUwwfEdkifoa½GUenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufNyD; yxrem&Dydkif;
twGif;wkefUjyefEkdifMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh jynfolvlxk tajcjyK obm0ab;tEå&m,f BudKwifumuG,fa&;onf
rnfonfhobm0 ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;pDrHudef;wGifrqdk t"dutcef;u@rS yg0ifayonf/ jynfolvlxk
onf olwdkUaexdkif&ma'o\ yx0Dtaetxm;? ab;uif;&ma½Smifwdef;onfhvrf;aMumif;? rdrd\ tm;omcsuf?
tm;enf;csufwdkUudk od½Sdem;vnf&efvdkayonf/ odkUrSom jynfolvlxk taejzifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkUukd
xda&mufpGm &ifqdkifajz½Sif;Ekdifayrnf/ xdkodkUjzpfay: vmap&ef jynfolvlxkonf obm0ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcs
umuG,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&efvdktyfayonf/
þodkUjzifh jynfolvlxk\ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f trsKd;rsKd;wdkUtm; &ifqdkifEkdifpGrf;&nfudk jr§ifhwifay;&ef
ESifh xda&mufpGmajz½Sif;onfh enf;pepfrsm;udkoifMum;ay;&ef tvGefvdktyfvSonf/ xkdvkyfief;pOfudk
vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf jynfolvlxk tajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,f tuJjzwfrIrsm;? t&if;tjrpfjyajryHkrsm;? aqG;aEG;
wdkifyifrIjzifh&vmonfh ab;tEÅ&m,f umuG,fa&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxktwGif;½Sd t&if;tjrpfESifh
tm;omcsufrsm;udk jyifqifxm;rS omatmifjrifrI&Ekdifayonf/
uRefawmftm;&pGmjzifh azmfjyvdkonfrSm þvufpGJpmtkyfonf vufawGUvkyfief;pOfrsm;ay: tajcjyKí
jynfolvlxk\ tBuHjyKcsufrsm;jzifh jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfayonf/ uRefawmfhtaejzifh þuJhodkUjynfolvlxktwGuf
obm0ab; tEÅ&m,fwdkUudkpepfwus xda&mufpGmwkefYjyefEdkifaprnfh vufpJGpmtkyfjzpfay:vmap&ef
yg0ifulnDcJhMuonfh ukvor*¾tzJGUtpnf;rsm;? jynfwGif; tifef*sDtdk? jynfytifef*sDtdkrsm;ESifh ab;tEå&m,f
avQmhcsa&;tvkyftrIaqmiftzJGUwdkUtm; aus;Zl;wif½Sdygonf/ þvufpGJpmtkyfonf jynfolvlxk\
touftdk;tdrf? pnf;pdrfrsm;tm;xda&mufpGmumuG,fEkdifa&;twGuf jynfolvlxk\ tm;enf;csufrsm;udk
avQmhyg;apNyD;? tm;omcsufrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;&ef taxmuftyhHjyKayonf/
þvufpJGpmtkyfonf e,fy,ftrsdK;rsdK;½Sd obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f avQmhcsa&; wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh
yk*¾dKvfrsm;? jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh oufqdkif&m tzJGUtpnf;trsdK;rsdK; wdkUtwGuf obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f'PfwdkUudk
atmifjrifpGm &ifqdkifEdkifvmap&efESifh ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;vGwfonfh tem*wfudk wnfaqmufvmEdkifap&ef
vrf;ñTefay;Edkifvdrfh rnf[k,HkMunfarQmfvifhygonf/
bD½Id;bD? yg&m*sKvD
Bishow B. ParajuliXmeudk,fpm;vS,f
,ltef'DyD (jrefrm)
rmwdum
tcef; 1
&yf&GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&; - rdwfqufed'gef;
1-1 1-2 &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;qdkonfrSm 1
aqmif&Guf&eftb,faMumifhvdktyfoenf; 1
udk rnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf; 2
CBDRM vkyfief;pOfrS ay:xGufvmrnfh&v'frsm;
]jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf} rdwfquf
1-3 &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
1-4 CBDRM onf rnfolwdkUESifh oufqdkifyg oenf; 3
1-5 4
1-6 vufpGJpmtkyf\ &nf&G,fcsuf 5
1-7 5
tcef; 2
vkyfief;tqifh(1) - &yf&Gma&G;cs,fjcif;
2-1 7
2-2 &yf½Gmudk rnfodkY a&G;cs,f&rn 7
&yf&Gma&G;cs,f&ef bmaMumifhvdktyfovJ
fenf;
tcef; 3
kyfief;tqifh(2) - cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh &yf&Gmudkem;vnf oabmaygufjcif;
3-1 cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif; tb,faMumifh vdktyfygoenf;
qmufrnfenf; 9
&yf½Gmtay: em;vnfatmif rnfodkY aqmif&Gufrnfenf;
v
9
3-2 &yf&GmESifhcifrifrIudk rnfodkY wnfa
3-3 10
tcef; 4
vkyfief;tqifh(3) - yg0ifaqmif&Gufaoma
b;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif; (PDRA)-1 PDRA \t,ltq? oabmw&m; rlabmif 13
4-2 PDRA yHkpH
2
PDRA udkrnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf;...tqifhcGJ4rS5txdenf;vrf;rsm; 34
rf;rsm;
4
15
4-3 PDRA udkrnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf;...tqifhcGJ1rS3txdenf;vrf;rsm; 2
4-4 4-5 PDRA udkrnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf;...tqifhcGJ6enf;v 36
4-6 37
4-7 PDRA twGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif; 39
CVA rlabmifudktoHk;jyKí tcsuftvufpkpnf;jcif;
yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf tkyfpkrsm; 4-8 42
tcef; 5
vkyfief;tqifh(4) - yg0ifaqmif&Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI tpDtpOf a&
47
yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;udk
&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;wGif yg0ifaom
&mrsm;
;qGJjcif;
5-1 yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;qdkonfrSm
5-2 rnfokdU aqmif&Gufrnfenf; 47
5-3 taMumif;t 50
tcef; 6
vkyfie
oifwef;ay;jcif; f;tqifh(5) - &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpktzGJUwnfaxmifjcif;ESifh avhusifh
&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpktzGJUwnfaxmifjcif;ESifh
DMC zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifjcif; vkyfief;tqifhrsm;
DMC \rlrsm;
6-1 avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;qdkonfrSm 52
6-2 52
6-3 DMC \vkyfief;wm0efrsm; 53
6-4 55
6-5 DMC ESifh htzGJYrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; 56
tcef; 7
kyfief;tqifh(6) - &yf&Gmvlxkudk,fwdkif; pDrHcefUcGJítaumiftxnfazmfjcif; 7-1 taumiftxnfazmfa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
yg0ifaqmif&GufaomjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfaqmifyHk
v
59
7-2 t&if;tjrpfEId;aqmf&mwGif rnfodkU ulnDyHhydk;rnfenf; ... 62
7-3 64
7-4 vsmxm;csufrsm; odkUr[kwf pDrHcsufrsm;udk jyifqifyHk 64
tcef; 8
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;\ t"dutpdwftydkif;rsm; t"duta&;ygaom CBDRM tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh oufqkdif&m
ñTefjycsufrsm; 67
aemufqufwGJrsm;
1 yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomaus;vufa'o\tuJjzwfcsuf(Participatory Rural Appraisal-PRA) udk tusOf;tm;jzifh jcHKiHkazmfjyjcif;
nfh
yg0ifaqmif&GufaomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif; tion - PME 76
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufab;&efrsm;azmfjycsuf 85
72
2 &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;pDrHudef;wGif yg0ifo
taMumift&mrsm; 74
3 Participatory Monitoring and Evalua
4 5 t"dyÜg,fazmfjycsufrsm;ESifh toHk;tEIef;rsm; 91
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 1
yHk 1 CBDRM oifwef;ay;aepOf
tcef; 1
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; - rdwfqufed'gef;
1-1 &yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;qdkonfrSm .... &yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; (Community Based Disaster Risk Management - CBDRM) onf ab;tEÅ&m,fMuHKawGU&Edkifaom &yf½Gmvlxktaejzifh
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif;? qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? udkifwG,fajz½Sif;jcif;? apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;jcif;? tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
wdkUwGif wuf<upGmyg0ifNyD; tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frI avsmhyg;apí
pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwifay;aom pDrH
cefUcGJonfh vkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/
qdkvkdonfrSm qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;?
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;rsm;
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkUwGifvlxk
onfA[dktcsuftjcmae&mrSyg0if&ef
jzpfygonf/ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufcH
&Edkifonfh tvm;tvmtrsm;qHk;yk*¾dKvfrsm;rS yg0ifaqmif&Guf&efrSm tvGefta&;yg
ouJhodkU ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufcH&zG,f tenf;qHk;yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ yHhydk;ulnDrIudkvnf;
vdktyfygonf/ e,fajrcHtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfrSvnf; CBDRM udkyHhydk;rIay;&ef
vdktyfygonf/ (ADPC-CBDRM-11, 2003)
1-2 &yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;aqmif&Guf&ef tb,faMumifh
vdktyfenf;....
&yf&Gmvlxkonf CBDRM vkyfief;pOf\tcsuftcsmtusqHk;jzpf&m a'ocH jynfol
vlxkonf ¤if;wdkU\zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf tpjyKvkyfaqmif&efESifh a&&SnfwnfwHh
atmifxdef;odrf;&efpGrf;aqmifEdkifrnfholrsm; jzpfygonf/
&yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;udk aqmif&Guf&jcif;rSm-
• e,fajra'oqdkif&m tajctaet&yf&yfudk a'oae&yf&Gmvlxkuom tem;vnf
tuRrf;usifqHk;jzpfygonf/
• &yf&Gmvlxkonf ab;tEÅ&m,fudk OD;pGm wkHYjyefaqmif&Gufolrsm; jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 2
• CBDRM onf a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;omru &yf&GmjyifyrSyk*¾dKvf (tzGJYtpnf;)
rsm;udkyifpGrf;tm;pkrsm;csJUxGif&ef pkpnf;apEdkifygonf/
• &yf&Gmvlxkonf ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf t"duta&;ygol
rsm;jzpfouJhodkY ¤if;vkyfief;pOf\ tusdK;aus;Zl;udk &,lcHpm;&rnfholrsm;jzpfaom
aMumifh CBDRMudk aqmif&Gufjcif;onf a&&SnfwnfwhH&ef vdktyfygonf/
• jynfolvlxk\ pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh pGrf;tm;pkrsm;udk jr§ifhwif&efESifh ¤if;wdkU\
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIudk avsmhyg;ap&ef tav;xm; vkyfaqmifoifhygonf/
• &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;pD? rdom;pkwpfpkcsif;pD? tzGJYwpfzGJYpDwdkif;wGif
rwlnDaom ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkY&Sdygonf/
1-3 &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;udkrnfodk Yaqmif&Gufrnfenf; ....
CBDRM vkyfief;pOfwGif &yf½Gm\ ab;tEÅ&m,ffMuHKawGUEkdifrIudk jynfhpHkpGm tuJjzwf jcif;?
¤if;wdkU\ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
wdkUonf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;avsmhyg;apa&;vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;\ tajccH jzpfygonf/
&yf½Gmonf tuJjzwfjcif;? tpD
tpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumif
txnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;pOfwGif
yg0ifoifhygonf/ þcsOf;uyfyHk
twkdif;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh &yf½Gm
\ ppfrSefaom vdktyfcsufrsm;
ESifht&if;tjrpfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;Edkifygrnf/ þvkyfief;pOf
udk usifhoHk;jcif;jzifh jyóemrsm;
udk oifhavsmfaom Mum;0if
aqmif½GufrIrsm;jyKvkyfí ajz½Sif;
ay;Ekdifrnfh tvm;tvm ydkrdk rsm;jym;ygonf/
CBDRMvkyfief;pOfwGif tqifhqifh vkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyfief; (6)&yf yg0ifygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,frjzpfrD aqmif½GufEdkifouJhodkU ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;NyD;csdefwGifvnf;
aemiftcgab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrIavsmhenf;ap&efaqmif½GufEdkifygonf/ vkyfief;tqifh
wpfqifhpDrSm ,cifvkyfief;tqifhtay:wGif qufvufaqmif½Guf&efjzpfNyD; aemufxyf
aqmif½Guf&rnfh vkyfief;pOfodkU OD;wnfoGm;ygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;vHk;udk
yH k 2 CBDRM pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;aqmif&GufaepOf
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 3
yH k3 &yf½GmrS CBDRM wGifyg0ifywfoufol
(jyifyrS yk*¾ d Kvfrsm;ESif ha'ocHrsm;)
aygif;pnf;vdkufaomtcg tpDtpOfa&;qGJa&;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfa&;pepfwpf&yfudk
&½SdNyD; tm;aumif;aom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; enf;vrf;ud&d,mwpf&yf jzpfvmEkdif
ygrnf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;pOfwGifyg0ifonfhvkyfief;tqifh (6)&yfudk atmufwGif
azmfjyxm;ygonf-
vkyfief;tqifh(1) &yf½Gma½G;cs,fjcif;
vkyfief;tqifh(2) cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh&yf½Gmudkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
vkyfief;tqifh(3) yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf
(Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment - PDRA)
vkyfief;tqifh(4) yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfa&;qGJ
jcif;/
vkyfief;tqifh(5) ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwD (Disaster Management
Committee-DMC) zGJYpnf;jcif;ESihf avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;
vkyfief;tqifh(6) &yf½Gmvlxkudk,fwdkif pDrHcefUcGJtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;
1-4 CBDRM onf rnfolwdkUESif houfqdkifygoenf; ....
&yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; vkyfief;pOfwGif tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufol
trsm;tjym;½Sdygonf/¤if;wdkYudktMurf;tm;jzifh tkyfpk(2)pkcGJjcm; Edkifygonf/a'ocHrsm;ESifh
jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfygonf/
a'ocHrsm;[laoma0g[m&rSm
&yf½GmtwGif;½Sdvlyk*¾dKvfrsm;?
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhtusdK;pD;yGm;
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udkqdkvdkyg
onf/jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;qdkonf
rSm&yf½GmjyifyrSjzpfNyD;&yf½Gm\
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIudk
avsmhenf;usqif;apNyD;
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;apvdkaom
tydkif;u@rsm;?tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
udk qdkvdkygonf/ a'ocHrsm;tMum;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwD (DMC) onf
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; aqmif½Guf&ef qufoG,fn§dEdIif;ay;aomtzGJU jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 4
DMConftzGJU0ifrsm;?aumfrwDrsm;\tultnDjzifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrH
rsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/ DMC rSwpfyg; &yf½GmwGif;½Sd vlyk*¾dKvf?
rdom;pk? tzGJUtpnf;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ESifh trsm;jynfol0efaqmifrItm;vHk;wdkUonf
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufolrsm;omvQifjzpfjcif;aMumifhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;avsmhyg;apa&;
wGif tcef;u@wpfckckrS yg0ifEdkifonfcsnf;om jzpfygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI
xda&mufap&eftwGuf vkyfief;trsm;tjym;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ygrnf/ DMC onf
vkyfief;trsm;tjym;udk taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf trsdK;om;rsm;? trsdK;orD;rsm;?
aus;&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUjzdK;a&;aumifpD?a*gyutzGJY? ausmif;aumfrwD? awmifol
v,form;rsm;? ig;zrf;vkyfom;rsm;? tvkyfMurf;vkyfolrsm;? vli,fvl½G,frsm;ESifh oD;jcm;
vdktyfcsufrsm;½SdMuonfh tjcm;olrsm;udk EdI;aqmfoifhygonf/ jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;wGif
tpdk;&Xme^tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif;? tif*sDtdkrsm;? ukvor*¾?
yk*¾vduu@ESifh tjcm;jyifytzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifygonf/ ¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@rSm
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIavsmhyg;apa&;? pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;apa&;wdkYwGif &yf½Gm\
BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;udk yHhydk;rIay;&ef jzpfygonf/ enf;ynm? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;ESifh aiGaMu;
yHhydk;rIay;jcif;jzifh aqmif½GufEkdifygrnf/ jyifyrStzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ vkyfief;pOf
wpfpdwfwpfa'otaejzifh vkyfief;pOfudk pwifaqmif½GufEdkifygonf/ odkUr[kwf &yf½Gmu
yHhydk;rI&,lvdkaMumif; jyifyrS tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xH qufoG,fjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifygonf/
owdjyK&efrSm &yf½GmESifhEdIif;pmvQif jyifytzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpf?
enf;ynmuRrf;usifrI? EdkifiHa&;MoZmoufa&mufrI rsm;jym;jcif;aMumifh &yf½Gmudk vTrf;rdk;
Edkifonfh taetxm;odkU a&muf½SdvmEdkifygonf/ odkUjzifh &yf½Gmvlxk\ OD;pm;ay; rsm;udk
rpOf;pm;bJ ¤if;wdkU\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfudkom wGef;tm;ay; aqmif½Gufvdkjcif;aMumifh
&yf½Gm\pGrf;aqmif&nfudk xdcdkufapEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh jyifyrStzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf
&yf½Gm\pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufa&;udk txl;*½kjyKí pmemem;vnf&ef vdktyfygonf/
1-5 CBDRM vkyfief;pOfrSay:xGufvmrnfY&v'frsm;
CBDRMvkyfief;pOfudkaqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh trsm;jynfoltEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;ESifh &yf½Gm\
ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf½SdrIwdkU qifhuJwdk;wufaumif;rGefvmrnfjzpfygonf/ rQwNyD;a&½Snf
wnfwHhaomumv½Snf &yf½GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI jzpfay:vmap&efvnf; taxmuftuljyK
ygrnf/ CBDRM aqmif½Guf&eftwGuf a&½SnfwnfwHhonfhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk t"dyÜm,f
owfrSwf&mwGif vlodtrsm;qHk; t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufjzpfonfh Brutland aumfr½Sifu
jyKpkaomatmufazmfjyyg t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufudk toHk;jyKygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 5
a&½SnfwnfwHhonfhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIqdkonfrSm-
]]tem*wfrsdK;qufopfrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;EdkifrnfhpGrf;&nfudk rxdcdkufapbJ
rsufarSmufvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;aomzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI}} jzpfygonf/
1-6 vufpGJpmtkyf\&nf&G,fcsuf
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif2008ckESpftwGif;em*pfrkefwdkif;'Pfudk qdk;&Gm;pGmcHpm;cJh&jyD;aemufydkif;wGif
CBDRM udk usifhoHk;aqmif&GufrI ydkrdk t&Sdef&vmygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif CBDRM
usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzifh CBDRM vkyfief;rsm; xdxda&mufa&muf taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef ¤if;wdkU\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; jr§ifhwif&efqE´&SdMuygonf/
xdkUjyif CBDRMvkyfief;pOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&mwGif wpfajy;nD
jzpfap&efvnf;vdktyfygonf/ odkYrSom jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;a&;wGif
tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk; CBDRMESifhywfoufíwlnDaom oabmayguf
em;vnfrI&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
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• CBDRM usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufolrsm;udk pmawGYvufawGYqdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;
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a&;wdkYwGif toHk;csEdkif&ef?
• jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; CBDRMESifhywfoufí wpfajy;nDpHEIef; owfrSwfaqmif&Guf
Edkifap&ef?
• CBDRM oifwef;rsm;wGif udk;um;pmtkyftjzpf toHk;jyKEdkif&ef?
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aemufqufwGJrsm; yg0ifygonf/
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vufawGY enf;vrf;rsm;udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/
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tcef; 5 ]]tqifh (4) - yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI tpDtpOf
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tcef; 6 ]]tqifh(5) - ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrIaumfrwDwnfaxmifjcif;ESif h
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tcef; 3
vkyfief;tqifh(2)-cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh&yf&Gmudkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
3-1 cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif; tb,faMumifh vdktyfygoenf;... cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh &yf&Gmudk em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf CBDRM \
tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfaom oifhwifhavsmufywfaomyg0ifaqmif½GufrI&½Sda&;twGuft"du
aomhcsufjzpfaomaMumifh ta&;MuD;ygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkUESifh
twl vkyfief;aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdaom jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcsygu
atmufygwdkYudk taxmuftuljyKrnfjzpfygonf-
(1) udpö&yfrsm;? jyóemrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;? ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm ajymMum;
vmygrnf/
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oabmaygufvmEkdifygonf/
3-2 &yf&GmESif hcifrifrIudk rnfodk Y wnfaqmufrnfenf; ....
jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf &yf½GmwGif aexkdifolrsm;ESifh ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf
aqmif½GufEdkifaom vkyfief;tcsdKU½Sdygonf/ ¤if;wdkUteuf tcsdKYrSm-
• &yf½GmtwGif;wGif aexdkifjyD; &yfol&Gmom;wpfOD;tjzpf rdrdudk,fudk cH,ljcif;?
• &GmvlMuD;?vli,ftzGJY?trsdK;orD;toif;wdkYESifhtvGwfoabmawGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;?
• &yf&GmvlxkESifhtdrfwdkif&ma&muf tvGwfoabm awGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;?
• rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifaeaMumif; xifomjrifom
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jyKvkyfaom yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;?
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onfhtcg em;axmifjcif;?
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twGuf jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;\jyKrlaexkdifyHkonf tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;
jyKrlaexkdifoifhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;wGif atmufygwdkU yg0ifygonf-
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pmrsufESm 10
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- trsdK;orD;rsm;\tqifhtwef; b,fvdk&SdovJ/
(2) ,Ofaus;rItpDtpOfrsm;
- rdom;pkESifh&yf½Gmtqifhrsm;wGif rnfodkU pkzGJUaexdkifMuygoenf;/
- rnfodkUaom tqifhqifh emcH&rIrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/
- jyKrlaexdkifjcif;? yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;usif;yjcif;? xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;teuf tawGU&rsm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;rSm
rnfonfwdkUenf;/
(3) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;
- t"du pm;0wfaea&; t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ (Oyrm-
a&vkyfief;? pdkufysdK;a&;? arG;jrLa&; ponf) ¤if;wdkUESifh qufpyfí
tjcm;rnfonfwdkYudkvkyfaqmifMuygoenf;/
- tvkyfwm0efcGJa0rI rnfodkU ½Sdygoenf;/
- &moDtvkduf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; rnfodkU tajymif;tvJ
½Sdygoenf;/
(4) ae&ma'ooGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;
- vltrsm;aexkdif&m e,fajra'orsm;? trsm;jynfol 0efaqmifrI taqmuf
ttHkXmersm; (Oyrm-pmoifausmif;rsm;? apwDykxdk;? bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;
rsm;? bmoma&;taqmufttHkrsm;? usef;rma&;aq;ay;cef;rsm;?
ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;twGuf oGm;a&mufEkdifonfhA[dkXmersm;) ESifh
pdkufysdK;ajrrsm; ponfwdkUonf rnfonfhae&mwGif wnf½Sdygoenf;/
(5) tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh tkyfpkrsm;
- rnfolwdkUonf aetdrfrsm;? wnfae&m? pm;0wfaea&; t&if;tjrpfrsm;?
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;ESifh,Ofaus;rItaetxm;ponfwdkUaMumifhab;tEÅ&m,f
usa&muf&eftvG,fqHk;tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf tdrfaxmifpkrsm; jzpfygoenf;/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 12
yHk 6 &yf&Gm\tajctaeudkem;vnfjcif;
tcef;(3)
avhvmcJhorQ . . . - cifrifrIwnf aqmufjcif;
tb,faMumihfvdktyfygovJ/
- &yf&GmESif hcifrifrI
rnfodk Ywnfaqmufrnfenf;/
- &yf&Gmqdkif&mta&;ygaom
tcsufrsm;
tEÅ&m,frSab;uif;zd k Y 0d kif f;0ef;aqmif&Gufpd k Y/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 13
tcef; 4
vkyfief;tqifh(3) - yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif;[PDRA]
4-1 PDRA \t,ltq oabmw&m; rlabmif
yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif;(Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment-
PDRA)onfoufqkdifolrsm;tm;vHk;rS¤if;wdkU\b0tay:xdcdkufvmrnfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
avsmhyg;ap&ef odkUr[kwf yaysmufap&ef cdkifrmonfh vkyfief;aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk
oifhwifhavsmufywfonfh tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwfí taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Guf&ef
tvdkUiSmab;tEÅ&m,ftcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;í qef;ppfavhvmonfh vkyfief;pOf
jzpfygonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;pOfwGif a'ocHrsm;ESifhjyifyyk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifaom &yf½Gmrsm;onf PDRA \ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
vkyfief;pOf wpfckvHk;\ A[dktcsuftjcmae&mü ½Sdygonf/ PDRA onf vltrsm;\
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk owfrSwfqHk;jzwff&efESifh vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrIudk xdckdufEdkifonfh
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;ESifh &yf½Gm\t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk
toHk;jyK&ef tm;ay;ygonf/ PDRA onf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
tpDtpOfa&;qGJa&;\ tajccH jzpfygonf/ e,fajrcHvltrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
wm;qD;umuG,f&ef odkUr[kwf avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf udk,fhtm;udk,fudk; aqmif½GufEdkif
onf? aqmif½Gufvdrfhrnf[laom ,HkMunfcsuftay:wGif tajccHygonf/
PDRA\ tqifhcGJrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh xGufay:&v'frsm;udk Z,m;-2 wGif azmfjy
xm;ygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 14
Z,m; 2 ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufudk yH kpHxkwfpDpOfjcif;
tqifhcG Jrsm;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm; xGufay:&v'frsm;
tqifhcGJ 1 &yf½GmwGif;½Sd ab;&efrsm;udk azmfjyjcif; ab;&efrsm;udk pm&if;jyKvkyfNyD; ¤if;wdkU\
oabmobm0udk azmfxkwfjcif; tqifhcGJ 2 ab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHka&;qGJjcif; &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHk?
&yf½Gmt&if;jrpfajryHk
tqifhcGJ 3 &yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;
ESihfpGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udkazmfjyjcif;
(trsdK;orD;?trsdK;om;rsm;?oufMuD;&G,f
tdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm; ponf)
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frIrsm;udkqef;ppfavhvmjcif;
( CVA)
tqifhcGJ 4 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;
&yf½Gmrsm; &ifqkdifae&aom tEÅ&m,f
pm&if;tjynfhtpHk
tqifhcGJ 5 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
tqifhowfrSwfjcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk OD;pm;ay;
owfrSwfxm;aom pm&if;
tqifhcGJ 6 vufcHEdkifaom tEÅ&m,ftqifhudk
qHk;jzwfjcif;
rdom;pkESifh &yf½GmvHkjcHKrItwGuf
oabmwlnDxm;aom
tEÅ&m,ftqifhrsm; tqifhcGJ 7 ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)udkwm;qD;umuG,f
jcif;? avQmhcsjcif;? a½TUajymif;jcif;?
odkUr[kwf vufcH&ifqdkifjcif; wdkUwGif
rnfonfudkjyKvkyfrnfudkqHk;jzwfjcif;
oabmwlnDxm;aomvkyfief;rsm;
tcsuftvufrsm;udkpkpnf;NyD;aomtcg&yf½GmrSjyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;ESifhtuJjzwfa&;tzGJY\
tzGJU0ifrsm;u ¤if;wdkU\ awGU½Sdcsufrsm;udk twnfjyK&ef &yf½GmodkU jyefvnfwifjyygonf/
aqG;aEG;wifjy&mwGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqkdifypönf;? toufarG;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 15
0rf;ausmif;? &yf½GmtajccHtaqmuftODrsm;udk ¤if;tEÅ&m,frsm;u Ncdrf;ajcmufrIwdkUudk
azmfxkwfNyD; aqG;aEG;ygonf/ &yf½GmrS jyefvnftoday;ajymMum;csufrsm;tay: tajcjyK
í vdktyfovdk jznfhpGufjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef jzpfygonf/
4-2 PDRA yHkpH
yg0ifaqmif&GufonfYaus;vufa'o\tuJjzwfcsuf (Participatory Rural Assessment-
PRA) udk PDRA vkyfief;pOf\ &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,foHk;oyftuJjzwfcsufESifh
tpDtpOfa&;qGJa&;wGif toHk;jyKygonf/ PRA ESifh ywfoufí avhvmEdkif&ef
aemufqufwGJ-1wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ PRAudk toHk;jyKaom PDRA aqmif&Guf&mwGiff
&yf½GmrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk xnfhoGif;jcif;onf
ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[ef jzpfygonf/
PDRA tzGJYGJYonf atmufygwdkYudk owdjyKoifhygonf-
- pHkprf;ar;jref;onfhtaMumif;t&mrSm avhvmpl;prf;rIjyKvkyf&mwGif t"du tav;xm;
&rnfY taMumif;t&mjzpfygonf/
- t"duar;cGef;rsm;onf PDRAtzGJYGJu &,lvdkaom owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;udk
tao;pdwfar;jref;jcif; jzpfygonf/
- enf;vrf;qdkonfrSmtzGJYGJUu owif;tcsuftvuf &,lyHkudk qdkvdkygonf/ Oyrm-
PRAenf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm;?wpfqifhcHpmtkyfpmwrf;ypönf;rsm;? t"du owif;tcsuf
tvuf jznfhqnf;ay;olrsm;udk awGUqHkar;jref;jcif;jzpfygonf/
- t"duwkefUjyefajzMum;olrsm;rSm aus;½GmolBuD;? q&m?q&mrrsm;? oHCmawmfrsm;?
&yf½GmtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;? txl;ojzifh umvMumjrifhpGm aexdkifcJholrsm; ponfwdkU
jzpfygonf/
Z,m; 3 yg0ifaqmif&Gufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf(PDRA) yH kpH
t"du pHkprf;
ar;jref;onfh
taMumif;t&m
t"du ar;jref;onfh ar;cGef;rsm; enf;vrf; ajzMum;olrsm;
u/ ½IjrifyHk
1/ tEÅ&m,frsm; oif\ rdom;pktwGif;ESifh &yf½GmtwGif;
wGif vGefcJhaom 10ESpf twGif;
jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckudk
azmfjyyg/ tb,faMumifh
ab;tEÅ&m,f[k ,lqyg oenf;/
• jzwfoef;vrf;
avQmufjcif;
• tqifh
owfrSwfjcif;
• &GmolMuD;?
• &yf½Gm\
tjcm;ta&;yg
aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 16
2/ ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aMumifh
qHk;&IH;Edkifajc
udk,fa&;udk,fwm? rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gm\
om,m0ajyma&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;udk
Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,fjyKaeaom
t&mrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
• trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? uav;oli,f?
roefpGrf;ol? oufBuD;½G,ftdkrsm;\
b0aexdkifrI
• arG;jrLa&; wd&pämefrsm;
• tkd;tdrf ydkifqdkifypönf;rsm;
• aus;vufusef;rma&;XmecGJ? wHwm;?
ausmif;? oabFmqdyf? pmMunfhwdkuf?
"r®m½HkuJhodkUaom tajccH
taqmuftODrsm;
tBuD;av;qHk;[k ,lqaom
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;&IH;Edkifajc
odkUr[kwf ab;tEÅ&m,frSmtb,fenf;/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcs
&ef &yf½Gmtaejzifh trsm;qHk; &ifqkdif&
onfh jyóemrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
• jzwfoef;vrf;
avQmufjcif;
• &moDtvdkuf
jyu©'def
• tqifh
owfrSwf jcif;
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifolrsm;
3/ usm;-r
tcef;u@
trsdK;orD;^rdef;uav;? trsdK;om;^
a,mufsm;av; wdkU\ p½dkufvu©Pmrsm;
rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rdom;pk? &yf½GmESifh
ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;
wGif ¤if;wdkUonf rnfonfhtcef;u@
½Sdonf [k owfrSwfxm;ygoenf;/
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifolrsm;
• trsdK;orD;rsm;
tzGJY
4/ b0aexdkifrI
t&nftaoG;
&yf½GmtwGif; rnfolwdkUrSm csrf;om
<u,f0oenf;/ rnfolwdkUrSm qif;&J
EGrf;yg;oenf;/ rnfolwdkUonf ab;
tEÅ&m,f aMumifh xdcdkufrIrS rdrdwdkU
udk,fudk rumuG,fEdkifoenf;/
rnfolwdkUrSm ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; rS
emvefxl&ef tcuftcJ ½Sdoenf;/
vpOf0ifaiGrnfrQ½Sdoenf;/ rnfonfh
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• oHCmawmf
rsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 17
toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;
vkyfudkifoenf;/
c/ ½kyfydkif;^½kyf0w¬Kypönf;
1/ e,fajra'o
azmfjycsuf
&yf½Gm\ t½G,ftpm;rSm rnfrQ½Sdyg
oenf;/
&yf½Gm\ e,fedrdwfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkU
jzpfygoenf;/
&yf½GmteD;½Sd aps;ESifh puf½Hkrsm;wGif
rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk
awGU&ygoenf;/ (oD;ESHrsm;? yifv,f
xGufypönf;rsm;? ow¬Krsm;? obm0
"mwfaiGU ponfwdkU) &yf½GmtwGif;wGif
tpm;tpmESifh 0ifaiG t"du&½Sdonfh
t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkU ygenf;/
ajryHkwGif atmufygwdkUudk ae&m
owfrSwf azmfjyyg/
• bk&m;apwDESifh
tjcm;0wfjyK&mae&mrsm;
• rlvwef;?tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;
• aus;vufusef;rma&;XmecGJ?wdkufe,f
aq;&Hkrsm;
• a&ydkufrsm;
• vrkawmrsm;
• oabFmqdyfrsm;
• "r®m&Hkrsm;? &yfol&Gmom;rsm;
pka0;Edkifaomae&m
• &yf½GmtwGif; awGU½Sd&aom ta&;yg
onfh tajccH taqmufttHkrsm;
• aus;&Gm^aus;&Gmtkyfpk\
pmMunfhwkdufrsm;
• &yf½Gmonf aus;vuf pdkufysdK;a&;
vkyfudkifaom &yf½Gm jzpfygu
ajrqDvTm trsdK;tpm; ESifh xGuf½Sdaom
• jzwfoef;
vrf;avQmuf
jcif;
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &GmolMuD;?
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 18
oD;ESHrsm; (pyg;?[if;oD;[if;&Guf?yJ)
• &yf½Gmonf urf;½dk;wef;&yf½Gm jzpfygu
tPÖ0g t&if;tjrpfrsm;
• &yf½Gmonfwd&pämefxdef;ausmif; arG;jrL
aom &yf½Gmjzpfygu pm;usufajr
2/ vlOD;a&qkdif&m
azmfjycsuf
&yf½Gm\ vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;rnfrQ½Sdyg
oenf;/ trsdK;om; rnfrQ½Sdygoenf;/
trsdK;orD; rnfrQ½Sdygoenf;/
a,mufsm;av;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;
rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ udk,f0efaqmifESifh
EdkUwdkufrdcifrnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/
oufBuD;½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/
wpfOD;wnf; aexdkif&aom oufBuD;
½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ roefpGrf;ol
rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ wpfOD;wnf;
aexdkif&aom roefpGrf;ol ESifh
oufBuD;½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/
ajryHkay:wGif txl; vdktyfcsuf½Sdonfh
tkyfpkrsm; aexdkif&m ae&mudk azmfjyyg/
• pl;pkduftkyfpk
awGUqHk
ar;jref;jcif;
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &GmolMuD;
3/t&if;tjrpfrsm;
udk &,l toHk;jyK
EdkifrI ESifh
xdef;csKyfjcif;
rdom;pktwGif;ESifh &yf½GmtwGif;wGif
t&if;tjrpfrsm; udk rnfolu toHk;jyK
oenf;? ydkifqkdifoenf;? xdef;csKyf
oenf;/ odkUr[kwf pDrHcefUcGJoenf;/
(t&if;tjrpfrsm; qdkonfrSm 0ifaiG?
aiGom; ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/) ,if;
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;?
ydkifqkdifjcif;? xdef;csKyf jcif; odkUr[kwf pDrH
cefUcGJjcif;wGif trsdK;om;rsm;?
trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,f rsm;\
tcef;u@rSm rnfodkU ½Sdygoenf;/
• tqifh
owfrSwf jcif;
• pl;pdkuftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;jcif;
• trsdK;om;
• trsdK;orD;
• uav;oli,f
4/ obm0 ab;
tEÅ&m,frsm;^
enf;ynmqkdif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
rS vHkjcHKa&;
vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gmu
awGUMuHKcJh&aom ysufpD;rI trsm;jym;qHk;
obm0 ab;tEÅ&m,f rsm;rSm
rnfonfwdkUygenf;/ (toufqHk;½HI;rI?
ydkifqkdif ypönf;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;?
• twdwfjzpfpOf
jzwfoef;azmf
jyjcif;
• &moDtvkduf
jyu©'def
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 19
&yf½GmwGif;½Sd ta&;yg aom
taqmufttHk ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
ponfwdkU ESifh pyfvsOf;í qHk;½HI;rIh
trsm;qHk;udk qdkvdkygonf/)
vlrnfrQ xdcdkufygoenf;/
¤if;wdkUrSm aexdkif&mae&mrS pGefUcGmoGm;
Mu&ygovm;/ rnfrQMumatmif pGefUcGm
oGm;&ygoenf;/
pGefUcGmoGm;&jcif;aMumifh
rdom;pk^&yf½Gmtay: rnfodkUaom
oufa&mufrIrsm;? xdcdkufrIrsm;
½Sdygoenf;/
vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI? tdk;tdrf
ydkifqkdifypönf;ESifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief; rsm;?
&yf½Gm\ ta&;ygaom taqmufttHk?
ypönf;ud&d,m? ae&m Xmersm;tay:
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; aMumifh
vufiif;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh umv½Snf
xdcdkufrIrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUygenf;/
vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gmü
ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD?
jzpfyGm;aepOfESifh jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf
&yf½Gmonf rnfodkU aqmif½GufcJhyg
oenf;/ rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gmtqifh wGif
rnfonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk ,cifu
aqmif½GufcJhNyD; ,ck raqmif½Gufyg
oenf;/
vmrnfh 10ESpftwGif;wGif tjcm;
rnfonfh ab;tEÅ&m,f?
Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;
jzpfyGm;rnf[k &yf½Gmu
cefUrSef;ygoenf;/ (urf;&dk;wef;ajrrsm;
avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;ponf)
rkwfokef&moDwdkawmif;jcif;
a&;qGJjcif;
• tqifhowf
rSwfjcif;
• tkyfpkvdkuf
aqG;aEG;jcif;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 20
*/ vlrIa&;^tzGJUtpnf; qdkif&m
1/ tajccH
0efaqmifrI
rsm;udk &,l
toHk;jyKEkdif
jcif;
tjcm;0efaqmifrI
rsm;
• tif*sDtdkrsm;u
ay;tyf aom
0efaqmifrIrsm;?
• c&pf,mef bk&m;
ausmif;rsm;u
ay;tyfaom
0efaqmifrIrsm;
• bk&m;apwDrsm;
wGif &&SdEdkifaom
0efaqmifrIrsm;
• pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;
rsm;(qefpuf)^
yk*¾vdu u@rS
ay;tyfaom
0efaqmifrI rsm;
&yf½GmtwGif;wGif tpdk;&u ay;tyfonfh
rnfonfh tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;
&½SdEdkifygoenf;/ Oyrm-usef;rma&;
jyKpkapmifha½SmufrI? ynma&;? a&ESifh
ywf0ef;usif oefU½Sif;a&;? u,fq,fa&;
tultnD? toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;
tultnD? vHkjcHKa&;ESifh Oya'
tultnD ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/
&yf½Gmudk tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;
jznfhqnf;ay;onfh tjcm;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ½Sdygovm;/
ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD? jzpfyGm;aepOf
ESifh jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf &yf½GmwGif
rnfonfh0efaqmifrI rsm;udk
&½SdEdkifygoenf;/ tpdk;&u ay;tyfonfh
rnfonfh tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;udk
rnfolwdkU &,ltoHk;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
&yf½GmtwGif;wGif &yf½GmtajcjyK
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jynfolvlxk
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? vuf½Sd ½Sdaeygovm;/
• awGUqHkar;jref;
jcif;
• Aif Venn tajcjy yHk
a&;qGJjcif;
• aus;½GmtzGJU
• &yf½GmwGif
aexkdifolrsm;
• &GmolMuD;
• oHCmawmf
rsm;
2/ rdom;pk^&yf½Gm
pkpnf;nDñGwfjcif;
rdom;pkudk rnfodkU ,lq^t"dyÜg,f
owfrSwfygoenf;/
&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;rSm rnfolwdkU
ygenf;/ (wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; yg0ifrI)
Zmwd&yf½GmrSm rnfonfhae&m
a'ojzpfMuygoenf;/ &yf½GmtwGif;
rnfonfh yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif
rwlnDaom tkyfpkrsm; awGUqHkNyD;
tcsif;csif; tultnD ay;Muygoenf;/
ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD?
jzpfyGm;aepOfESifh jzpfyGm;NyD; aemuf
• awGUqHkar;jref;
jcif;
• pm½Gufpmwrf;
rsm;udk jyefvnf
oHk;oyfjcif;
• jynfolvlxk
tzGJUtpnf;
• vltrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 21
rwlnDaomtkyfpkrsm;onf
rnfonfhenf;vrf; rsm;jzifh tcsif;csif;
tultnD ay;Muygoenf;/
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;onf &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifMuolrsm;tMum; qufqHa&;
rsm;tay: rnfodkU tjyKoabmESifh
qdk;usdK; oufa&mufrIrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/
ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;aepOf ESifh
jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf ¤if;wdkUonf tcsif;
csif; rnfodkU tultnDay;Muygoenf;/
aus;½Gm ^&yfuGufaumifpDrsm;\
vkyfief; wm0efrsm;ESifh tcef;u@ rsm;
rSm rnfonfwdkUygenf;/ &yf½GmtwGif;
wGif tjcm;rnfonfh tzGJUtpnf; rsm;udk
wnfaxmifNyD; jzpfygoenf;/
,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc
avQmhcs&ef rnfodkU tultnD
ay;ygoenf;/ odkUr[kwf
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk wkefUjyef&efESifh
ab;avsmhyg;ap&ef jyifqifa&;twGuf
&yf½Gmudk rnfodkUtultnDay;ygoenf;/
C/ aphaqmfrI^oabmxm;qkdif&m
1/ tajymif;tvJ
jyKvkyfEkdif&efESifh
xda&mufpGm
tpDtpOf
a&;qGJEkdif &ef
pGrf;aqmifEdkif
onf[k cH,ljcif;
vuf½Sd &yf½GmtajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?
jynfolvlxk tzGJUtpnf;rsm; &yf½Gm
twGif; ½Sdygovm;/
&yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh ywfoufaom
vuf½SdtzGJUtpnf; rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/
,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif &yf½GmtwGif;ü
apwemh0efxrf; aqmif½Gufonfh tzGJUcGJ
½Sdygovm;/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc?
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufrIwdkUudk
avQmhcs&eftwGuf &yf½Gmonf rnfodkU
pDpOfxm;ygoenf;/ rnfonfwdkUudk
• tkyfpkvdkufESifh
wpfOD;csif;
awGUqHk
ar;jref;jcif;
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &GmolMuD;
• &yf½GmwGif
aexkdifolrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 22
aqmif½GufNyD; jzpfygoenf;/
2/ jyif;xefpGm
xdckdufrI?
raocsmrI?
rvHkjcHKrI wdkUudk
&ifqkdifajz½Sif;
EkdifpGrf;
ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrD? usa&muf
aepOfESifh usa&mufNyD; tcsdefwGif
vltrsm; awGUMuHK cHpm;&aom jyif;xef
pGm xdcdkufrI? raocsmrI? rvHkjcHKrI rsm;rSm
rnfonfwdkUygenf;/
ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrD?
usa&mufaepOfESifh usa&mufNyD;
tcsdefwGif &yf½Gmtaejzifh rnfodkU
cHpm;&ygoenf;/ cHpm;rIrsm; tm;vHk;udk
udkifwG,f ajz½Sif;&ef &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifolrsm;onf rnfonf wdkUudk
aqmif½GufMuygoenf;/
• ar;cGef;vTmESifh
awGUqHkar;jref;
jcif;
• &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;
• &yf½GmwGif
aexkdifolrsm;
• 0rf;qGJq&mr
rsm;
OD;wnf&nf½G,faom &yf½Gmrsm;onf Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaomtEÅ&m,frsm; (Oyrm- qlemrD?
ivsifvIyfjcif;)aMumifh xdcdkufrnfhtaetxm;½Sdaomfvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,frMuHKawGU&ao;
ygu atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;yg/
• rnfonfh ab;&efrsm;onf &yf½Gmudk Ncdrf;ajcmufvsuf½Sdygoenf;/
• ab;&efrsm;onf rnfonfh ae&mwGif rnfuJhodkU jzpfyGm;rnfenf;/
• ab;&efrsm;onf tb,faMumifh jzpfyGm;rnfenf;/
• ,if;ab;&efrsm;jzpfyGm;ygu &yf½GmtwGif;wGif touf½SifaexkdifrI? tdk;tdrf
ypönf;ydkifqkdifrI? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh t"duta&;ygaom
ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; rnfodkU jzpfrnfenf;/
4-3 PDRAudkrnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...tqifhcG J1rS3txdenf;vrf;rsm; tqifhcG J1/ &yf½GmtwGif;½Sdab;&efrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfygonf/ xGufay:&v'f
rsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; ab;&ef\ oabmobm0udk odEdkif&ef jzpfyGm;Edkifonfh
tBudrf ta&twGuf? &moDtvkdufjzpfyGm;jcif;? jzpfyGm;onfhae&ma'o?
apmpD;pGmowday;&ef jzpfEdkifajc? ab;&efESifh pyfvsOf;í vltrsm;\
A[kokwwdkUudk pm&if;jyKpk azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
tqifhcG J2/ &yf&Gm\ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufvG,frIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmifEdkif&nfrsm;
qdk&mwGif &yf&Gm\ab;&efrsm; tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIESifh obm0
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 23
t&if;tjrpfrsm;? ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXme 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;
odkUr[kwf 'pf*spfw,f enf;ynmoHk; ajryHkrsm; a&;qGJjcif; jzpfygonf/
tqifhcG J3/ ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajcudk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;ESifh &yf½Gm\
taxGaxGtEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;Esifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udktuJjzwf
azmfxkwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk usm;-r tvkduf
cGJjcm;xm;&efaqmif½Guf&ygonf/ uav;oli,frsm;ESifh roefpGrf;olrsm;
uJhodkUaom xl;jcm;onfhvkdtyfcsuf½Sdaom tzGJYGJUrsm;udk trsm;qHk; xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;ay;ygonf/
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,lEdkif&ef tqifhcGJ 1 rS 3 twGuf atmufazmfjyyg
PRA enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifygonf-
4-3-1 tcsdefjyrsOf;
tcsdefjyrsOf;onf &yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;&ef? jzpfpOfESifh ta&;ygaom
jzpf&yfrsm;udkazmfjyonfh vGefpGm½dk;½Sif;aom enf;vrf;ud&d,m jzpfygonf/ aumfvHwpfck
wGif ckESpfudkazmfjyNyD; tjcm;aumfvHwpfckwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk azmfjyygonf/
&nf&G,fcsuf
&yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;aom ta&;ygt&ma&mufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpf&yfrsm; udk
avhvmod½Sd&ef
t"duar;cGef;erlemrsm;
1/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;aeaom ab;&efjzpf&yf rsm;rSm
rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rnfonfhtcsdefwGif jzpfyGm;cJhoenf;/
2/ rnfonfh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;jzpf&yfrsm;onf &yf½Gmudk xdcdkufcJhygoenf;/ rnfonfh tcsdef
wGif jzpfyGm;cJhygoenf;/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k
þenf;vrf;ud&d,mrSm &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; pka0;a&muf½Sdvm&ef apmifhqkdif;aepOf
toHk;jyKygu xda&mufrI ½Sdygonf/
1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olwpfOD;onf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifoltcsdKUtm; &yf½GmtwGif;
wGif rnfonfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? rnfonfhckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; pwifí ar;jref;
Ekdifygonf/
2/ PDRAOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olonf tajzrsm;udk pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif pwifí
a&;om;Edkifygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 24
yH k 7 t&if;tjrpfjyajryHk? atmifvIdif(1)
aus;&Gm
3/ &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm; aqG;aEG;aepOf &yf½GmrS pma&;uRrf;usifolwpfOD;tm; pm½Guf
vSefum;csyfay:wGif a&;om;&ef wm0efudk vTJtyfay;Ekdifygonf/
obm0ab;jzpfpOfZ,m;erlemudk Z,m; 4wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; 4 &efukefwdkif;? o&ufacsmif;aus;&Gm?\ ordkif;jzpfpOf jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif;
ckESpf tjzpftysuf
1974 a&MuD;jcif; (wpfjrdKUe,fvHk;)
1988 &GmwGif a&MuD;jcif;? wHwm;ysufpD;cJhonf/
2001 a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJ jzpfygonf/ (a&tjrifh
4ay-5ay)
a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJrI &Sdygonf/ (a&tjrifh
3ay-4ay)
2004 a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJrI &Sdygonf/ (a&tjrifh
3ay)
2007 qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;? ausmif; (5)ausmif;wGif trdk;rsm; vefjcif;?
opfyif (162)yif xdcdkufcH&jcif;? (12)&ufMum vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJjcif;/
4-3-2 ab;&efESif h t&if;tjrpfajryHk
&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wkdU &yf½Gm
&ifqkdifae&aom ab;&efrsm;udk od½SdMu
ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh ab;&efajryHkudk ¤if;wdkU
udk,fwkdiftwGufa&;qGJ&efrvdktyfyg/ ab;&ef
ajryHkrsm;rSm tif*sDtdk vkyfom;rsm; uJhodkUaom
jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufa&;qGJjcif;jzpfygonf/
odkU&mwGif ab;&efESifh t&if;tjrpfajryHk
a&;qGJjcif;jzifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI uJhodkUaom jzpf&yf
rsm;aMumifhtEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom&yf½Gm
twGif;aexdkifolrsm; txl;ojzifh oufBuD;
½G,ftdkrsm;Esifh roefpGrf;olrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;
odompGm azmfxkwfEdkifaponfh enf;vrf;
ud&d,mjzpfygonf/ þenf;vrf;ud&d,mjzifh
&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\
t&if;tjrpf tajccHudk Munfh½Iavhvmí
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 25
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkEkdifygonf/ uav;oli,frsm;onf¤if;wdkU&yf½Gm\ajryHkudk
aumif;pGma&;qGJEkdifMuygonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
1/ ab;&efwpfpHkwpf&mrsm;aMumifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom e,fy,frsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,faom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef
2/ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJ&mü &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm; toHk;jyKEkdifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;
udk azmfxkwf&ef
t"duar;cGef;rsm; erlem
1/ &yf½Gmudk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapaom ab;&efrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
2/ &yf½GmwGif;½Sd rnfonfhae&ma'o^e,fy,frsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvsuf
½Sdygoenf;/
3/ &yf½Gm\tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; odkUr[kwf ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m ae&mXme
0efaqmifrIrsm;teuf rnfonfhwdkUonf tEÅ&m,f½Sdaeygoenf;/
4/ tEÅ&m,fESifhtxdawGU&qHk;olrsm;tultnDvdktyfzG,f&m½Sdolrsm;onf rnfolwdkUenf;/
5/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/
6/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif rnfolwdkUonf t&if;tjrpf tenf;qHk; ½Sdolrsm; jzpfygoenf;/
(rdom;pk odkUr[kwf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;)
7/ &½SdEdkifaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;udkrnfolwdkUu&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifNyD;xdef;csKyfxm;Edkifygoenf;/
8/ rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc ½Sdaeygoenf;/
9/ tb,faMumifh tEÅ&m,f jzpfEdkifajc ½Sdygoenf;/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k
ajryHka&;qGJjcif;rSm &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; pHknDpGm a&muf½Sdvm&ef apmifhqkdif;aepOf
toHk;jyKEdkifaom avhusifhcef;wpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/ þavhusifhcef;udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif
rqkd Mum;jzwfajymqdkaqG;aEG;Ekdifygonf/ ajryHkudk pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif a&;qGJygu
eH&Hay:wGifcsdwfqGJxm;EdkifNyD; &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkU tvdk½Sdonfhtcsdef
wGifxyfrHjznfhpGufEkdifygonf/ &yf½GmwGifaexkdifolrsm;onf ajrjyifwGifvnf; vufacsmif;
odkUr[kwf wkwfacsmif;jzifh ajryHka&;qGJEkdifygonf/ ¤if;wdkU ajryHka&;qGJaepOf Mum;rjzwf
ygESifh/ ajryHka&;qGJNyD;rSom rSwfpka&;om;olu rSwfpkpmtkyfwGif ul;,la&;om;&ef
jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 26
1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½GmtwGif; xif½Sm;
aom ae&mtrSwftom;wpfckudk azmfxkwfygap/
2/ ueOD;wGif PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ,if; txifu& ae&mudk udk,fpm;jyK&ef
trSwftom;wpfck jyKvkyfyg/ odkUr[kwf ausmufcJwpfvHk;jzifh rSwfom;xm;yg/
3/ xdkUaemuf PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½Gm\
e,fedrdwfudk a&;qGJygap/
4/ xdkUaemuf aetdrfrsm;? ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m taqmuftODrsm;? &yf½GmwGif;½Sd
t&if;tjrpfrsm; wnf½Sd&mae&mudk a&;qGJazmfjyygap/
5/ t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rnfolwdkU &,loHk;pGJEkdifNyD; xdddef;csKyfxm;oenf; uJhodkUaom
ar;cGef;rsm;udk PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ar;jref;&ef jzpfygonf/
6/ xdkUaemuf rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif;? odkUr[kwf a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;uJhodkUaom ab;&efrsm;aMumifh
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc½Sdonfhae&ma'orsm;udk&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;rSwfom;
ap&ef jzpfygonf/
7/ xdkUaemuf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom ae&ma'o
rsm;wGif ½Sdaejcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGuf BudKwifjyifqif&ef
odkUr[kwfab;tEÅ&m,frSjyefvnfxlaxmif&eftwGuf t&if;tjrpfenf;yg;jcif;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajctrsm;qHk;jzpfolrsm;udk&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;u
azmfxkwf&ef jzpfygonf/
4-3-3 &moDtvdkuf jyu©'def
&moDtvdkuf jyu©'defwGif &moDtvkduf tajymif;tvJrsm;? ¤if;wdkUESifh qufpyfaeaom
ab;&efrsm;?a&m*grsm;? &yf½GmwGifjzpfyGm;aomjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh wpfESpfwmtwGif; vwpfvpD
ESifh qufpyfrI½Sdaom tjcm; owif;tcsuftvufrsm; trsm;tjym; yg0ifEkdifygonf/
ajymif;vJrI\tqifh? jyif;xefrI (odkhr[kwf) twkdif;twmudk opf&Gufrsm; toHk;jyKí
azmfjyyg/
&nf&G,fcsuf
&moDtvkduf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? ab;&efrsm;? tEÅ&m,frsm;taMumif; avhvm&ef
t"du ta&;ygaom ar;cGef;erlemrsm;
1/ ESpfwpfESpfwGif rnfonfh &moDrsm;½Sdygoenf;/
2/ &yf½GmtwGif; jzpfyGm;aom ab;&efrsm;^tEÅ&m,frsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rnfonfh
tcsdefwGif jzpfyGm;oenf;/
3/ rnf
4/ rdk;&
OD;aqm
1/ PDR
um
2/ rsm;on
pdkuf
3/ &yf½GjyKv
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pmrsufESm 27
Uenf;/
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wftom;
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nf/
Edk 'D
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 28
4-3-4 tqifhowfrSwfjcif;
tqifhowfrSwfjcif;avhusifhcef;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;onf jyóemrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvm
&ef odkUr[kwf ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk csdefqpOf;pm;Ekdif&ef taxmuftuljyKygonf/ tvGef
toHk;0ifaom enf;vrf;ud&d,mwpf&yfrSm t½G,frwlnDaom opf½Gufrsm;? odkUr[kwf
ausmufcJrsm;udk toHk;jyKí jyóemrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;? ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk a½SUaemuf
pDpOfjcif; jzpfygonf/ opf½Gufrsm;? ausmufcJrsm;rSm aiGukefaMu;uscHí 0,f,l&ef
rvdktyfbJ &yf½GmtwGif; ae&mtESHUtjym;wGif awGU½SdEdkifygonf/ tqifhowfrSwfjcif;rSm
omreftm;jzifh tcsdefMumjrihfpGm jyKvkyf&wwfygonf/ taMumif;rSm &yf½GmwGifaexdkifol
rsm;u jyóemrsm;? odkUr[kwf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tb,faMumifh a½SUwGif xm;oifhonf?
aemufwGifxm;oifhonf[laom taMumif;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&jcif;aMumifhjzpfygonf/ þ
avhusifhcef;onf aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;Edkifa&;ulnDyHhydk;jcif;aMumifh&yf½GmtwGufwefzdk;½Sdygonf/
&nf&G,fcsuf
&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;\ OD;pm;ay;rsm;udkod½Sd&efESifh &yf½Gmu &ifqdkifae&aom ta&;yg
t&ma&mufqHk; jyóemrsm;udk od½Sd&ef
t"duar;cGef; erlemrsm;
1/ &yf½GmwGif MuHKawGUae&aom t"du udpö&yfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
2/ taMumif;&if;rsm;tm;vHk;udk a½SUaemufpDpOfrnfqdkygu yxrqHk; ajz&Sif;oifhonfh
ta&;BuD;qHk; taMumif;tcsufrSm tb,fygenf;/
3/ 'kwd,taMumif;tcsuf? wwd,taMumif;tcsufrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k
1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; odkUr[kwf vli,frsm;tm;
&yf&GmwGif rnfonfhjyóemrsm;udk t"du MuHKawGUae&aMumif; ar;jref;yg/
2/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu jzpfap? &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolwpfOD;u jzpfap? jyóemrsm;udk
pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif pm&if;jyKpka&;om;xm;&ef jzpfygonf/
3/ jyóemrsm;tm;vHk;udk a&;om;NyD;pD;aomtcg OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifolrsm;tm; ¤if;jyóemrsm;udk tqifhowfrSwfapygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexkdif
olrsm;aqG;aEG;aepOf a½SUaemuftqifh ajymif;vJEkdifjcif;aMumifh rifwHjzifh ra&;om;
ygESifh/
4/ tqifhowfrSwf&mwGif ausmufcJ odkUr[kwf opf½Gufrsm;udk aumif;pGmtoHk;jyKEdkifyg
onf/ (t½G,ftpm;rwlnDaoma&mifpHkpuúLrsm;udkyif toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/) &yf½GmwGif
aex
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pmrsufESm 29
;vJoGm;
ygonf/
rsm;onf
wGefUqkwf
( 6 ) ( 8 ) ( 4 ) ( 9 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 7 ) ( 5 ) 10 )
ygonf/
wpfckodkU
OD;&Sdygu
Edkifaom
ersm;½Sdyg
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 30
2/ ajredrfha'orsm;wGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; ½Sdyg
oenf;/
3/ yifv,furf;ajcteD;wGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm;
½Sdygoenf;/
4/ yifv,fwGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; ½Sdygoenf;/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k
1/ þavhusifhcef;twGuf rnfodkUaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; vdktyfaMumif; &yf½Gm
wGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yg/ Oyrm- a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; odkUr[kwf rD;avmifjcif;
jzpfEkdifonfh tEÅ&m,f½Sdaomae&mrsm;? &½SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm; (,if;t&if;
tjrpfrsm;rSmvnf; tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc&Sdygonf)? ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m
ae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;ESifh tjcm;t&mrsm; jzpfygonf/
2/ rnfonfhOD;wnf&mbuftwkdif; qufvufaqmif½GufoifhaMumif;? rnfonfh
vrf;aMumif;jzifh oGm;vQif taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif; &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;xHrS
tMuHÓPfawmif;cHyg/
3/ jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; avhusifhcef;jyKvkyfaepOf owif;tcsuftvuf
ay;Ekdifaom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;udk ac:aqmifoGm;yg/
4/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olESifh rSwfpka&;om;olwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU avhvmawGU½Sdcsuf
rsm;? &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u jznfhoGif;ay;csuf ajymMum;csufrsm;udk a&;om;
xm;yg/
5/ jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif;NyD;qHk;aomtcg ajryHka&;qGJNyD; ¤if;ajryHk rSefuefaMumif;udk
&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;rS t"duta&;ygaom owif;tcsuftvuf jznfhqnf;ay;ol
rsm;ESifh twl ppfaq;yg/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 31
yHk 7 jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; Oyrm (zdvpfyd kifEd kifiH Pook Paliparan, Dasmariñas, Cavite )
ajrjrifha'o ajredrfh prf; acsmif; ajredrfh wl;
ajrmif; aus;½Gm ajrjrifh acsmif; ajrjrifh
a&t&if;tjrpf rdk;a& rdk;a&?
a&oGif; rdk;a&? pD;qif;?
,dkpdrfh rdk;a&?
a&oGif; rdk;a&?
a&wGif; rdk;a& rdk;a& rdk;a&
ajrqDvTm oJajr
½THUajr ausmuf ½THU ausmuf oJ? ½THU?
½THUajr oJ? ½THU?
½THUajr ½THU
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c&rf;oD;? yJ?
ajymif;
pyg;? ses- bania? i½kwf
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pm;usufrsm; pm;usuf
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rsm;wGif
aygif;yif
rsm;
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jrufcif;
opfyifrsm; gliricidia? o&uf?
leucaena? rmvum?
iSufaysm?
refusnf;
Gliricidia iSufaysm? gliricidia? leucaena
gliricidia ?
iSufaysm? leucaena?
acacia ac:
xaemif;rsdK;?
wrm
gliricidia ? leucaena
acacia? o&uf?
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tkef;?
leucaena? ydEéJ
o&uf o&uf?
refusnf;?
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vsm;
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carabao?
qdwf
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mudfish?
ig;odkif;? zm;?
*Pef;
golden snail ac:
c½krsdK;? 0uf?
ig;? bJ? zm;
ig;cl?
zm;? c½k acG;?
aMumif?
0uf? qdwf?
uRJEGm;?
Muufqif
qdwf?
carabao ? uRJEGm;
c½k? ig;cl uRJEGm;?
carabao ? qdwf
jyóemrsm; ajrwdkufpm;
jcif;? a&½Sm;
jcif;
ydk;rTm; ESifh
a&m*g e,fajrcH
t&m½Sdrsm;
rpnf;vHk;
jcif;
ajrwdkuf
pm;jcif;?
a&½Sm;
jcif;
ajrwdkuf
pm;jcif;?
a&½Sm;
jcif; tcGifhtvrf;rsm; vrf;odkU
oGm;a&muf
Edkifjcif;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 32
4-3-6 ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yH kazmfjcif;
ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yHkazmfjcif;rSm &yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;&efrsm; jzpfyGm;cJhonfh
jzpfpOfESifh jzpfyGm;rI wdkUudk ½kyfyHkjzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf
10ESpf odkUr[kwf 5ESpfwmumvudk tajccHí ¤if;wdkU\ twdwfjzpfpOfudk jyefvnf
oHk;oyfEkdifygonf/ b0aexdkifrItay: ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ oufa&mufrIudk azmfjy&m
wGif ta&;BuD;qHk; tcsdefumvrSm vGefcJhaom 5ESpfwmumvjzpfonf[kvnf; qHk;jzwf
Edkifygonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
1/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;onfh twdwfjzpfpOf? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;qDodkU
OD;wnfaomtaMumif;tcsufrsm;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI
tay: oufa&mufrIwdkUudk avhvm&ef?
2/ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh obm0t&if;tjrpf rnfrQ xdcdkufaMumif;? aemufxyf
rnfrQ usef½SdEkdifaMumif; azmfjy&ef?
t"duar;cGef;erlemrsm;
1/ oif\b0wGifvnf;aumif;? ywf0ef;usifwGifvnf;aumif; ab;&efaMumifh rnfodkU
xdcdkufoenf;/ (Oyrm-a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rdk;acgifjcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;)
2/ tNrJwap þodkUyif xdckdufygovm;/
3/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;aMumifhxdcdkufrIonf ,cifuxufydkrdkjyif;xefvmonf[k rnfonfh
tcsdefwGif pwifí owdjyKrdygoenf;/
4/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;onf tb,faMumifh ,cifuxuf ydkrdkjyif;xefvmygoenf;/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k
ab;&efajryHka&;qGJNyD;aomtcg twdwfjzpfpOfjyefajymif;yHkazmfjcif;avhusifhcef;udktoHk;jyK
í &yf½GmtwGif;ab;&efrsm;\taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifhoufa&mufrIrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;
Ekdifygonf/
1/ PDRAOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; b0wGifab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)
aMumifh xdcdkufrItaMumif; ar;jref;&ef jzpfygonf/
2/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)jzpfyGm;cJhaom ckESpfudk a&;om;yg/
3/ ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;) jzpfyGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu
aemufqufwGJar;cGef; ar;jref;yg/ ueOD;wGif tajzrsm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu
a&;rSwfyg/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 33
4/ vGefcJhaom ESpf50cefUumvu ,if;odkUaom ab;&efrsm; usa&mufcJhjcif; ½Sd^r½Sd udk
&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu qufvuf ar;jref;yg/ OD;aqmif
aqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½GmtwGif; twdwfjzpfpOfrsm;udk 10ESpf
odkUr[kwf 5ESpfpD ydkif;jcm;í vGefcJhaomESpf 50 odkUr[kwf ESpf 30 txd jyefvnf
oHk;oyf&ef tMuHjyKyg/
5/ xdkUaemuf tajzrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif&ef tkyfpk0ifwpfOD;udk wm0ef ay;yg/
Z,m;-8 jrefrmEdkifiH? o&ufacsmif;aus;&Gm\ ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yH kazmfjcif;
1951-1960 • rlvwef;ausmif;udkzGifhvSpfcJUygonf/
• tdrfaxmifpk(300)onf v,f,m pdkufysdK;a&; vkyfudkifygonf/
• &Gmbkef;MuD;ausmif;udk jyKjyifcJhygonf/
1961-1970 -
1971-1980 • wmaygifudk ausmfí a&MuD;cJhygonf/
• jrdKUe,fukd a&vTrf;cJhygonf/
1981-1990 • pdkufysdK;ajr {u(200)wGif ydk;uscJhygonf/
• a&T0gxGef; pyg;rsdK;opfudk pwifpdkufysdK;cJhygonf/
• tpdk;&rS pufa&wGif;rsm; wl;ay;cJhygonf/
• a&MuD;jcif;aMumifh wHwm;rsm; ysufpD;cJhygonf/
1991-2000 • ZD,m? raemokc tp&Sdonfh pyg;rsdK;opfrsm;udk pwifpdkufysdK;cJhygonf/
• rlvwef;ausmif;udk tqifhjrSifhwifcJhygonf/
2001-2009 • NGO rS a&wGif;(50) vI'gef;ygonf/
• &GmxJwGif a&wGif;(150) &Sdygonf/
• aus;&Gm pmMunfhwdkufudk zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/
• avjyif;rkefwdkif;aMumifh pmoifausmif; ysufpD;cJhygonf/
• &yf&GmwGif a&MuD;cJhygonf/
• &GmwGif GSM zkef; (3)vHk; &Sdygonf/
• EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh aus;&Gmvlxk\ yHUydk;rIjzifh pmMunfhwdkufudk
tqifhjrSifhwifcJhygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 34
4-4 PDRAudk rnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...tqifhcG J 4 rS 5 txd
enf;vrf;rsm; 4-4-1 Z,m;jzifh tqifhowfrSwfjcif;
ab;&efrsm; odkUr[kwf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajcrsm;? vkdtyfcsufrsm; odkUr[kwf
a½G;cs,f aqmif½GufEkdifaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;owfrSwf&ef tqifhowfrSwf jcif;
enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKygonf/ tqifhowfrSwfonfh avhusifhcef;yHkpH trsdK;rsdK;
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pmrsufESm 36
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MuHKawGU&ygoenf;/
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xdcdkufEkdifonfh ¤if;wdkU &yf½Gm½Sd ta&;ygt&ma&mufqHk; ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;
Xmersm;udk azmfxkwfap&efjzpfygonf/
2/ ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;
ol odkUr[kwf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u pm&if;jyKvkyf&efjzpfygonf/
3/ edrfhus? tv,ftvwf? jrifhrm; [lí tkyfpk(3)pk cGJjcm;&ef OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu
&yf½Gmtm; ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;yg/ ,if;tkyfpkrsm;udk yJ odkUr[kwf ajymif;aphrsm;jzifh
pkyHkí azmfjy&ef jzpfygonf/ yJaph tenf;i,fom pkyHkxm;ygu edrfhus tkyfpk
jzpfygonf/ yJaphtrsm;tjym; pkyHkxm;ygu jrifhrm; tkyfpk jzpfygonf/
4/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;
udk &yf½Gmtm; tqifhowfrSwfygap/
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tqifhcG J 6 enf;vrf;rsm; ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOf rjyKvkyfrD &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;ESifh tjcm; tusdK;
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ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf vufawGUaqmif½Guf&mwGif tqifh 6 udk rjyKvkyfbJ csefvSyf
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azmfxkwf&½SdaomtBuD;av;qHk;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajctay:wGifrlwnfygrnf/
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pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; ta&twGuf
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pmrsufESm 37
4-6 CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvuf pkpnf;jcif;
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tvufwpfrsdK;udk a&;om;&ygrnf/ vdktyfygu tcsuftvufrsm;udk a½TUajymif;Edkif&ef
jzpfygonf/
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(1) tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;rSm ESpfBudrf xyfaeEdkifygonf/ ,if; wdkhudk ½SmazGí
wpfpkwnf; pkpnf;xm;yg/
(2) tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;rSm wpfckESifhwpfck qefUusifbuf jzpfEkdifygonf/
rSwfom;í oufqkdif&m vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh oifhawmfovdk
ppfaq;twnfjyKyg/
(3) tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;rSm tMuHjyKcsufrsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/
tcsuftvufrsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI rlabmif CVAESifh
tnD pkpnf;í qef;ppfavhvm&ef jzpfygonf/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef
qufpyfaeaom pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;udk tkyfpkzGJU&ef vdktyfygonf/
Z,m; 11 CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvufpkpnf;jcif; erlem
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm; pGrf;aqmifEk difrIrsm;
½kyfyd kif;^½kyf0w¬Kypönf;
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jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 38
uJhodkUaom trsm;jynfoloHk; taqmuf
ttHkrsm; ysufpD;onf/
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ausmif;omwufzl;onf/
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ynma&;ukefusp&dwf jrifhrm;onf/
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pmrsufESm 39
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tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom &yf½Gmrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;pD;aomtcg OD;wnf&nf½G,faom
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vkyfaqmifa&;twGufBudKwifjyifqif&ef atmufazmfjyyg vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk qufvuf
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pmrsufESm 40
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ajymMum;csufrsm; &,lyg/
- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; vkyfief;aqmif½GufrItaMumif; us,fjyefUpGm
½Sif;vif;ajymMum;íaqG;aEG;Edkif&eftwGuf &yf½Gm\ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvf
rsm;tm; &yf½Gmtpnf;ta0;usif;yay;&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/ tpnf;ta0;
rNyD;qHk;rD PDRA tzGJYGJUwGifyg0ifrnfh apwemh0efxrf;rsm;tm; OD;aqmif
aqG;aEG;oltjzpfyg0if&efESifhaxmufyHha&;ESifhydkUaqmifa&;BudKwifjyifqifrI
wGif yg0if&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/
vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIudk &yf½Gm\ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;u oabmwlcGifhjyKNyD;aomtcg-
- &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifhawGUqHkNyD; PDRAvkyfief;aqmif½Guf&jcif;\
&nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;yg/ tqdkjyKxm;aom vkyfief;
aqmif½Guf&efoifhavsmfrI? vkyfief;udkrnfodkU?rnfonfhtcsdefwGif aqmif½Guf
oifhaMumif; ¤if;wdkU\ arQmfrSef;csufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &yf½GmrS jyefvnf
xkwfazmf ajymMum;csufrsm; &,l&ef rarhygESifh/
- tpnf;ta0;rNyD;qHk;rD PDRA tzGJYGJUwGifyg0ifrnfh apwemh0efxrf;rsm;tm;
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;ESifh axmufyHha&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; vufaxmufrsm;
tjzpf yg0if&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/
&yf½Gm\ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh xyfrHí awGUqHkNyD; -
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 41
- vkyfief;aqmif½Guf&ef tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfwdkUudk tNyD;owf
aqG;aEG;yg/
- vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIudk OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifrnfjzpfaMumif; &yf½Gm\
ta&;ygaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;xHrS uwdu0wf &,lyg/
&yf½Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;? &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolESifh awGUqHkNyD;aomtcg
- tqdkjyKxm;aomvkyfief;aqmif½GufrI\ tajctaeESifhpyfvsOf;í oufqdkif
&mXmersm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; jyefvnftoday;
ajymMum;yg/
jyifyrS OD;aqmifaqG;aEG; ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;ESifh &yf½GmrSapwemh0efxrf;rsm; yg0ifvsuf
PDRA tzGJU zGJUpnf;yg/ PDRA tzGJUwGif pdkufysdK;a&;? wd&pämefaq;ukjcif;? rdk;av0o?
usef;rma&;? ab;tEÅ&m,favsmUenf;usqif;a&;ponfh e,fy,frsm;udk em;vnf
wwfuRrf;aom vkyfief;e,fy,faygif;pHkrS yk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&ygrnf/ jyifyrS OD;aqmif
aqG;aEG;ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;onf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifjcif;r½Sdaom PDRAtzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfygonf/
PDRAtzGJU0ifrsm;udk yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomoif,lrIESifh vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI enf;vrf;
ud&d,mrsm;tm;toHk;jyKíavhusifhoifwef;ay;yg/ pGrf;aqmif&nfESihf tEÅ&m,fusa&muf
vG,frIrsm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif; CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvufrsm; qef;ppf
avhvmenf;udkvnf; avhusifhoifwef;ay;yg/
avhusifhoifwef;ay;aepOf ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufaqmif½Gufa&; yHkpHxkwf a&;qGJyg/
PDRA tzGJU0ifwpfOD;pDtwGuf vkyfief;wm0efrsm; azmfxkwfNyD; tcef;u@rsm; owfrSwf
ay;yg/ PDRA tzGJU0ifrsm;udk trSefwu,f uGif;qif;vkyfief; aqmif½Guf&mwGif twl
yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufrnfh tkyfpki,frsm; cGJay;yg/
avhusifhoifwef;ay;aepOf OD;wnf&nf½G,faom &yf½Gmrsm;ü tenf;qHk; uGif;qif;
vkyfief; wpfBudrfpD aqmif½Guf&efjzpfygonf/ uGif;qif;vkyfief;udk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfNyD;
tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/ uGif;qif;vkyfief; aqmif½Guf&mrS &½SdcJhaom oifcef;pmrsm;tay:
tajccHí ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufyHkpHxkwfxm;jcif;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyKjyifNyD;
tNyD;owfjyKpkyg/
axmufyHha&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk tNyD;owfjyKpkNyD; aemufqHk; tpDtpOf
jyKvkyf&eftwGuf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESihf awGUqHkyg/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 42
yH k 8 yg0ifaqmif&Gufaom &yf&Gmvlxktm; &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;pOf
PDRA BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;aqmif½Guf&mwGif wdk;wufrIudk oufqkdif&mXmersm;ESifh tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;xH qufoG,fajymMum;yg/
4-8 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf tkyfpkrsm;
PDRA tzGJUudk atmufazmfjyyg tkyfpkrsm;tjzpf cGJjcm;pkzGJU&ef tMuHjyKygonf/ vlom;
t&if;tjrpf enf;yg;aeygu tkyfpkwpfpku tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;\ wm0efrsm;udk yl;wGJ
aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
tkyfpk 1 - t"duta&;ygaom wkefUjyefajzMum;olrsm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkEd kif&ef
ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;
&yf½Gmacgif;aqmifrsm; - (&GmolMuD;? oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh &yfrd&yfzrsm;)? rlv
yuwd tajctae owif;
tcsuftvuf (vlOD;a&
pm&if;ESifh oufqdkifaom
tcsuftvufrsm;?roefpGrf;
ol? oufBuD;½G,ftdk uJhodkU
aomxl;jcm;onfhvkdtyfcsuf
½Sdaomtkyfpkrsm;? 0ifaiG&&Sd
Edkifonfhvkyfief; ponfwdkU)?
ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\ ab;
tEÅ&m,ftwdwfjzpfpOf?
rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf
tb,faMumifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfvmMuygoenf;/ (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;
av;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;\) touf½SifaexdkifrItay: ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\xdcdkufrI?
ydkifqkdifypönf;? tdk;tdrf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yfuGuf^aus;&GmtkyfpkESifh
aus;&Gm\ pD;yGm;a&;? &yf½GmtwGif;½Sd u@toD;oD;onf touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrf
ypönf;ydkifqkdifrIESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,fjyKaom
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifMuygoenf;/
q&mq&mrrsm; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ ynmt&nftcsif;? vuf½Sd
ausmif;aejcif;? ausmif;tyfESHEIef;ESifhausmif;xGufEIef;? vGefcJhaom10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gm
ü jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? &yf½GmtwGif;wGifvnf;aumif;? q&m? q&mrrsm;\
b0aexdkifrIwGifvnf;aumif;? uav;oli,frsm;\ ynma&;wGifvnf;aumif;? ab;
tEÅ&m,frsm;\xdckdufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrI ESifh toufarG;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 43
0rf;ausmif; vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf
&yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; - ESpfwpfESpf\ tcsdefumvtoD;oD;wGif tjzpfrsm;
aoma&m*grsm;? xdckduf'Pf&m&rIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU jzpfyGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;? vGefcJh
aom 10ESpftwGif; &yf½Gmü jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? &yf½GmwGifvnf;aumif;?
usef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;\ b0aexdkifrIwGifvnf;aumif;? vltrsm; txl;ojzifh arG;prS
5ESpftxduav;oli,frsm;? oufBuD;½G,ftdkrsm;?roefpGrf;olrsm;tMum;wGifvnf;aumif;
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrIESifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap
&ef &yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
oufBuD;½G,ftkdrsm; - &yf½Gm\ ordkif;aMumif;? &yf½GmwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfyGm;onfh twdwfjzpfpOf? touf½SifqJ½Sdolrsm; rSwfrdonfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;teuf
tysuftpD; trsm;jym;qHk;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? tb,faMumifh tysuftpD; rsm;jym;&
aMumif;? b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqdkifypönf; tdk;tdrfESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;wdkU tay:
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ xdcdkufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrIESifh toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef
&yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
&yf½GmtzGJUtpnf; acgif;aqmifrsm; - ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\ ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfyGm;onfhtwdwfjzpfpOf? rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vm&
aMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh jzpf&aMumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ touf½SifaexdkifrItay:
xdcdkufEkdifrI (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav; rsm;twGuf)? ydkifqdkif
ypönf;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yf½Gm\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh &yfuGuf^aus;&Gmtkyfpk?
aus;&GmwdkUtay:ab;tEÅ&m,f\xdcdkufrI? b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqdkif ypönf;tdk;tdrfESifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;
ap&ef tpdk;&\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
&yf½GmwGifpDrHcsufrsm; aqmif½Gufaeaomtif*sDtdkrsm; - ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;onfhtwdwfjzpfpOf? rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
jzpfyGm;vm&aMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh jzpf&aMumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ touf½Sif
aexdkifrItay: xdcdkufEkdifrI (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav;rsm;
twGuf)?ydkifqdkifypönf;?toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yf½Gm\pD;yGm;a&;ESifh&yfuGuf^
aus;&Gmtkyfpk? aus;&GmwdkUtay:ab;tEÅ&m,f\xdcdkufrI? b0aexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 44
ydkifqdkifrIESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
avsmhyg;ap&ef tpdk;&\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;
tkyfpk 2 - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkjcif;udk ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;
(trsdK;om;rsm;ESif h trsdK;orD; tkyfpkrsm;? uav;oli,frsm; a&maESm
aqG;aEG;jcif;)
&yf½Gm\ ab;&efajryHk a&;qGJyg/ &yf½Gmt&if;tjrpfrsm;? tdrfaxmifpkESifh txl;vdktyf
csuf½Sdaomtkyfpkrsm;? ab;&eftoD;oD;aMumifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfaom &yf½Gm\ tpdwftydkif;
rsm;? pmoifausmif;rsm; ponfwdkU\ wnfae&mudk azmfxkwfyg/
tkyfpk 3 - trsdK;om;tkyfpkESif h trsdK;orD; tkyfpkrsm; aqG;aEG;&mwGif OD;aqmifNyD;
ulnDyH hyd k;jcif; (usm;-r tcef;u@½Iaxmifh)
- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk usm;-r tcef;u@rsm;rS ½Ijrifjcif;?
- vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif; &yf½GmwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh
tb,faMumifh ,if;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufcJh&aMumif;
- trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: rwlnDaom xdcdkufrI
- tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom tkyfpkrsm;udk xdcdkufrI - arG;prS 5ESpftxd? oufBuD;
½G,ftdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;
- usef;rma&;? ynma&;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufrI
- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkavsmhyg;ap&ef trsdK;om;rsm;onf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmif
MuaMumif;? trsdK;orD;rsm;onf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifMuaMumif;
yHk 9 trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;rsm; oDjcm;tkyfpkrsm; zGJUaeyHk
tkyfpk 4 - uav;oli,frsm; aqG;aEG;&mwGif OD;aqmifNyD; ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;
- uav;oli,frsm; rSwfrdonfh &yf½GmwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
- uav;oli,frsm;tay:xdcdkufrI
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 45
- uav;oli,frsm;\ usef;rma&;? ynma&;? rdom;pk toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;
rsm;tay: xdcdkufrI
- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef uav;oli,frsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;
tkyfpk 5 - pkaqmif;xm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
- t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;vHk;rS pkaqmif;&½Sdaom pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
- CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;
tkyfpk 6 - enf;ynm owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;
- jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; avhusifhcef; vkyfaqmifjcif;
- &yf½Gmu jyKpkrnfh ajryHk toD;oD;wGif yg0ifulnD a&;qGJjcif;
- ajrqDvTmtrsdK;tpm;? a&pepfponfwdkUESifh pyfvsOf;onfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
pkaqmif;jcif;
tkyfpk 7 - axmufyHha&;ESif h yd kUaqmifa&; tpDtpOf
- PDRA tzGJU0if jyifyrSOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;twGuf wnf;cdkaexdkif&m
ae&mrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;
- PDRAtzGJUtwGuf tpm;taomuf pDpOfjcif;
- tzGJUtwGuf o,f,lydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfjcif;
- tzGJUtwGufypönf;rsm; tvHktavmuf½Sdap&ef aqmif½Gufjcif;
- vdktyfygu pum;jyef^ bmomjyefrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;
yHk 10 PDRAwGif uav;rsm;yg0ifaqmif&GufaeyHk
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 46
tcef; 4
avhvmcJhorQ . . .
- PDRA \tqifh7&yf
- aqmif&Guf&efenf;vrf;rsm;
- aqmif&Guf&efjyifqif jcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,f
A[kokw&Sd,ifuG,f?
tEÅ&m,frSvGwfEdkifr,f/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 47
tcef; 5
vkyfief;tqifh (4) - yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI tpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif;
5-1 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif; qdkonfrSm... vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI OD;pm;ay;rsm;tvkduf &yf½GmrSab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk tqifhowfrSwf
aom PDRA \ &v'frsm;udk tajcjyKjyD; PDRA tzGJUonf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;
tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;tqifhudk qufvufaqmif½Gufygrnf/
yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOf(Participatory Disaster Risk
Management Plan) a&;qGJjcif;onf oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;u atmufygwdkUtay:
tajccHíab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm; tckdiftrmaqmif½Gufonfhvkyfief;pOf
jzpfygonf/
- taumif;qHk; BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom &yf½Gmjzpf&ef arQmfrSef;csuf
xm;&Sdjcif;
- vufcHEkdifaom tEÅ&m,ftqifhudk owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;
- owfrSwfazmfxkwfxm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajcudk wm;qD;umuG,f
&ef?avsmhyg;ap&ef? a½TUajymif;&ef? odkUr[kwf vufcH&efESifh ywfoufí qHk;jzwfjcif;
- &yf½Gm\udk,fydkifpGrf;aqmif&nfESifh&yf½GmjyifywGif&½SdEdkifaomtjcm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;
5-2 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;udk
rnfokdU aqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...
arQmfrSef;csufxm;½Sdjcif; - PDRA tzGJU OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;onf arQmfrSef;csuf
azmfxkwfa&; &yf½GmaqG;aEG;yGJwpf&yfudk OD;aqmifjyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ PDRA tzGJU
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsdefwGif¤if;wdkU
azmfxkwfcJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;EdkifajcESifhpyfvsOf;í ¤if;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;rS
uif;a0;aom ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}} rsdK;udk pdwful;jzifh azmfxkwfap&ef jzpfygonf/
&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u ¤if;wdkU\ pdwful;rsm;udk ½kyfyHka&;qGJjcif;? aw;oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;?
o½kyfaqmifjcif;wdkUjzifh wifjyEkdifygonf/ PDRAtzGJUrsm;u &yf½Gm\ arQmfrSef;csufrsm;
wGifazmfjyxm;aom]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}}taMumif; pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;udk pm½GufvSef
um;csyfay:wGif a&;om;&ef jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 48
yHk 11 &yf&GmtzGJU0ifrsm;rS azmfxkwfaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI pDrHudef;yH kpH
aqG;aEG;jcif; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\½IaxmifhrS ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}} jzpfapa&;
arQmfrSef;csuftaMumif;? tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum;
aqG;aEG;&ef PDRA tzGJUrsm;u ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/ þtqifhwGif &yf½GmwGif; aexdkif
olrsm;? tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u n§dEdIif;aqG;aEG;NyD;
tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;vkyfief;pOfwGif ¤if;wdkUtm;vHk; atmifjrifatmif aqmif½Gufvdk
onfh taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk oabmwlnDrI &,ljcif;jzpfygonf/
vsmxm;csufrsm;rSm taumiftxnfazmfjyEkdifNyD; wdkif;wmEdkif&ygrnf/ ñTefjycsufrsm;
xm;½Sdjcif;jzifh &yf½GmESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifolrsm;onf vsmxm;csufrsm; atmifjrif
atmifaqmif½GufEdkifjcif; ½Sd-r½Sd wdkif;wm&ef taxmuftuljyKygrnf/
aemufqufwGJ-3? ]]yg0ifaqmif½GufaomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifhtuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;}}
wGif avhvmEdkifygonf/
tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif; - arQmfrSef;csufavhusifhcef;
vkyfaqmifNyD;aomtcg &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}}jzpfapa&;
arQmfrSef;csufatmifjrifap&ef taxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfh tpDtrHrsm;udk azmfxkwfMu&yg
rnf/ vkyfief;aqmif½Gufcsuftm;vHk;wGif aeUpGJrsm; odkUr[kwf tcsdefumv owfrSwfcsuf
yg½Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 49
t&if;tjrpfvdktyfcsufrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif; - PDRA tzGJU0ifrsm;onf azmfxkwf&½Sd
aom tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef rnfonfh t&if;
tjrpfrsm; vdktyfaMumif; &yf½Gmudk ar;jref;&ygrnf/
PDRA tzGJYGJrsm;onf ,cif tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufvkyfief;pOf tawmtwGif; azmfxkwf
&½SdcJhaom pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;pm&if;udk &yf½Gmtm; jyefvnfoHk;oyf
ygap/
pkpnf;&½Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk &nfñTef;udk;um;í pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk azmfxkwf
yg/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &yf½Gmtaejzifh arQmfrSef;csuf
atmifjrifa&; OD;wnfaqmif½GufEkdifap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk azmfxkwfí pm&if;jyKpk
Edkif&ef OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u tultnDay;yg/
vkyfief;wpfckpDudk taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfrnfh aiGaMu;yrmPukd cefUrSef;&
ygrnf/ vkyfief;wpfckpDtwGuf bwf*suf a&;qGJ&ygrnf/ vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;
ESifh &&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd azmfxkwfjyD;aomtcg OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u
&yf&GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &yf&Gmvkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&; pkzGJU&ef
tultnDay;&ygrnf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &yf&GmtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;onf tkyfpkrsm;
zGJUpnf;íowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk csufcsif; aqmif&GufMu&ef jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 50
Z,m; 12 - &yf&GmtzGJU0ifrsm;rSazmfxkwfaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf rS aumufEIwf
azmfjycsuf
ab;&efrsm; - a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;? wdkifzkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfjcif;? ivsifvIyfjcif;? ajrNydKjcif;?
rD;awmifaygufuGJjcif;? rd k;acgif a&½Sm;jcif;
OD;wnfcsuf - &yf½GmtwGif; xdcd kufolrsm;tm; pepfwus tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a½TUjcif;?
½SmazGjcif;? u,fq,fjcif;rsm; aqmif½Guf&ef
ñTefjycsuf - toufqHk;½H I;rI r½Sdjcif;
vkyfief;rsm; tcsdefumv
owfrSwfcsuf
&½SdEd kifaom
t&if;tjrpfrsm;
vkdtyfaom
t&if;tjrpf
rsm;
vkdtyfaom
t&if;tjrpf
yrmP
(zdvpfyd kif
yDqdkaiGjzifh)
wm0ef½S dol^
aumfrwD
ab;&ef - a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;
tqifh 1
BudKwifjyifqif
aomtqifh
ab;uif;&m
odkUa½TUajymif;
&efZmwfwdkuf
avhusifhrI
rsm;jyKvkyfjcif;
rdk;&moD
ra&mufrD
(Mo*kwfv
rwdkifrD)
rdom;pk? &yf½GmESifh
c&pf,mef
bk&m;ausmif;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; -
vltiftm;
uRrf;usifrIESifh
todynm
vufudkifa&'D
,dk 5vHk;
pufvT 5vHk;
BudK;acG 3acG
toHcsJUpuf
5vHk;
ab;uif;&m
odkUa½TUajymif;
a&;tzGJU
OuúX Rey Lawrence Tan
ynmay;
vIyf½Sm;rI
jyKvkyfjcif;
rdk;&moD
ra&mufrD
(Mo*kwfv
rwdkifrD)
&yf½Gmacgif;aqmif
rsm;? q&mq&mr
rsm;? c&pf,mef
bk&m; ausmif;
acgif; aqmifrsm;?
tEkynm½Sifrsm;?
ydkpwma&;qGJ&ef
puúLrsm;? rifwHrsm;?
ausmif;rsm;
trsm;jynfol
odjrifem;vnf
rIqkdif&m
avhusifh
oifwef;ay;
jcif;
avhusihf
oifwef;
ay;a&;ESifh
ynmay; a&;
OuúX
Ricardo Lagunay
5-3 &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;wGifyg0ifaom
taMumif;t&mrsm;
&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;wGif MudKwifjyifqifa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;apa&;ESifhwkHUjyefaqmif&Gufa&;wdkUtwGuf vkyfief;tqifh(3) PDRAü aumuf,l
&&SdjyD; qef;ppfxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh owfrSwfxm;aomvkyfaqmifrIrsm; yg0if
oifhygonf/ &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOftwGuf owfrSwfxm;aomyHkpH r&Sd
aomfvnf; tpDtpOfwGif atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/
- &yf&GmESifhywfoufaom tajccHtaMumif;tcsufrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 51
- &yf&GmwGifusa&mufEdkifaomab;tEÅ&m,f? tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIESifh tEÅ&m,f
&SdEdkifrIrsm;
- MudKwifjyifqifa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;ESifh wHkUjyefaqmif&Gufa&;
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh toif; ^tzGJU
- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh toif;^tzGJUwdkU\ wm0efESifh
0wå&m;rsm;
- &yf&GmESifh &yf&GmteD;tem;a'orsm;ü &&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;\ pm&if;ESifh
ta&;MuD;w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;pm&if;
&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfwGif yg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk aemufquf
wGJ (2) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
avhvmcJhorQ . . .
- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;
qdkonfrSm
- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;udk
rnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf;/ - &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI
tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifaomtaMumif;
t&mrsm;
MudKwiftpDtpOfrqGJ,if?
qHk;&IH;&rSmtrSefyif
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 52
tcef; 6
vkyfief;tqifh(5) - &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh
avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;
6-1 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;tzGJU zG J Ypnf;wnfaxmifjcif;ESif h
avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif; qdkonfrSm...
ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udk xda&mufpGm aqmif½Guf&eftwGuf ab;
tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aqmif½Gufrnfh tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfudk &yf½GmtwGif;wGif zGJUpnf;
wnfaxmifxm;jcif;onftaumif;qHk; jzpfygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;\ yHko@mefrSm &yf½Gm\
tajctaeay: rlwnfí tajymif;tvJ ½SdEdkifygonf/ &yf½GmtwGif;&Sd rlv½Sd&if;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udkem;vnfoabmayguf&efta&;BuD;ygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;
aumfrwDonf ½Sd&if;tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif; aumfrwDwpf&yftjzpf yg0ifEkdifygonf/
odkU&mwGif &yf½GmtwGif; tzGJUtpnf;r½Sdao;ygu &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;
tzGJUtpnf; odkUr[kwf aus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwD(Disaster Management
Committee – DMC)udk pwifzGJUpnf;Ekdifygonf/
&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&; tzGJUtpnf; DMC \ OD;wnfcsufrSm &yf½Gmrsm;tay:
usa&mufvmEdkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI ydkrdk jyKvkyfEkdif&ef?
umv½Snfab;tEÅ&m,fcHEkdif&nf½SdrI wdk;jrifhvmap&ef jzpfygonf/ DMC rSwpfqifh &yf½Gm
rsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfwGif tusOf;azmfjyxm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk
taumiftxnfazmfEdkifygrnf/
6-2 DMC zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifjcif; vkyfief;tqifhrsm;
yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufESifh tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfNyD;
aemuf &yf½GmupDrHcefUcGJaomvkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfa&;udpöudk aqG;aEG;&ef jzpfyg
onf/ þae&mwGif &yf½GmaumfrwD odkUr[kwf tzGJUtpnf; zGJUpnf;NyD; r½Sdao;ygu
zGJUpnf;&ef vdk-rvdk aqG;aEG;ygrnf/ þtqifhwGif &yf½Gmtm; vkyfief;tpDtpOf taumif
txnfazmfa&;twGuf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfzGJUpnf;oifhaMumif; qGJaqmifajymqdk&ef vdktyf
vmEkdifygonf/ tjcm;aom tajctaewpf&yfrSm &yf½Gmrsm;udk,fwdkif þvdktyfcsufudk
em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; qGJaqmifajymqdk&ef rvdktyfbJvnf; ½SdEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif
&yf½Gmrsm;onf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf zGJUpnf;Ekdif&ef enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m vrf;ñTefrI vkdtyf
Ekdifygonf/&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUtpnf;(DMC)wGif&yf&GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;?
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 53
&yf&GmtMuD;tuJrsm;? trsdk;orD;rsm;? &yf&Gmaus;&GmtqifhtmPmydkifrsm; ponfwdkY yg0if
oihfygonf/
6-3 DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;
DMC\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tqifhrsm;jzpfonfhab;tEÅ&m,f
rusa&mufrD? usa&mufaepOfESifh usa&mufNyD;tqifhrsm;tvdkuf tydkif; 3 ydkif; cGJjcm;Edkif
ygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrDaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm; - &yf½Gm\ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfudk &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;
od½Sdap&ef jzefUa0ay;jcif;
- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;tpDtpOfa&;qGJxm;aomab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;ap
a&; tpDtrHrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf EdI;aqmfjcif;
- &yf½Gmu rxkwfvkyfEkdifaom odkUr[kwf rdrdbmom &,ltoHk;jyKEdkifjcif;r½Sdaom
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmf ay;jcif;
- &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,fBudKwifjyifqifa&; avhusifh
oifwef;ay;rI jyKvkyfjcif;
- ab;tEÅ&m,frusa&mufrD? usa&mufpOfESifhusa&mufNyD;aemuf rnfonfwdkUudk
vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; &yf½Gmtm; todynmay;jcif;
- ab;tEÅ&m,f\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;? Zmwfwdkuf
avhusifhjcif;ESifh tpDtpOf wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef oifcef;pmrsm; &,ljcif;
- NrdKUe,fESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;? tpdk;&
r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf; tif*sDtdkrsm;? tjcm;&yf½Gmrsm; ponfwdkUESifh uGef&uf
qufoG,fn§dEdIif;aqmif½Gufjcif;
- tpDtpOf\xda&mufrIudk ppfaq;&efESifh wkd;wufaumif;rGefatmif vkyfaqmif
Edkif&ef ZmwfwdkufavUusifhjcif;
- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfukd&Hzef&HcgjznfhpGufjyifqifa&;qGJjcif;
- taMumif;t&mtvdkuf tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;
- &SmazGu,fq,fa&;tzGJU^tkyfpk
- a&S;OD;olemjyKtzGJU^tkyfpk
- owday;csufjzefhjzL;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 54
- ab;uif;&modkU a&GYUajymif;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk
- ckdvIH&mae&m pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU^tkyfpk
- u,fq,fa&;ypönf;rsm; jzefUjzL;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk
tzGJYGJ^tkyfpkta&twGufrSm vkdtyfcsufay:rlwnfí tajymif;tvJ&SdEdkifyg
onf/ DMC^aus;&Gm^&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwD\ vrf;nTefrI
atmufwGifvkyfief;aqmif&Gufygrnf/trsdK;orD;rsm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf&eftm;ay;
&ygrnf/
yHk 13 DMC ESif h aqG;aEG;aepOf? xdyfacsmif;aus;&Gm? uRef;ndKaus;&Gmtkyfpk? bdkuav;NrdKUe,f
ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufpOfaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm; - rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme odkhr[kwf tjcm;ppfrSefaom
t&if;tjrpfrS&&Sdaomowday;csufudkjzefUa0jcif;?aus;&GmtwGif;&Sdowday;csuf
jzefUa0a&;tzGJU\ tultnDudk &,lí toHcsJUpufjzifh vSnfhvnfaMujimjcif;?
bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rsm;rS aMujimjcif;? qifhuJwkH;armif;acgufaom pepf
uJUodkUaom orm;&dk;usenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jzefUa0jcif;
- ab;uif;&modkUa&TUajymif;a&;tzGJUu &yf&Gmudk ab;uif;&modkU a&TUajymif;jcif;
- &SmazGu,fq,fa&;tzGJYGJU tultnDjzifh &SmazGjcif;ESifhu,fq,fjcif;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 55
- a½S;OD;olemjyKtzGJYGJUu a½S;OD;olemjyKvkyfaqmifay;jcif;ESifh usef;rma&;Xme?
tjcm;Xmersm;ESifh nSdEIdif;í aq;0g;ukorI tultnD pDpOfay;jcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufjyD;aemufaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;
- tysuftpD; vdktyfcsuf pGrf;aqmif&nf tuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfNyD; ysufpD;rIrsm;?
vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jrdKUe,f^aus;&GmtkyfpktmPmydkifrsm;xH tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;
- jrdKUe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpk tmPmydkif? taxmuftyHhay;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
u,fq,fa&;ypönf;rsm;ay;ydkUa&;vkyfief;rsm;n§dEdIif;jcif;? tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;
ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
- &yf½Gm\ vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ½kyfydkif;jyefvnfxlaxmifrI Oyrm - toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? vlrIb0pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESpfodrfhtm;ay;jcif;? aetdrfrsm;
ESifh tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; jyefvnfaqmufvkyf&ef ulnDyHhydk;jcif;
- jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf tultnD&½Sd&ef tpdk;&Xmersm;? taxmuftyHh
ay;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif½Gufjcif;
- jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;tqifhwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk aygif;pnf;aqmif½Gufjcif;
- &yf½Gmab;uif;rIudk jr§ifhwifNyD; tem*wf wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;twGuf
r[mAsL[mrsm;azmfxkwf&eftwGuf DMC \ pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh xda&mufrI
wdkU tygt0if vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIudk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
6-4 DMC \ rlrsm;
• vltrsm;\ tcef;u@t"dujzpfaMumif; vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;wGif todtrSwf
jyK&ygrnf/ jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm; vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh vltrsm;\
oabmwlnDrIESifh tjynfht0 yg0ifaqmif½GufrIryg½SdbJ tajymif;tvJ jzpfay:ap
&ef BudK;yrf;rnfqdkygu raumif;aomtajymif;tvJrsm; odkUr[kwf rqDavsmf
aom tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfay:vmEdkifygonf/
• DMConf ab;tEÅ&m,fudk cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom &yf½Gmwnfaqmufa&; [laom
&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifatmifjrif&ef enf;vrf;wpfckom jzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
DMC onf oifhavsmfaom vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/
• DMC \ zGJUpnf;yHkudk ½dk;½Sif;pGm zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; vkyfief;rsm;\ yrmPudk
rrsm;vGef;ap&yg/ DMC udk aemiftcg xyfrHí wdk;csJUEkdifygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 56
• vltrsm;yg0ifaqmif½Guf&efESifh vltrsm;\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh zGJUpnf;&ef?
xdef;csKyf&ef tm;ay;&ygrnf/
6-5 DMC ESif htzGJ Yrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;
avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifhoufqkdifaomvkyfief;rsm;udk atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf
DMC \ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufjr§ifhwifay;&ef jzpfygonf/
avhusifhoifwef;ay;rI vdktyfrnfh t"duu@ 2&yfrSm -
• &yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh
• tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI wdkUjzpfygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif; wGiff ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGuf
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifhwkHUjyefjcif; ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; wdkYudk tav;xm;
aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ oifwef;qdkif&mtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk Z,m;-13 wGif azmfjyxm;
ygonf/
Z,m;-13 ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;oifwef;wGifyg0ifoifhaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;
ab;tEÅ&m,f twGuf
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESif hwkHUjyefjcif; ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;
• ½SmazGjcif;ESifh u,fq,fjcif;
• a½S;OD;olemjyKpkjcif;
• u,fq,fa&;n§dEdIif;jcif;ESifh
jzefUjzL;jcif;
• ta&;ay:cdkvHI&mae&m pDrHcefUcGJjcif;
• tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;&modkU
ajymif;a½TUjcif;qkdif&m pDrHcefUcGJjcif;
• ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;vkyfief;vrf;ñTefay;jcif;
• tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfjcif;
• tEÅ&m,ftaMumif; qufoG,fajymqdka&; yHkpH
xkwfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufjcif;
• e,fajra'owGif; owday;onfh pepfrsm; yHkpH
xkwfa&;qGJjcif;
• tzGJUtpnf;ydkif;qkdif&mxdcdkufrI enf;yg;oufom
apjcif;
• toufarG;0rf;ausmif;a&½Snf wnfwHhEkdifapjcif;
• &yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI avQmhcsa&;udk
vHIUaqmfpnf;½Hk;jcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESif hwkHUjyefjcif;oifwef;rsm;onf DMC
atmufwGif zGJYpnf;xm;&Sdaom tzGJYGJYrsm;twGuf&nf&G,fjyD; ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 57
oifwef;rsm;onf DMC odkYr[kwf aus;&Gm^&yf&Gm ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;
twGuf &nf&G,fygonf/
tzGJUtpnf;yd kif;pDrHcefUcG JrIESif hzG HUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;oifwef;rsm;onf DMC 0efxrf;rsm;
ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; DMC \ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk xda&mufpGm
aqmif½GufEdkifapa&; jyifqifay;&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg taMumif;t&mrsm;
yg0ifygrnf/
• acgif;aqmifrI
• tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
• aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;jcif;? y#dyu©udk pDrHcefUcGJjcif;ESifh ajz½Sif;jcif;
• &yf½Gmudk EdI;aqmfjcif;
• bwf*sufa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aiGaMu;pDrHcefUcGJjcif;
• tqdkjyKcsufa&;om;jcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif;
• tpnf;ta0; odkUr[kwf avhusifhoifwef;ay;&mwGif OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;jcif;
• rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; xdef;odrf;xm;½Sdjcif;
yHk 13 a&S;OD;olemjyKpkenf;oifwef; yH k 12 &SmazGu,fq,fa&;oifwef;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 58
tcef; 6
avhvmcJhorQ . . .
- DMC zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifjcif;
\ t,ltqESifh
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
- DMC \rlrsm;ESif h
vkyfief;wm0efrsm;
- DMC ESif h¤if;\tzGJUrsm;tm;
pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§if hwifjcif;
taumif;qHk;udkarQmfvifhyg?tqdk;qHk;twGufjyifqifyg/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 59
tcef; 7
vkyfief;tqifh (6) - &yf½Gmvlxkudk,fwdkifpDrHcefUcGJítaumiftxnfazmfjcif;
7-1 taumiftxnfazmfa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESif h vkyfief;pOfrsm;
yg0ifaqmif½GufaomtpDtpOfa&;qGJonfh vkyfief;pOfrS &yf&Gm^aus;&Gm^&yfuGuf
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfay:xGufvmygrnf/tcsdKUjzpf&yfrsm;wGif,if;tpDtpOf
ü yrmPtm;jzifh ao;i,faomvkyfief;rsm; ta&twGuftenf;i,frQom yg0ifygrnf/
tjcm;&yf½Gmrsm;wGif jynfhpHkaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;tpDtpOf odkUr[kwf
pDrHcsufudk aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;jzpfEdkifygonf/
&yf½Gm ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU DMC onf tpDtpOfwGif azmfjyonfhtwkdif;
ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ygrnf/ xdkodkUaom
tzGJUtpnf;jzifh xda&mufpGm vkyfief;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh pDpOfa&;qGJxm;aom vkyfief;
rsm;udk&½SdEdkifaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;jzifh tcsdefrD taumiftxnfazmfEkdifaprnfjzpfygonf/
,if;odkU taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm; yg0ifygrnf/
Oyrm - vkyfief;wm0efowfrSwfay;jcif;? &yf½GmrSt&if;tjrpfrsm;EdI;aqmfjcif;? pGrf;aqmif
&nfwnfaqmufjcif;? apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;
jyifqifjcif;rsm; yg0ifygrnf/
7-1-1 vkyfief;wm0ef owfrSwfay;jcif;
&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU(DMC) onf vdktyfonf[k owfrSwfazmfxkwf
xm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrH t&yf&yfudk taumiftxnfazmf&ef
twGuf oifhavsmfaomaumfrwDrsm;udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&ygrnf/ Oyrm- a&S;OD;olemjyK
tzGJU^tkyfpk? ab;uif;&modkU a½TUajymif;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk? BudKwifowday;a&;tzGJU^ tkyfpk?
ckdvIH&mae&mtzGJU^tkyfpk ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/ ,if;tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm;tm; wm0ef
0wå&m;rsm;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfay;xm;NyD; ¤if;wdkUtm; ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;udk
taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf qdkif&muRrf;usifrIrsm;½Sdonfh vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? tkyfpkrsm;udk
qufoG,f&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifap&ef aqmif½Gufay;&ygrnf/ xdkUtjyif &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUonf vkyfief;toD;oD;udk aqmif½GufEdkif&eftvdkUiSm ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom
&yf½GmESifh &yf½Gm\ t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfEdkifygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 60
DMC onf ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk wGifus,fpGm taumiftxnf
azmfEd kif&eftwGuf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; wpfOD;csif; vkyfief;wm0efrsm; owfrSwfay;&ygrnf/
7-1-2 pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;
wm0ef½Sdolrsm;ESifh aumfrwD0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ vkkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk taumiftxnf
azmf&ef enf;ynmydkif;? uRrf;usifrIydkif; pGrf;aqmif&nf½Sd&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ DMC udk
zGJUpnf;NyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf rdwfzuftif*sDtdkrsm;? tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHrS0efxrf;rsm;
\ uRrf;usifrIwnfaqmuf&ef tultnD &,lEkdifygonf/ DMC wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh
avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;tao;pdwftcsufrsm;udk vkyfief;tqifh 5 wGif azmfjyxm;
ygonf/
7-1-3 t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk Ed I;aqmfjcif;
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfonfh vkyfief;pOfonf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,f
tuJjzwfjcif;ESifhtpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;tqifhrsm;wGifpwifaqmif½Guf&ygonf/vdktyfaom
enf;ynmuRrf;usifrIrsm;&yf½GmwGifr&½SdEdkifygu DMC onf vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;
ay;&ef jrdKYe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwDESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;?
tif*sDtdkrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdI;aqmf&ygrnf/ þodkUaqmif½Guf&mwGif DMC tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh aumfrwDrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk wnfaqmuf&ef t&if;tjrpfrsm;
EdI;aqmfjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ oifhawmfaom t&if;tjrpftrsdK;rsdK;udk
EdI;aqmf&ef jzpfygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 61
7-1-4 apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;
DMC onf oabmwlnDxm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;
taumiftxnfazmfrItay:wdk;wufrIudk apmifhMunfh&eftvdkUiSm yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom
apmifhMunfhppfaq;a&; vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&ef pDpOf&ygrnf/ apmifhMunfhppfaq;
jcif;&mwGif vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI? tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsufrsm;?
bwf*suf? ñTefjycsufrsm;? xGufay:&v'frsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;\ oufa&mufrIrsm;udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;&ygrnf/ rnfolwdkU
tay:qdk;usdK;jzpfay:apaMumif;? EkwfxGufoGm;olrsm;½Sd-r½SdESifh ½Sdygu tb,faMumifh
EkwfxGufoGm;aMumif;wdkUudkvnf;avhvm&ef jzpfygonf/yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;onfhpepfudk tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifapvsuf wnfaxmif
&ygrnf/ odkUrSom ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhppfaq;vdkaom tcsuftvufrsm;? rnfonfh
enf;vrf;jzifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;vdkonf[laom tcsuf
rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vkdtyfcsuftrsdK;rsdK;udk jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifygrnf/ apmifhMunfhppfaq;
onfhvkyfief;pOfwGif tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;? jyefvnfoHk;oyfaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;
usif;yjcif;? tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;wdkU yg0ifygrnf/
a,bk,stm;jzifh apmifhMunfhppfaq;aom tpD&ifcHpmwGif atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;
yg0ifoifhygonf/
• tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jyKpkonfh aeUpGJ
• tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jyKpkaom tzGJUtpnf;
• tpD&ifcHwifjyonfh tcsdefumv
• vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI
• ñTefjycsufrsm;t& atmifjrifrIrsm;
• &nf&G,fcsufudk jynfhrDSrI
• awGUMuHKcJh&aom jyóemrsm;
• jyóemrsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef aqmif½GufcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;
• tMuHjyKcsufrsm;
• aiGaMu;tpD&ifcHpm
apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;qdkif&m aemufxyf tao;pdwf
tcsuftvuf rsm;udk aemufqufwGJ-3 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 62
7-1-5 vsmxm;csufrsm;ESif h tpDtrHrsm;udk n§dEd Iif;jyKjyifjcif;rsm;
ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm; aqmif½Guf&mü arQmfrSef;xm;aom OD;wnfcsuf
rsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkUiSm tpDtpOfa&;qGJaom vkyfief;pOf
twGif;wGif n§dEdIif;jyKjyifrIrsm; vdktyfaumif;vdktyfygrnf/ taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif½GufaepOftwGif; DMCESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf tcsdKUaom
vkyfief;rsm;rSm tpDtpOfa&;qGJpOfu arQmfrSef;cJhouJhodkU qDavsmfrIr&SdaMumif;^
xda&mufrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ odkUr[kwf tcsdKUaomvkyfief;rsm;rSm tjcm;aom
tkyfpkrsm;tay: qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; ½SdEdkifygonf/ DMC taejzifh vkyfief;
aqmif½GufrIrsm;? ñTefjycsufrsm;? tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsufrsm;? bwf*sufwdkUudk
vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;jyKjyifí &nf&G,fcsufrsm; jynfhrDatmif qufvufaqmif½Guf&rnf
jzpfygonf/ DMC onf topfazmfxkwf&½Sdaom vkyfief;rsm;ESifhvsmxm;csufrsm;udk
taumiftxnfazmf&ef aemufxyf t&if;tjrpfrsm; EdI;aqmf&,l&ef vdktyfaumif;
vdktyfEdkifygonf/
7-2 t&if;tjrpfEd I;aqmf&mwGif rnfodkU ulnDyH hyd k;rnfenf; ... &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUonf oGif;tm;pkrsm;ESifh t&if;tjrpf vdktyfcsufrsm;
udk aqG;aEG;&efESifh ¤if;wdkYudk&½SdEdkifrnhfae&m?Xme?tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk azmfxkwf&eftwGuf
tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tpnf;ta0;udkac:,lusif;y&ygrnf/,if;tpnf;ta0;
wGif OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olonf atmufygwdkUudk aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/
ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;twGufaqmif½GufEdkifrnfh tpDtrHrsm;? ,if;tpDtrH
rsm;udktaumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfaom oGif;tm;pkrsm;ESifh ,if;oGif;tm;pkrsm;
jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdif&ef vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;taMumif; aqG;aEG;&ef pDpOf
aqmif½Gufjcif;
vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; (vlrIa&;ESifh enf;ynmt&if;tjrpfrsm;)? ½kyf0w¬K
ypönf;^½kyfydkif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;? obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;? aiGaMu; t&if;tjrpf
rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;&ef tm;ay;jcif;/
tzGJUtpnf;twGif;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;jyifyrS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;ESifh?
vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpf rsm;udk rnfonfh ae&mrS EdI;aqmfEkdifaMumif; ½Sif;vif;pGm
od½Sd&efaqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ e,fajrcHtusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifolrsm;wGif &yf½GmwGif
aexdkifolwpfOD;csif;? rdom;pkrsm;? bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;?
rlqvifAvDrsm;? &yf½GmwGif;tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf aus;&GmvlBuD;rsm; yg0ifEkdif
ygonf/ jyifyrS tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;wGif NrdKUe,fab;tEÅ&m,f
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 63
pDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwD? tif*sDtdkrsm;? yk*¾vdupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;? y&[dw
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/
atmufygZ,m;14wGifazmfjyxm;aom&if;jrpfEdI;aqmfjcif;Z,m;udk &if;jrpfEId;aqmfjcif;
vkyfief;pOfwGiftoHk;jyK&efenf;vrf;ud&d,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;? tqdkygvkyfief;pOf\
tqHk;owf&v'ftjzpfvnf;aumif; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/
Z,m; 14 &if;jrpfEI d;aqmfjcif;Z,m;
oGif;tm;pkrsm; vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm; &½SdEdkifaom ae&mrsm;
vlUpGrf;tm; ½kyfydkif; obm0 aiG
aMu;
&yf½Gm jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;
tif*sDtdk tpdk;&
enf;ynm
rnfodkUaom uRrf;usifrI
trsdK;tpm; vkdtyfoenf;/
rnfrQ vdktyfoenf;/
rnfonfh tcsdefwGif vkdtyf
oenf;/
rnfonfh ae&mwGif vkdtyf
oenf;/
tcsdefumv rnfrQ txd
vkdtyfoenf;/
½kyf0w¬Kypönf;
rnfodkUaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;
oGif;tm;pktrsdK; tpm;rsm;
vkdtyfoenf;/
rnfrQ vdktyfoenf;/
rnfonfh tcsdefwGif vkdtyf
oenf;/
rnfonfh ae&mwGif vkdtyf
oenf;/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 64
7-3 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfaqmifyH k
DMC onf tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk zdwfac:í tcsdefumvowfrSwfí
yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfonfhtpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;yjcif;jzifh yg0ifaqmif½Guf
aom jyefvnfoHk;oyfonfhvkyfief;pOfudk xlaxmifoifhygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg
BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; aqmif½Guf&ef vkdtyfygonf/
DMConf tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tm;vHk;udk tcsdefumvowfrSwf
í yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef
EIwfjzifh? pmjzifh odkUr[kwf w,fvDzkef;qufoG,fí vdktyfovdk zdwfMum;&
ygrnf/ oabmwlnDxm;aom tpD&ifcHpm yHkpHudk ay;ydkUNyD; vdktyfovdk
owday;EId;aqmfpmrsm; a&;om;xkwfjyef&efjzpfygonf/
DMConf tpnf;ta0; usif;yrnfhae&m? tpnf;ta0; twGuf vdktyfaom
ae&mxkdifcif; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk pDpOfygrnf/ Oyrm -tpnf;ta0;cef;r?
pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;? rifwH? uGefysLwmESifh y½dk*sufwmwdkU vdktyfNyD;
&&SdEdkifygu toHk;jyKEkdif&ef pDpOf&ygrnf/
DMC onf rSwfpka&;om;olwpfOD;udk wm0efay;tyfxm;&ygrnf/ ¤if;u
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm; jyKpkNyD; tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufolrsm;xH jzefUa0
ay;&ygrnf/
7-4 vsmxm;csufrsm; odkUr[kwf tpDtpOfudk jyifqifyH k
tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI?
ñTefjycsufrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;\
oufa&mufrIwdkUudk tcsdefumvowfrSwfí yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk
ar;jref;jcif;jzifh &½SdcJhaomwdk;wufrIudk qef;ppfavhvm Ekdifygonf/
vkyfief;rsm;udk pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; taumiftxnfazmfcJhygovm;/ &nf&G,f
csufrsm; jynfhrDygovm;/
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf OD;wnfcsufrsm;atmifjrif&ef rnfodkU taxmuftul
jyKcJhygoenf;/
vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;onf vltrsm;\ ½IjrifyHkrsm;? tjyKtrlrsm;? ½kyfydkif;ESifh
vlrIa&;ydkif; om,m0ajyma&;? pGrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf;½Sdapa&;wdkUwGif tvdk½Sdaom
oufa&mufrI (tajymif;tvJrsm;) jzpfyGm;ap&ef pGrf;aqmifEkdifygovm;/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 65
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jynfhrDatmif tb,faMumifh raqmif½GufEdkifygoenf;/
(tusHK;0if ygu) vkyfief;rsm; odkUr[kwf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ajymif;vJ&ef
vdktyfygovm;/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrif&ef rnfonfhvkyfief;topfrsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef
vdktyfygoenf;/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;\ oufa&mufrIudk tuJjzwf&eftwGuf
rnfonfh ñTefjycsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufcH&aomtkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; ½Sdygovm;/
EkwfxGufoGm;aom tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; ½Sdygovm;/ tb,faMumifh
þodkY jzpf&ygoenf;/
vuf½Sd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm rSefuefrI ½Sdygovm;/ tajymif;tvJ jyKvkyf&ef
vdktyfygovm;/ rnfonfh &nf&G,fcsufopfrsm;ukd xm;½Sd&ef vdktyfygoenf;/
&nf&G,fcsufopfrsm; jynfhrDatmif aqmif½Guf&ef rnfonfhvkyfief;opfrsm;
vdktyfygoenf;/
vuf½Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm vkyfief;opfrsm;taumiftxnfazmf&ef vHkavmufrI
½Sdygovm;/ aemufxyft&if;tjrpfrsm; vdktyfygvm;/
rnfonfh t&if;tjrpftopfrsm;udk rnfrQ vdktyfygoenf;/
&yf½GmtwGif;wGif ,if;t&if;tjrpfrsm; &½SdEdkifygovm;/ rnfolwdkUwGif ,if;
t&if;tjrpfrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/
jyifyrS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmf&ef vdktyfygovm;/ vkdtyfygu rnfolUxHrS
rnfrQ vdktyfygoenf;/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 66
tcef; 7
avhvmcJhorQ . . .
- taumiftxnfazmfa&;
vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESif h
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
- t&if;tjrpfEd I;aqmf&mwGif rnfodk Y
ulnDyH hyd k;rnfenf;/
- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfaqmifyH k - vsmxm;csufrsm; odkUr[kwf
tpDtpOfudk jyifqifyH k
rarh&ef
jyifqifrItm;enf;qHk;tcsdefwGif
ab;tEå&m,fusa&mufvdrfhrnf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 67
tcef; 8
&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;\ t"dutpdwftydkif;rsm;
&yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&; CBDRM wGif t"duta&;ygaom
tpdwftydkif; 8&yf ½Sdygonf/ oufqdkif&m ñTefjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí ,if;tpdwftydkif;
rsm;udk wdkif;wmtuJjzwf&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm jyifyrS uruxjyK
aqmif½Gufaom zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm; NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;
&yf½GmwGif;vkyfief;rsm; pOfqufrjywf qufvufaqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkUiSm CBDRM
vkyfief;tpDtpOfu e,fajrcH&yf½GmtwGif;wGif wnfaxmifEdkif&ef BudK;yrf;&rnfh tzGJU
tpnf;pepf tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh xGufay:&v'frsm; jzpfygonf/ þxGufay: &v'f
ñTefjycsufrsm;onf a&½SnfwnfwHhaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI&½Sda&; e,fajrcH&yf½Gm\
pGrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf CBDRM vkyfief;pOf\ atmifjrifrIudk
wdkif;wm&ef ñTefjycsuftjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/
t"duta&;ygaom tpdwftydkif; 8 &yfESifh ,if;tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh oufqkdifaom
ñTefjycsufrsm;udk Z,m;-15 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; 15 t"du ta&;ygaom CBDRM tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESif h oufqkdif&m ñTefjycsufrsm;
pOf t"du tpdwftydkif;
t"du ñTefjycsufrsm;
(vlwpfOD;csif;ESif h &yf½GmaexdkifrIb0
tajymif;tvJrsm;udk wdkif;wmjcif;)
1 &yf½Gm ab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcG Ja&; tzGJUtpnf;
(DMC)
&nf½G,fcsuf - CBDRM
vkyfief; rsm;udk
&yf½GmtqifhwGif taumif
txnfazmf&ef
tzGJUtpnf;tpDtrH wpf&yfudk
wnfaxmifí tm;jznfh ay;NyD;
a&½Snf aqmif½Guf&ef
- acgif;aqmifrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKjcif; - tkyfpkrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;jzpfjcif; - tkyfpkrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; tcef;u@rsm;udk
csJUxGifazmfjyNyD;jzpfjcif; - DMCtopfzGJUpnf;jcif;?
&SdjyD;&yf&GmtajcjyKtzGJYtpnf;udk DMCtjzpf azmfxkwf
jcif;? xda&mufpGmvkyfief; aqmif½Gufvsuf ½SdaMumif;
ñTefjycsufrsm;rSmatmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf- - pkzGJUaom tpDtrHrsm;jzifh ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;
qdkif&m OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;tMum;
pkpnf; yl;aygif; aqmif½GufrI jr§ifhwifjcif; - ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk DMC tzGJU0ifrsm;u
tm;vHk;oabmwlnDcsufjzifh csrSwfjcif;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 68
2 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f
avQmhcsa&; &efyH kaiG &nf½G,fcsuf -
&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;apa&;ESifh BudKwif
jyifqifa&; tpDtrHrsm;
taumiftxnfazmf&ef
twGuf t&if;tjrpfrsm;
&½Sda&; aqmif½Guf&ef
- &efyHkaiGjznfhqnf;ay;a&; tpDtrHrsm; csrSwfxm;jcif; - DMC u &efyHkaiG &½Sda&; EdI;aqmfjcif; - &yf&GmtajcjyKtzGJYtpnf;uaiGpm&if;xm;½SdtoHk;jyKjcif; - cGJa0owfrSwfay;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;oabmwlnDxm;NyD;
jzpfjcif; - aiGaMu;pDrHcefUcGJ&ef 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusifhoifwef;
ay;NyD;jzpfjcif; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ xnfh0ifrIrsm;udk
tpD&ifcHwifjyEkdifjcif; - tjcm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;rS xnfh0ifrIrsm;udk
tpD&ifcHwifjyEkdifjcif; - tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,folrsm;xH &efyHkaiGrsm; xkwfay;
a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk oabmwlnD xm;NyD;jzpfjcif; 3 &yf½Gm\ ab;&ef? tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frI?
pGrf;aqmif&nf ajryHk &nf½G,fcsuf - &yf½GmtajcjyK
ab;tEÅ&m,f avQmhcsa&;ESifh
&yf½Gmavhvmoif,l a&;
twGuf tajccHjzpfap&ef
- e,fajra'owGif; ab;&ef ajryHkrsm; tNyD;owf
a&;qGJNyD; jzpfjcif; - tEÅ&m,f ydkrdkusa&mufvG,foltkyfpkrsm; udk azmfxkwfNyD;
jzpfjcif; - qif;&rGJawrI tqifhudk azmfxkwfí ajryHka&;qGJNyD;
jzpfjcif;? tEÅ&m,fusa&muf vG,frIESifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI
tMum; csdwfqufrIrsm;udk qufpyfazmfxkwfNyD; jzpfjcif; - vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;onfab;&efrsm;? tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frIrsm;? ab;&eftwGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif;
ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;qdkif&mowif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk DMC ESifh e,fajrcH tmPmydkifrsm;^
tif*sDtdkrsm; rS ydkrdkí wuf<upGm ½SmazG&,lvmMujcif; - tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfonfh tcsuftvufrsm; udk
trsm;jynfol od½SdEdkif&ef jyoxm;jcif; 4 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefUcG Ja&; tpDtpOf &nf½G,fcsuf -
e,fajra'owGif;
t&if;tjrpfrsm; udk
EId;aqmfjcif;tm;jzifh
- OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
aMumifh jzpfyGm;aom jyif;xefonfh xdcdkufrIrsm;udk
avQmhcsjcif;?xdef;csKyfEkdifjcif;aMumifh 0ifaiGwdk;jrifh
vmjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf wpfqifhxkwfvkyfrI
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 69
ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apa&;
twGuf &yf½Gmu pkaygif;
aqmif½Gufap&ef
vkyfief;rsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm; [Oyrm toufarG;
0rf;ausmif; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? pufypönf;ud&d,mrsm;?
ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm; (uRJEGm;rsm;? avSrsm;? v,fxGefpuf
rsm;)]0,f,ltoHk;jyKrI wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf vloHk;ypönf;ESifh
0,f,ltoHk;jyKrIESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;
wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif; Oyrm-t0wftpm;?
o,f,lydkUaqmifa&;? tpm;tpm? ½kyfjrifoHMum;?
a&cJaowåm? yefum? avat;puf ponfwdkU - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf uav;oli,f
ynma&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í oHk;pGJaiG
wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif;ESifh rdom;pk usef;rma&;
wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmjcif; 5 DMC avhusifhoifwef;ay;
onfhpepf &nf½G,fcsuf - DMC ESifh
DMC \tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm;\
&yf&GmtajcjyK a½S;OD;olemjyK?
½SmazGu,fq,f a&;?
ab;uiff;&modkU a½TUajymif; a&;
pDrHcefUcGJrI? u,fq,fa&;
vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefUcGJrI ESifh
ta&;ay: tcdktumpDrHcefUcGJrI
qkdif&menf;ynmESifh
tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m
pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwifay;jcif;
- ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&; oifwef;rsm;udk jyifyrS
ac:,ljyKvkyfay;aom tzGJUtpnf; rsm; ½Sdjcif; - e,fajrcH tpdk;&bwf*sufwGif &efyHkaiGrsm;
owfrSwfay;jcif; - avhusifhoifwef;ay;rI tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif; - avhusifhoifwef;ay;onfh vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;
xkwfa0jcif; - &yf½Gm avhusifhoifwef;ay;onfh tpDtpOf jyu©'defrsm;
xkwfa0jcif; - &yf½GmwGif; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; tpD&ifcHpmrsm; - oifwef;topfrsm;twGuf oif½dk;ñTef;wrf;rsm;
6 &yf½Gm ZmwfwdkufavhusifhrI
pepf &nf½G,fcsuf - ab;tEÅ&m,f
wkHUjyefrItwGuf &yf½Gmrsm;
toifh½Sdap&ef
- rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gmtqifhrsm;wGifab;tEÅ&m,fwkHUjyefrI
tjyeftvSeftultnDay;a&;twGuf yl;aygif;
aqmif½GufrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;jcif;? Oyrm tdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;
tultnDay;jcif;? ab;uif;&modkUa½YTajymif;jcif;?
½SmazGu,fq,fjcif;?aiGacs;jcif;?jyeffvnfwnfaqmuf
a&;twGufvkyftm;rQa0jcif;? pm;eyf&du©m odkrSD;
odrf;qnf;&ef rdom;pk0ifrsm;tm; tultnDay;jcif;?
tdrfudk jr§ifhwifí aqmufvkyfjcif; ponf??
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 70
- vltrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif oabm
wlnD xm;aom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
udk vkdufemvkyfaqmifjcif;? Oyrm owday;csuf Mum;od
NyD;aemuf csufjcif; tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a½TUjcif;?
oabmwlnDxm;aom vrf;aMumif;twdkif; oGm;jcif;?
oabmwlnDxm;aom oGm;a&muf &rnfh ae&mrsm;odkU
a&mufatmifoGm;jcif; ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/ - ta&;ay:wHkUjyefrItultnD wdk;jr§ifh ay;tyfjcif;
aMumifh toufqHk;½HI;rI avsmhenf;jcif; 7 &yf½Gm oif,lrIpepf
&nf½G,fcsuf - ab;&efrsm;?
ab; tEÅ&m,frsm;? tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frIrsm;? tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;apjcif; ESifh
BudKwifjyifqifjcif; wdkUudk
vlyk*¾dKvf rsm;? rdom;pkrsm;ESifh
&yf½Gmrsm;u em;vnf
oabmaygufrI wdk;jr§ifh&ef
- OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;&efrScHEkdif&nf
½Sdaom aqmufvkyfa&; vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk
usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpk0ifrsm;onf obm0
ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk
usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkonf ab;&ef
cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom oD;ESHpkdufysdK;enf;rsm;udk usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkonf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh
jyif;xefpGm rxddcdkufa&; a½Smif½Sm;EdkifNyD; a&½SnfwnfwHh
aom 0ifaiG½Sdjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufNyD; tajctaersm;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom
wpfudk,f&nfoefU½Sif;a&; tavhtusifhrsm;usifhoHk;jcif;
aMumifh usef;rma&;qdkif&mab;uif;vHkjcHKrI&Sdjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom
BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh xda&mufaom wkefUjyefrI vkyfenf;
vkyf[efrsm;aMumifh pdwfzdpD;rI tqifhrsm; avsmhenf;
usqif;jcif; 8 &yf½Gm\ apmpD;pGm
BudKwifowday;a&; pepf &nf½G,fcsuf-BudKwifowday;
a&;tpDtrHrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;jcif;
tm;jzifh&yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,f uif;
½Sif;rIudk taxmuftuljyK&ef
- MudKwifowday;aom pepfxm;½SdNyD; oifhavsmfaom
owday;Edkifonfh tmPmydkiftzGJUESifh csdwfqufxm;jcif; - &yf½Gmu BudKwifowday;csuf udkem;vnfjcif; - vlwpfOD;csif;? rdom;pkrsm;? &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh jyif;xefpGm rxdckdufapa&;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 71
a½Smif½Sm; Edkif&ef oifhavsmfaom BudKwifowdjyKonfh
vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif; - toufu,fq,fa&;wGif bmoma&; ESifh vlrIa&;
toif;tzGJUrsm;\ BudKwifowday;jcif;tm;jzifh
tjyKoabm tcef;u@ vkyfaqmifrIudk
OD;wnf&nf½G,faomtkyfpkrsm;ucsD;usL;ajymMum;Mujcif;?
Oyrm- bk&m;rsm;? rlqvifAvDrsm;?
c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;? pmoifausmif; rsm;
ponfwdkU
tcef; 8
avhvmcJhorQ . . .
- CBDRM \ t"du
tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESif h
ñTefjycsufrsm;
tEå&m,fudkraMumufygESif h?MudKwifjyifqifyg/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 72
aemufqufwGJ- 1
yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomaus;vufa'o\tuJjzwfcsuf
(Participatory Rural Appraisal-PRA) udk tusOf;tm;jzifh jcHKiH kazmfjyjcif;
PRA udk &yf½GmtEÅ&m,f tuJjzwfcsufwGif toHk;jyKjcif;onf &yf½GmrS yg0ifaqmif½GufrI?
pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;wuf<upGmzvS,fjcif;?&yf½GmESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;
tMum; n§dEdIif;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfjcif;wdkU vkyfaqmif&ef zdwfac:Ekdifygonf/
PRA udk 1980jynfhtapmydkif;ESpfrsm;twGif;u tdE´d,ESifh uifnmEdkifiHwdkUwGif azmfxkwfcJh
ygonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfom;rsm;ESifh CBDRM vkyfief;aqmif½Guf
olrsm;u us,fjyefUpGm toHk;jyKcJhMuygonf/ PDRAESifh PRA wdkUonf &yf½GmpGrf;aqmif
EkdifpGrf;½Sdapa&;[laom wlnDonfh &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif½SdNyD; yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? qifjcif
oHk;oyfjcif;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif½Gufjcif;[laom wlnDonfh rlrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;ygonf/
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;jcif;ESif h ulnDyH hyd k;jcif; PDRA aqmif½Guf&mwGif tzGJYGJU0ifrsm;onf PRA enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk toHk;jyKí
aqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/ tkyfpkwpfpkpDwGif tkyfpkaqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk pDpOf
xdef;odrf;ay;olwpfOD;? aqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif&efESifh &yf½Gmvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
Munfh½IavhvmrSwfwrf;jyKpk&ef rSwfpka&;om;olwpfOD; yg0ifygrnf/
taxGaxGpnf;rsOf;taejzifh PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;onf tkyfpkwGif yg0ifolrsm;
tm;vHk;udk,fpD yg0ifajymMum;Ekdifonfh tcGifhtvrf;½Sdap&rnfjzpfjyD; rnfolwpfOD;
wpfa,mufurQ aqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfjcif;? BuD;pdk;jcif;? tkyfpktwGuf
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfjcif;wdkY r&Sdap&yg/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;ESifh &yf½GmwGifaexkdif
olrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;xm;onfh ½kyf0w¬Ktwm;tqD;rsm; jzpfaom pm;yGJ ponfwdkUudkvnf;
rxm;½Sdoifhyg/ puf0dkif;yHk tkyfpkvdkuf 0dkif;xdkifjcif;tm;jzifh vlwkdif; tjcm;olrsm;ESifh tjyef
tvSef aqG;aEG;Edkif&ef tcGifhtvrf; &½Sdygrnf/
PRA twGuf toHk;jyKaom ypönf;rsm;
PRA jyKvkyf&mwGif toHk;0ifaom ypönf;rsm;rSm yJaphrsm;? t½G,frwlaom ausmufcJrsm;?
opf½Gufrsm;? ausmufcJ 10vHk;? rifwHrsm;? pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;? a&mifpHkcJwHrsm;?
a&mifpHkpuúLrsm;? aumf? uyf&ef wdyf wdkUjzpfygonf/ PDRA vkyfief;aqmif½Gufol
tm;vHk;wGif ,if;ypönf;rsm; yg0ifaom PDRA tdwf wpfvHk;pD ½Sd&ygrnf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 73
rSwfwrf;xm;½Sdjcif;
&yf½Gm\ trnfESifh tkyfpkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif yg0ifaom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\
trnfrsm;udk PRA rSwfpkrsm;? odkUr[kwf toHk;jyKaom pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;
aemufausmwGif a&;om;xm;&ygrnf/ rSwfpka&;om;olrsm;u &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\
wkefUjyefajymMum;csufrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ avhvmawGU½Sdcsufrsm;udk atmufazmfjyyg
yHkpHtwkdif; a&;om;&efjzpfygonf/
yHk 16 PRA pm½GufvSefum;csyf Oyrm
ae&ma'otrnf aeUpGJ
rSwfpka&;om;oltrnf yg0ifaqG;aEG;olta&twGuf pkpkaygif;
OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ol(rsm;)trnf trsdK;om;ta&twGuf
toHk;jyKaomenf;vrf; trsdK;orD;ta&twGuf
&v'frsm; - t"du ar;jref;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;csufrsm;
1/ oif\ b0aexdkifrIESifh ywf0ef;usifwGif ab;&efaMumifh rnfodkU xdcdkufygoenf;/ (Oyrm
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;)
2/ tNrJwap ,if;odkUyif xdcdkufygovm;/
3/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIonf ,cifuxuf ydkrdkí jyif;xefvmonf[k rnfonfh
tcsdefwGif pwifí owdjyKrdoenf;/
4/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;onf ,cifuxufydkí tb,faMumifh jyif;xefvmygoenf;/
aemufxyf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
avhvmawGU½Sdcsufrsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 74
aemufqufwGJ – 2
&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcG Ja&;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;
1/ &yf&Gmqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;
wnfae&m(jrdKYe,f?&yfuGuf^aus;&Gmtkyfpk?jzpfEdkifygu blrdtkyfpk) {&d,mtus,ft0ef;?
vlOD;a&qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;?(pmwwfajrmufrIEIef;? pD;yGm;a&;? t"dutoufarG;
0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;ponf)? jrdKYe,fXmecsKyfrStuGmta0;? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; (t"du
vrf;rMuD;?&xm;vrf;?a&vrf;ponf)? &moDOwk? yx0Dtaetxm;? ajrrsufESmoGifjyif?
tylcsdef? rdk;a&csdef? oD;ESHpdkufysKd;rIyHkpH? jrpfrsm;? aomufoHk;a&&&SdEdkifonfh t"du ae&mrsm;
ponf/
2/ &yf&GmtwGif; obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI
&yf&GmtwGif; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\&mZ0if? ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufcJhrI
aMumifhtqdk;&Gm;qHk;jzpfay:cJhaomxdckdufrItay:qef;ppfavhvmcsuftqdkygab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;usa&mufEdkifaomae&ma'o?&yf&Gmvlxk? tajccHtaqmuftOD? ¤if;wdkY\ckcHEdkifpGrf;
enf;yg;rI? vlrIpD;yGm;tajctae? tdrf,mrsm;ponf? oufMuD;&G,ftdkvlOD;a&? roefpGrf;
OD;a&?trsdK;orD;OD;aqmifaomtdrfaxmifpkOD;a& ponf/
3/ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcG JrIaumfrwD (DMC) ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD (DMC) ^aus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD
tzGJY0ifpm&if;?taMumif;t&mtvdkufzGJYpnf;xm;aomtzGJY^tkyfpkrsm;(a&S;OD;olemjyK? &SmazG
u,fq,fa&;?tcdktumponf)? trsdK;orD;rsm;yg0ifrI? ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufpOf
toHk;jyK&efpk&yf? jrdKYe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpkab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&r[kwf
aom tzGJUtpnf;tif*sDtdk tp&SdonfwdkUESifh csdwfquf aqmif&GufrIrsm; ponf/
4/ &yf&GmwHkUjyefaqmif&GufrItpDtpOf
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD(DMC)^aus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDESifh
¤if;\tzGJYrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;? jcHKiHkn§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ta&;ay:
owday;csufESifhowif;jzefUa0jcif;? ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIqef;ppfcsufESifhowif;ay;ydkUjcif;? &SmazG
u,fq,fjcif;? aq;0g;tultnDay;jcif;? axmufyHhydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;?
qufoG,fa&;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ,m,Dtrdk;tumpDpOfjcif;? tpm;taomufpDpOfjcif;?
aysmufqHk;olrsm;tm;&SmazGjcif;? wd&pämefrsm;tm; apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh aoqHk;rIrsm;tm;
pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif; ponf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 75
5/ obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;tpDtpOf
ab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifhab;avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;twGuftcdsefowfrSwf
csufESifh wdkif;wmEdkifaomnTefjycsufrsm;? bkef;MuD;ausmif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;rS
wpfqifh&yf&Gmtqifh? pmoifausmif;rsm;rSwpfqifh uav;rsm;twGuf todynmay;a&;
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; ponf)
6/ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;ESif h pdppfoHk;oyfjcif;
tpDtpOftm; tcsdefumvowfrSwfí jznfhpGufjyifqifjcif; (wpfESpfwpfMudrf? rkwfokef
&moDrwdkifrDjzpfvQifydkoifhawmfygonf)tpDtpOfwGifazmfjyxm;aomab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwif
jyifqifa&;ESifhab;avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;?
BudKwifjyifqifrIudkppfaq;Edkif&eftwGuf Zmwfwdkufavhusifhjcif; ponf)
aemufqufwGJ
(u)jrdKYe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpkab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;\qufoG,f&rnfh
vdyfpm? zkef;eHygwf
(c) jrdKYe,ftqifhXmeqdkif&mrsm;ESifhqufoG,f&rnfhtcsuftvufpm&if;
(rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme? rD;owfOD;pD;Xme? jrefrmEdkifiH
MuufajceDtoif;? tif*sDtdkrsm;tygt0if)
(*) &yf&GmESifhteD;ywf0ef;usif&Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;\pm&if;(avSrsm;? a&jyifu,fq,f
a&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;?MudK;rsm;?a&S;OD;olemjyKaowÅm?bwfpfum;? u,fq,fa&;
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;(oHMudK;?wl?a*:jym;ponf)? ab;uif;aomtcdktum? "r®m&Hk?
ausmif;? ,mOf? qefpuf? aq;qdkif? q&m0ef ponf)
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 76
aemufqufwGJ 3
yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESif htuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation - PME
yg0ifaqmif½GufaomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifhtuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;-PME wGif e,fajrcH
&yf½Gm? zGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tvSL½Sifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;
yg0ifaqmif½GufNyD; wdk;wufrIudk rnfodkUwdkif;wmoifhaMumif;? þqef;ppfcsuf&v'ftjzpf
rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&efvdktyfaMumif; twlwuGqHk;jzwfygonf/ oufqkdif
olrsm; tm;vHk;onf pDrHcsufvkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm; rnfrQ xda&mufrI ½Sdonfudk od½Sd&ef
vdktyfonf[k þcsOf;uyfyHkwGif ,lqcsufxm;½Sdygonf/ vltrsm;tm; wdk;wufrI
qdkonfrSm rnfonfudk ac:qdkaMumif; t,ltqrsm;udk qef;ppfNyD; ay:aygufvmonfh
qefUusifrIrsm;? y#dyu©rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef tm;ay;&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh tcuftcJ
pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh MuHKawGU&Edkifygonf/
PME rlrsm;
PME wGif tcsuftcsmusaom us,fjyefUonfh rl4&yf ½Sdygonf/
yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;/ PMEwGif tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufoltrsm;tjym; yg0if
aqmif½GufMuygonf/tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm;? taumiftxnfazmfaom tzGJUtpnf;\
tqifhtm;vHk;½SdpDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief;tpDtpOf0efxrf;rsm;? okawoejyKvkyfolrsm;?
tpdk;&Xmersm;ESifh tvSL½Sifrsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/
oif,lrI/ tawGUtMuHKrSoif,lrIudk tav;teufxm;ygonf/ yg0ifaqmif½Gufol
rsm;onf uRrf;usifrIrsm; &½SdNyD; tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? jyóemajz½Sif;jcif;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfjcif;pGrf;aqmif&nfudk tm;aumif;apygonf/ pDrHcsufudk xdcdkufaom taMumif;
tcsufrsm; odkUr[kwf owfrSwfcsufrsm;? atmifjrifrIESifh ratmifjrifrI taMumif;&if;rsm;?
tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;udk prf;oyftoHk;jyKoifhaom taMumif;&if;rsm;udk ydkrkdí em;vnf
oabmaygufvmrnfjzpfygonf/
aqG;aEG;n§dEd Iif;jcif;/ PME onf vltrsm;\ rwlnDaomvdktyfcsufrsm;? arQmfvifhcsuf
rsm;? &nfrSef;csufrsm;? arQmfrSef;csufrsm;tMum; aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;&ef vlrIa&;vkyfief;pOf
wpf&yf jzpfvmEdkifygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 77
ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f½S djcif;/ PME aqmif½Guf&ef enf;vrf; trsdK;rsdK; ½SdEdkifygonf/
pDrHcsuf\ tajctaeESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;tay: rlwnfí ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f½SdNyD;
vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;Ekdifygonf/
apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;
apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm vkyfief;tpDtpOfwpf&yfudk taumiftxnfazmfrItqifh
tm;vHk;ü tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u pOfqufrjywf odkUr[kwf tcsdefumv
owfrSwfí yHkrSefjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh BuD;Muyfjcif;jzpfygonf/ oGif;tm;pkrsm;? vkyfief;
tcsdefZ,m;rsm;? &nfrSef;aomxGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh tjcm;vdktyfaom vkyfaqmifcsuf
rsm;udk tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif½GufEkdifap&ef jzpfygonf/ pDrHcsuf OD;wnfcsufrsm;
atmifjrif&eftwGuf txda&mufqHk; oGif;tm;pkaygif;pyfjcif;ESifh oGif;tm;pk tpDtpOf
rsm;taumiftxnfay:ap&eftwGufuGif;qif;vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;udkjyKjyifajymif;vJ
Edkifygrnf/
pDrHcsufpDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif; trsdK;tpm; tenf;qHk; 3rsdK;udk
awGU½SdEdkifygonf/
vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm oGif;tm;pk
rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;? vkyfief;rsm;wdk;wufrI? ,if;wdkUudk aqmif½Gufonfh enf;vrf;wdkUESifh
pyfvsOf;í owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;jcif;rSm jzpf&yfrsm; tb,faMumifh jzpfyGm;aMumif;? rnfodkU jzpfyGm;aMumif;?
vkyfief;pOfrsm;\ oufqdkifrI? xda&mufrIESifh wGifus,frIwdkUudk avhvmygonf/ tpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif;? rnfonfwdkUudk apmifhMunhfppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfjcif;? apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;onfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;azmfxkwfírSwfwrf;wifjcif;wdkUwGiftusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfouf
olrsm;ESifh tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm; yg0ifaqmif½Gufapygonf/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;&mwGif vkyfief;pOfudk rnfuJhokdU aqmif½GufaMumif; rSwfwrf;xm;½Sd&ef vdktyf
ygonf/
oufa&mufrIapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ oufa&mufrIapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm OD;wnf
csufrsm;atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdk;wufrI? ,if;OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í rnfonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;½SdaMumif;owif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfygonf/oufa&mufrI apmifhMunhf
ppfaq;jcif;rSm pOfqufrjywf rdrdbmom tuJjzwfjcif; yHko@mefwpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/
aumif;rGefpGm aqmif½Gufygu yHkrSeftuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfcsuf
enf;yg;oGm;ygrnf/ yHkrSef tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfhwdkif vkyfief;tpDtpOf
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 78
0efxrf;rsm;onf vkyfief;OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqmif½Guf&rnfh taetxm;udk
od½SdNyD;jzpfygrnf/
ta&;ygaom tajymif;tvJudk apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ yxrqHk; aqmif½Guf&rnfh
vkyfief;rSm taumiftxnfazmfonfh tzGJUtpnf; 0efxrf;rsm;onf ta&;ygaom
tajymif;tvJ enf;vrf;udk toHk;jyKí rnfonfh tajymif;tvJ e,fy,f odkUr[kwf
tydkif;u@udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;vdkaMumif; azmfxkwf&ef jzpfygonf/ tajymif;tvJ
trsdK;tpm;2rsdK;udk t"duxm; tm½Hkpl;pdkufoifhygonf/ vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI
tajymif;tvJrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfygonf/ ta&;ygt&ma&muf
aom tajymif;tvJ enf;vrf;wGif tajccHtjzpf ½dk;½Sif;aom atmufygar;cGef;udk
ar;jref;&ygonf/ ]]pDrHcsufaMumifh jzpfyGm;onf[k xifjrif,lq&onfh ta&;ygqHk;
tajymif;tvJrSm tb,fenf;}} [lí jzpfygonf/
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rSm pDrHcsufOD;wnfcsufrsm; rnfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd atmifjrifcJh
aMumif; azmfxkwfEkdif&ef pDrHcsufwpfck\ &v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tuJjzwf
aom vkyfief;[k t"dyÜg,fazmfjyEkdifygonf/ pDrHcsufNyD;pD;aomtcg tuJjzwf
oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh pDrHcsuf atmifjrifrI½Sdr½Sd azmfxkwf&ef taxmuf tuljyKEkdifygonf/
atmifjrifrI r½Sdygu tb,faMumifh ratmifjrifaMumif; azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ pDrHcsufudk
qufvuf aqmif½Guf&ef vdktyfaejcif; odkUr[kwf vdktyfaom &v'frsm; ay:ayguf
vmap&ef n§dEdIif;ajymif;vJrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfjcif;wdkU jzpfEkdifygonf/ tuJjzwf
oHk;oyfjcif;onf aqmif½GufqJ vkyfief;rsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;? aemiftcg
tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;wdkUwGif pDrHcefUcGJrItydkif;tm; tultnD
ay;jcif;wdkUtwGuf toHk;jyKEdkifonfh tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m vkyfief;pOfvnf; jzpfygonf/
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfh vkyfief;pOf
rlvyuwdtajctaeavhvmcsuf (yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf)
udk pDrHcsuf rpwifrD aqmif½Gufxm;½SdNyD; tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&ef tajccHtjzpf
toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsdefwGif pDrHcsufOD;wnfcsufrsm; azmfxkwfpOfu
owfrSwfcJhonfh ñTefjycsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD; ,if;tydkif;u@rsm;qdkif&m owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsdefwGif pkaqmif;&ygrnf/ xdkUaemuf vkyfief;
aqmif½Gufolrsm;onf rlvyuwd tajctaeESifh pDrHcsuf taumiftxnfazmfNyD;
tajctaewdkUudk EdIif;,SOfjcif;jzifh tajctaetajymif;tvJrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvm
Ekdifygrnf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 79
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrIjyKvkyf&ef tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufjyKvkyfjcif;
wdkUwGif atmufazmfjyyg vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk aqmif½Guf&ef jzpfygonf/
1/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfh &nf½G,fcsufudk owfrSwfjcif;
• tb,faMumifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfygoenf;/
• rnfolu tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufudk jyKvkyfapvdkygoenf;/
• tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm;rSm rnfolwdkUjzpfygoenf;/
• &v'frsm;udk rnfonfhqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&ef toHk;jyKygrnfenf;/
• &v'frsm;udk rnfodkU toHk;jyKrnfenf;/
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyf&onfh &nf½G,fcsuf trsdK;rsdK; ½SdEdkifygonf/ Oyrm
- omreftm;jzifh pDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief;tpDtpOf tqHk;wGif taumif;
tqdk; xGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tjynfhtpHk azmfxkwf&ef
- aemiftcg vkyfief;tpDtpOf r[mAsL[m a&;qGJ&efESifh Mum;0ifaqmif½GufrI
rsm;\ xda&mufrIrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh oifcef;pmrsm;
azmfxkwf&ef
- rl0g'tajymif;tvJjyKvkyfjcif;?tzGJUtpnf;pepfwnfaxmifjcif;wdkUudk OD;aqmif
pnf;½Hk;&eftwGuf tawGUtMuHKrsm;udk rSwfwrf;xm;½Sd&ef
- tzGJUtpnf;pepfrsm;ukd vlodrsm;apa&;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh t&nftaoG;
aumif;rGefrI? xda&mufrIwdkUudk jyoaom tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef
- vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIwm0ef,l&efESifh wm0ef,laMumif; jyo&ef
- apmifhMunhfppfaq;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef
- rdrd\ vkyfief;udk udk,fwdkifa0zef&ef
- tm;omcsuf? tm;enf;csufrsm; rnfonfhae&mwGif½SdaMumif; od½Sd&ef
- vkyfief;tpDtpOfudk tvm;wl vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOf&ef
- tawGUtMuHKrsm; rQa0&ef
- vkyfief;aqmif½Guf&mwGif ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;vGef;NyD; atmifjrifrIenf;yg;
aejcif; ½Sdr½Sd od½Sd&ef
2/ ñTefjycsufrsm; owfrSwfjcif;
ñTefjycsufrsm;rSm apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfief;pOf trsm;pk
twGuf t"duae&mrS yg0if&ygonf/ ñTefjycsufrsm; a½G;cs,f&mwGif rnfonfwdkUudk
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 80
od½SdvdkaMumif;?rnfonfhtajymif;tvJrsm;udkjzpfyGm;apvdkaMumif;? ,if;tajymif;tvJrsm;
udk rnfuJhodkU apmifhMunfhppfaq;EkdifaMumif; ½Sif;vif;azmfjy&ef vdktyfygonf/ ñTefjycsuf
rsm;onf rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef vdktyfaMumif; qHk;jzwfEkdif&ef
taxmuftuljyKygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkdifolrsm; toHk;jyKaom ñTefjycsufrsm;onf
tultnDay;aom tzGJUtpnf;u toHk;jyKaom ñTefjycsufrsm;ESifh rwlnDbJ jzpfEdkif
ygonf/ odkUaomf yg0ifolrsm;tm;vHk;onf toHk;jyKrnfh ñTefjycsufrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
oabmwlnD&ygrnf/ atmufazmfjyygwkdUudk aqmif½Guf&ef oifhwifhavsmufywfaom
ñTefjycsufrsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkEkdifygonf/
- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;ESifhtwl taxGaxGESifh tao;pdwf vkyfief;pDrHudef;
OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? pDrHudef;xGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tvm;wl jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
- &yf½Gmtay: oufa&mufrI½SdNyD; pDrHcsuf&v'frsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufrI
½SdEdkifonfh jyifytaMumif;tcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? vdktyfygu
ñTefjycsufrsm;udk aemufqHk;tajctaeESifh udkufnDatmif jyKjyifjcif;
- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ jyóemrsm;udk ajz½Sif;&eftwGuf
taumif;qHk;ajz½Sif;csuf a½G;cs,faomtcg azmfxkwfcJhaom pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf tb,faMumifh tcsdKUaom
ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk ydkrdkí ESpfoufygoenf;/
- oufqkdifaomudpö&yfrsm;?tajymif;tvJrsm;udk apmifhMunhfppfaq;&ef tvdkUiSm
ajzMum;ay;&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk jyKpkjcif;
txufwGif½Sif;vif;azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; ñTefjycsufrsm;onf t"duxm;azmfjyrI trsdK;rsdK;
½Sdygonf/ pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfrI (oGif;tm;pkrsm;? xGufay:&v'frsm;) vkyfief;pOf
udk t"duazmfjyaomñTefjycsufrsm; ½SdouJhodkU pDrHcsuf\ oufa&mufrIrsm; (xGufay:
&v'frsm;)udkt"duazmfjyaomñTefjycsufrsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/ vkyfief;pOfESifh oufa&mufrI
ñTefjycsuf ESpf&yfpvHk;rSm ta&twGufESifh t&nftaoG; ñTefjycsufrsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/
3/ t"duxm; tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrnfh taMumif;t&mudk owfrSwfjcif;
- t"duudpö&yfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
- ajzMum;&rnfh wdusaomar;cGef;rsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/
- rnfonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ½SmazGrnfenf;/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 81
- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolUxHrS odkUr[kwf rnfonfhae&mrsm;rS
&½SdEdkif rnfenf;/
- atmifjrifrIrsm;ESifhvkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;udk tuJjzwf&ef rnfonfhñTefjycsuf
rsm;udk toHk;jyKrnfenf;/
4/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwf azmfjyjcif;
- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef rnfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyK
rnfenf;/
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif rnfolwdkU yg0ifaqmif½Gufrnfenf;/
- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif pkaqmif;rnfenf;/
5/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf&v'frsm;udk qef;ppf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyjcif;
- qef;ppfavhvmrnfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfodkU pkaqmif;rnfenf;/
- rnfolonf rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfonfhyHko@mefjzifh
vdktyf oenf;/
- &v'frsm;udk rSefuefrI½SdaMumif; rnfolu rnfodkU ppfaq;rnfenf;/
6/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf tpD&ifcHpmudk a&;om;&efenf;vrf;udk owfrSwf azmfjyjcif;
- tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyrnfhtaMumif;t&m tpDtpOfrSm rnfodkU jzpfygoenf;/
- tpD&ifcHpm yHkpHrSm rnfodkU jzpfygoenf;/
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufrS&½Sd&efarQmfrSef;xm;aomxGufay:&v'frsm;
(oifcef;pmrsm;?rnfonfYtaMumif;t&mwdkYESifhpyfvsOf;onfhtMuHjyKcsufrsm;)rSm
rnfonfwdkUenf;/
- tpD&ifcHpmudk rnfolu a&;om;rnfenf;/
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf &v'frsm;udk rnfolu rnfodkUtoHk;jyKrnfenf;/
7/ taxGaxG tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf tpDtpOfudk tNyD;owfa&;om;jcif;
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfonfh vkyfief;rsm; tcsdefZ,m;udk owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuftwGuf bwf*sufa&;qGJjcif;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 82
- tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufolrsm;\ tcef;u@ESifh wm0efrsm;udk
½Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;
- yg0ifaqmif½Gufolrsm;tm;vHk;udk today;ajymMum;í &nfñTef;&ef owfrSwfcsuf
rsm;udk ¤if;wdkUtm;vHk; oabmwlnDap&ef aqmif½Gufjcif;
Oxfam GB tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf (zdvpfydkif)udkZ,m;-17
wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; 17 Oxfam GB tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf (zdvpfyd kif)
pDrHcsuf
&nfrSef;csuf
yef;wdkif
OD;wnfcsufrsm;
ñTefjycsufrsm;
xGufay:&&SdrI
tusdK;^xGufay:
&v'f
oufa&mufrI
ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aMumifh
&yf½Gmrsm;\
tEÅ&m,fus
a&mufvG,frI
udk avQmhcs&ef
ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;udk wm;qD;
umuG,fjcif;?
BudKwifjyifqif
jcif;? enf;yg;
oufomapjcif;
rsm; jyKvkyfEkdif
&ef &yf½Gmrsm;\
pGrf;aqmif&nf
udk wdk;jr§ifhay;
jcif;
aus;½Gm 10½Gm
teuf wpf½GmpD
wGif 6v twGif;
tav;teuf
wm0ef,l aqmif
½Guf rnfh DM apwemh 0efxrf;
10OD;udk trmcH
tjzpf avhusifh
oifwef;ay;jcif;
&yf½Gmrsm;onf
pnfyifom,m
ab; tEÅ&m,f
&efyHkaiGrS
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk
ab;tEÅ&m,f us
a&mufNyD; 2&uf
twGif;wGif &,l
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
aoqHk;'Pf&m&rI
rsm;? xdcdkufysufpD;
rIrsm;? toufESifh
ydkifqdkif ypönf;
qHk;½HI;rIrsm; 50%
avsmhenf;
usqif;jcif;
trsdK;orD;rsm;onf
CBDRM tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;wGif yg0ifrI
wdk;wufjrifhrm;vm
onfh &v'ftjzpf
tqifhtwef;
jrifhrm;wdk;wufvm
onf/
aus;½Gm 10½GmwGif
12vtwGif;
CBDRM tzGJUtpnf; wpfck
zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif
jcif;
&yf½GmwGif aexdkif
olrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU
\ pGrf;aqmif&nf
rsm;ESifht&if;tjrpf
rsm; taMumif;
odjrifem;vnfrIESifh
,HkMunfrI tqifh
wdk;jrifhvmonf/
aus;½Gm 10½GmwGif
12vtwGif; ab;
tEÅ&m,fwkefUjyef
aqmif½Gufa&;
tpDtpOfrsm;udk
yg0ifaqmif½Guf
aom enf;vrf;
jzifh a&;qGJNyD;
jzpfjcif;
&yf½Gmrsm;onf
ab;tEÅ&m,f
avsmhyg;oufom
apa&; tpDtrHrsm;
udk pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;?
taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;?apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;jcif;?
tuJjzwfoHk;oyf
jcif;rsm;udk tcsdefrD
jyKvkyfEkdifonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 83
obm0ab;
tEÅ&m,frsm;
ESifhvufeuf
udkify#dyu©
rsm;\ &v'f
tjzpf aoqHk;
ol? 'ku©cHpm;
&ol?emrusef;
jzpfol ta&
twGuf ydkrdk
avsmhenf;vm
jcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,f
aMumifhxdckduf
aom&yf½Gmrsm;
tm; t&nf
taoG;
aumif;rGefonfh
vlom;csif;pmem
aom tultnD
&½SdEdkif&efaqmif
½Gufay;jcif;
aus;½Gm 5½GmwGif
6vumv ukefqHk;
csdefü tEÅ&m,f
uif;½Sif;aom
aomufoHk;a&
jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdif
onfh a&wGif; 20
wl;azmfNyD;pD;jcif;
aus;½Gm 5½GmwGif
tdrfaxmifpk 1000
onf tEÅ&m,f
uif;½Sif;aom
aomufoHk;a&
tvHktavmuf
&½Sdonf/
&yf½Gmrsm;wGif a&rS
wqifh ul;puf
aom a&m*grsm;
jzpfyGm;rI 50%
avsmhenf;us
qif;onf/
xkwfvkyfrI
ydkifqdkifypönf;rsm;
vHkjcHKrI wdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvm
onf/
aqGrsdK;rsm;
vuf0,f odkU
vTJajymif; ay;jcif;
rsm; 50%
avsmhenf;
usqif;onf/
trsdK;orD;rsm;
aomufa&cyf&ef
ukefqHk;onfh
tcsdefudk 50%
avQmhcsEkdif onf/
aus;½Gm 5½GmwGif
wpfudk,f&nf
oefU½Sif;a&;
jr§ifhwifay;EkdifpGrf;
½Sdaom trsdK;orD;
&yf½Gm usef;rma&;
apwemh0efxrf;
10OD; udk
avhusihfoifwef;
ay;jcif;
&yf½Gm usef;rma&;
apwemh0efxrf;
rsm;tm; &yf½Gmrsm;
wGif tqifhtwef;
ESifh todtrSwfjyKrI
wdk;wuf&½Sdvm
onf/
vkyfief;uRrf;usif
aom&yf½Gm usef;rm
a&;apwemh0efxrf;
rsm;onf ab;
tEÅ&m,frjzpfyGm;rD
ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfyGm;aepOf
umvrsm;wGif
wuf<upGm yg0if
aqmif½Gufonf/
aus;½Gm 10½GmwGif
wpfudk,f&nf
oefU½Sif;a&;
jr§ifhwifa&;
vIyf½Sm;rI rsm;
aqmif½Gufjcif;/
trsdK;om;rsm;?
trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh
uav;oli,frsm;
onf aumif;rGef
aom wpfudk,f&nf
oefU½Sif;a&;
vkyfenf;vkyf[ef
rsm;udk ydkrdkí odjrif
em;vnfonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 84
rnfonfwdkUudk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrnfenf;/
tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh &nf½G,fcsufay: rlwnfí rnfonfwdkUudk tuJjzwf oHk;oyfoifh
aMumif; azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh OD;wnfcsufudkMunfhí t"du
tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&rnfh tydkif;udk owfrSwf&ygrnf/
tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh&nf½G,fcsufrSm pDrHcsufonf OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk atmifjrifatmif
aqmif½GufEdkifjcif;½Sd-r½Sd tuJjzwf&efjzpfygu pDrHcsufvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udk oufa&mufrI
ñTefjycsufrsm; toHk;jyKí wdkif;wmygrnf/ ]rlvyuwdtajctae}udk pDrHcsuf taumif
txnfazmf aqmif½GufNyD; tajctaeESifh EdIif;,SOfvsuf aumufcsufrsm; csrSwfygrnf/
tu,fí &nf½G,fcsufrSm pDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief; tpDtpOfonf &yf½GmtajcjyK
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; rlabmifESifhtnD taumiftxnfazmfjcif; ½Sd-r½Sd od½SdEkdif&ef
jzpfygu tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif tm½Hkpl;pdkufrI uGmjcm;ygrnf/ tjcm;ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh
ñTefjycsufrsm; vdktyfygrnf/
rnfolutuJjzwfoHk;oyfrnfenf;/
- ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD (DMC) twGif; odkUr[kwf DMC udk,fwdkif
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
- oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? Xmersm;? odkUr[kwf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh
wdkuf½dkufqufpyfrI r½Sdaom uRrf;usifolrsm;u jyify tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrI jyKvkyfjcif;
- DMC twGif;ESifh DMC jyifyrS yg0ifvsuf yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf aom
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;
- tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufoltrsm;rSaqmif½Gufaom yg0ifaqmif½Gufonfh tuJjzwf
oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 85
aemufqufwGJ - 4
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufab;&efrsm;azmfjycsuf
1
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHonf rD;avmifjcif;? awmrD;ab;? ivsifvIyfjcif;? qdkifuvkef;
rkefwdkif;wkdufcwfjcif;? rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;? qlemrDa&vdIif;? ajrNydKjcif;? a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESifh
rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif; tygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK; usa&mufvG,fonfh taetxm;
wGif ½Sdygonf/ ivsifvIyfjcif;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ivsifvIyfjcif; jzpfyGm;&onfh t"dutaMumif;&if; 2&yf ½Sdygonf/ • jrefrmEdkifiHukef;ajrcsyf
jym;atmufodkUtdE´d,
wkdufi,fukef;ajrcsyfjym;
uedrfhqif;NyD;ajrmufbuf
,Gef;,Gef;odkUa½GUvsm;&mrS
jzpfay:vmonfhyGwfwdkufrI • uyÜvDyifv,ftwGif;
A[dkjyKíjrefrmEdkifiHukef;ajr
csyfjym;uajrmufbufodkU
a½GUvsm;jcif; jrefrmEdkifiHwGifivsifvIyfavh
½Sdaome,fajra'o3ydkif;ydkif;jcm;
Ekdifygonf/taemufajrmufydkif;
a'o?tv,fydkif;ajredrfha'o
ESifh½Srf;ukef;jyifjrifh-,leefa'o
wdkUjzpfygonf/ukef;ajrwdkufwpfck
xuftjcm;wpfckuedrfhusoGm;
jcif;?ukef;ajrcsyfjym;2ck yGwfwdkuf
a½GUvsm;jcif;wdkUaMumifh jyif;tm;
1
tao;pdwfudk ADPC ESifhXmeqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS yl;aygif;jyKpkaom “Hazard Profile of Myanmar”pmwrf;wGif
avhvmEdkifygonf/
yH k 15 jrefrmEdkifiH ivsifa'orsm; ajryHk
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 86
tawmftwefrsm;jym;aomajrrsufESmjyifESifheD;uyfonfhivsifESifhajrrsufESmjyifESifha0;uGm
rI tv,ftvwf½Sdaom ivsifrsm; trsm;tjym; vIyfygonf/ ppfudkif;jywfa½GUaMumif;
jzwfoef;oGm;onfh tv,fydkif;ajredrfha'owpfavQmufwGif 20 &mpktwGif; xif½Sm;aom
ivsifBuD;rsm; 18Budrfxufrenf; vIyfcJhygonf/ ivsifvIyfaponfh BuD;rm;aom tjcm;
jywfa½GUaMumif;wpfckrSm ½Srf;ukef;ajrjrifhtaemufydkif;½Sd uDvdkrDwm 500 cefU ½Snfvsm;
aom ausmufusef;jywfa½GUaMumif; jzpfygonf/
ajrNydKjcif;
ajrNydKjcif;rSm awmifwef;a'orsm;? txl;ojzifh taemuf½dk;ra'orsm;ESifh ta½SUbuf
ukef;ajrjrifha'otcsdKUwGif twdkif;twm trsdK;rsdK;jzifh jzpfyGm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/
taemuf½dk;ra'orsm;
wGif ajrNydKrI trsdK;tpm;
tm;vHk; jzpfyGm;ygonf/
Oyrm - ausmufrsm;vdrfh
qif;jcif;?ausmufaqmif
NydKjcif;?ajrpdkifcJNydKusjcif;?
½THUrsm;aysmfuspD;qif;jcif;
wdkUjzpfygonf/vlaeusJ
yg;jcif;aMumifhþa'o
wGifajrNydKaomtcg
wdkuf½dkufxdckdufrI
taejzifhNrdKU½Gmrsm;ysufpD;jcif;xuftajccHtaqmuftODrsm;ysufpD;jcif;om jzpfyGm;ygonf/
qlemrDa&vdIif;
jrefrmEdkifiH\ urf;½dk;wef;udk taemufbufwGif &ckdifurf;½dk;wef;a'o? tv,fydkif;wGif
{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'oESifh awmifydkif;wGif weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;a'o[k tydkif;3ydkif;
ydkif;jcm;Ekdifygonf/ &cdkifurf;½dk;wef;rSm a&wdrfaom yifv,ftydkif;jzpfNyD; uRef;pkrsm;
½Sdygonf/ jrpf0uRef;ay:jzpfwnfrIudkvnf; tcsdKUae&mrsm;wGif awGU½Sd&ygonf/
{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'orSm {&m0wDjrpf0wGif jzpfwnfvsuf½Sdygonf/ tenfusrI?
ESpfpOfjrpf0uRef;ay:us,fjyefUvmrIjrifhrm;vmjcif;aMumifhrkwåryifv,ftwGif;awmifbuf
uDvdkrDwm 50 txd a&wdrfydkif;wGif oJwef;rsm; jzpfyGm;ygonf/ weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;
a'orSmajrmufrSawmifodkUwef;wef;rwfrwfeD;yg; wnf½Sdaeygonf/weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 87
awmifydkif; a'owGif NrdwfuRef;pk ½Sdygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif qlemrDa&vdIif; \ a&yg0ifrI
yrmPESifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI twdkif;twmrSm tdE´d,ork'´&mywfvnf½Sd EdkifiHrsm;ESifh EdIif;pm
ygu edrfhusNyD; xdcdkufaoqHk;rIESifh tysuftpD;yrmPvnf; avsmhenf;ygonf/
taMumif;rSm jrefrmurf;½dk;wef;wpfavQmufwGif qlemrDa&vdIif; tjrifh avsmhenf;jcif;
aMumifhjzpfygonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay: urf;vGefyifv,fjyifwGif jrpf0uRef;ay:aMumifh
jzpfaom a&wdrfydkif;rsm;ü qlemrDvdIif;\ pGrf;tifpka0;rdjcif;aMumifh a&vdIif;tjrifh
tenf;i,f ydkrdkygonf/ weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;wGif qlemrDa&vdIif; ao;i,f&onfh tjcm;
taMumif;wpf&yfrSm ajrmufrSawmifodkU qefUwef;wnf½Sdaeaom NrdwfuRef;pku
tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/
rD;avmifjcif;
rD;avmifjcif;rSm ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;teuf 70%½SdNyD; rMumcP tjzpfyGm;qHk;
ab;&efjzpfygonf/
2
rD;avmifrIta&twGuf avsmhenf;usqif;vsuf½Sdaomfvnf;
rD;avmifrIaMumifh qHk;½HI;rIyrmPrSm wdk;wufjrifhrm;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ rD;avmifrI
trsm;qHk; jzpfyGm;onfh e,fajra'orsm;rSm &efukef? rEÅav;? {&m0wD? ppfudkif;ESifh
yJcl;wdkif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkif;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;aom rD;avmifrIrsm;rSm wpfEdkifiHvHk;
wGif jzpfyGm;aom rD;avmifrI pkpkaygif;\ 63%½SdNyD; aiGaMu;qHk;½HI;rIpkpkaygif;\ 38%cefU
½Sdygonf/ rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;&onfh t"dutaMumif;rsm;rSm rD;zdkacsmifrS avmifuRrf;jcif;
ESifhayghqrIaMumifhavmifuRrf;jcif;wdkUjzpfNyD;rD;avmifrItm;vHk;\83%txd,if;taMumif;
rsm;aMumifh jzpfyGm;ygonf/ rD;trsm;qHk;avmifuRrf;onfh&moD rSm Zefe0g&DvrS arv
txd jzpfygonf/ ESpfpOf ysrf;rQ rD;avmifrI 900 cefU½SdNyD; ydkifqkdif ypönf; tdk;tdrfqHk;½HI;rI
usyf 1 bDvD,H odkUr[kwf tar&duefa':vm 0.91 oef;zdk;cefU ½Sdygonf/
2
em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI (Post Nargis Joint-Assessment)
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 88
yH k 16 jrefrmEdkifiHrD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHk
yljyif;ajcmufaoGYjcif;^rdk;acgifjcif;
jrefrmEdkifiH\ rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;wGif EdkifiHtv,fydkif;ü wnf½Sdaom rauG;? rEÅav;ESifh
ppfudkif;wdkif; atmufydkif;a'orsm; yg0ifygonf/ EkdifiH\ pkpkaygif; e,fajr{&d,m 10%
cefU ½Sdygonf/ Zkefe,fajr owfrSwfaom pHEIef;ay:rlwnfí rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;rS
wpfydkif;rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;rsm;[k owfrSwfygonf/ rdk;uG,fa'owGif wnf½Sdjcif;aMumifh
wpfESpfysrf;rQ rdk;½GmoGef;rIrSm 1000 rDvDrDwm atmufwGif ½Sdygonf/ tylydkif;pdrf;vef;
pdkjynfa&;OD;pD;Xme tqdkt& tylydkif;a'owGif wdkif; 3wdkif;twGif;rS c½dkif 13c½dkif?
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 89
NrdKUe,f 51NrdKUe,fcefU yg0ifvsuf½Sdygonf/ ajrqDvTmESifh opfawmjyKef;wD;jcif;uJhodkUaom
obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;aMumifhpdkufysdK;a&;xkwfvkyfrItajccHrwnfrNidrf
jzpfapygonf/
a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;rsm;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjzpfyGm;onfh t"duab;&efrsm;wGif a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;vnf; tNrJwap yg0ifcJh
ygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,ftm;vHk;\ 11%½SdNyD; rD;avmifrINyD;vQif 'kwd,trsm;qHk; jzpfyg
onf/ 1910 ckESpfrS 2000 ckESpftxd BuD;rm;aom a&vTrf;rdk;rI 12Budrf jzpfyGm;cJhygonf/
a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh touftdk;tdrfydkifqkdifypönf;qHk;½HI;rI? ta&;ygaom tajccHtaqmuf
tODysufpD;rI? pD;yGm;a&;qHk;½HI;rIESifh usef;rma&;qkdif&m jyóemrsm;? Oyrm- a&wGif;a&uef
rsm;ESifh qnfwrHrsm; npfnrf;rI jzpfyGm;NyD; a&rSwpfqifh a&m*gul;pufjcif;rsm; jzpfyGm;
ygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rdk;½GmoGef;rI tm;vHk;vdkvdkrSm arvv,frS atmufwdkbmvtMum;
rdk;&moDwGif ½GmoGef;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ,if;umvwGif a&vTrf;rdk;rIESifh ajrNydKrIrsm;
trsm;tjym; jzpfyGm;avh½Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ESpfpOf a&vTrf;rdk;rI tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;
onfhtcsdefumv 3 csdef ½Sdygonf/ ZGefv? Mo*kwfvESifh pufwifbmvaESmif;ydkif;rS
atmufwdkbmvtwGif; jzpfygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rnfh tEÅ&m,ftrsm;qHk;rSm rkwfokefrdk;
trsm;qHk; ½GmoGef;aom Mo*kwfv jzpfygonf/ rdk;&moDwpfavQmufvHk;wGif jrpf0uRef;ay:
a'o jrpfrsm;wpfavQmuf a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; rMumcP jzpfyGm;wwfNyD; rsm;aomtm;jzifh
awmifay:a'orsm;jzpfavh½Sdonfh jrpftxufydkif;wGifrl vQyfwpfjyuf a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESifh
ajrNydKjcif;rsm;jzpfavh½Sdygonf/ qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;
jrefrmEkdifiHonf b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf
wpfavQmuf ½Snfvsm;aom urf;½dk;wef;a'o
½Sd&m qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; 0ifa&mufwdkufcwf
rnfh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fonf[k ,lqyg
onf/ vGefcJhaom ESpf 100 umv rSwfwrf;
rsm;t& {NyD? arESifh atmufwdkbmvwdkUrSm
qkdifuvkef;&moD[k,lqMuygonf/vGefcJhaom
ESpfaygif; 40 twGif;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHodkU
qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;BuD;rsm;0ifa&mufwdkufcwf
rI 5Budrf ½SdcJhygonf/ 1968ckESpf ppfawG
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 90
qdkifuvkef;? 1975 ckESpf ykodrfqdkifuvkef;? 1982 ckESpf *G qdkifuvkef;? 1994 ckESpf
armifawmqdkifuvkef;? 2006 ckESpf rmvmqdkifuvkef;? 2007 ckESpf tmuwf½Sf
qdkifuvkef;ESifh 2008 ckESpf em*pfqdkifuvkef;wdkU jzpfygonf/ ppfawGqdkifuvkef;aMumifh
aoqHk;ol 1037 OD;ESifh ykodrfqdkifuvkef; aMumifh aoqHk;ol 304 OD; ½SdcJhNyD; em*pfaMumifh
aoqHk;ol 138,373 OD;? xdcdkufol 2.4oef;? ypönf;Opömtdk;tdrfqHk;½HI;rI tar&duef
a':vm 4.1 bDvD,Hzdk; cefU ½SdcJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vltrsm; rSwfrdod½Sdaom
rkefwdkif;rsm;teuf xdcdkufysufpD;rI trsm;jym;qHk;jzpfygonf/
rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif urf;½dk;wef;a'o ½Snfvsm;NyD; ajredrfha'orsm;wGif vlaexlxyfjcif;
aMumifh txl;ojzifh yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif jrifhwufvmygu tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fyg
onf/ yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif tenf;i,frQ jrifhwuf½HkrQjzifh a&wdkufpm;rIrsm; BuD;rm;
us,fjyefUpGm jzpfyGm;ygonf/ IPCC tpD&ifcHpmt& yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif 1 pifwDrDwm
jrifhwufvQif urf;ajca'o 1rDwm ysufpD;rnf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\
{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay: ajredrfha'orsm;rSm 'Da&0ifa&mufaom a&vrf;aMumif; trsm;
tjym; ysHUESHUvsuf½SdNyD; taemufawmifa'orS wdkufcwfvmaom rkefwdkif;rsm;ESifh rkwfokef
avrsm;udk obm0tm;jzifh tumtuG,fray;Ekdifonfudk awGU&ygonf/ yifv,fa&
rsufESmjyifjrifhwufjcif;? qdkifuvkef;rkefwkdif;rsm; ydkrdkí jyif;xefjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usif
a*[pepf ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;wdkUonf tjyeftvSefaygif;pyf tm;jznfhvsuf yifv,fjyif
zufrS jzpfay:vmaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIudk ydkrdkqdk;0g;apygonf/
em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfpOf tawmtwGif;wGif aoqHk;olrsm;\ 90%rSm
rkefwdkif;'Da&vIdif;\ wdkuf½dkuftusdK;quftjzpf aoqHk;&jcif; jzpfonf/
awmrD;avmifjcif;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif awmrD;avmifjcif;rSm omreftm;jzifh ajrrsufESmjyifay:wGifom
avmifuRrf;ygonf/ 'DZifbmvrS tpjyKí arvtxd ajcmufaoGU&moDtwGif; awmrD;
trsm;qHk; avmifygonf/ wkdif;ESifhjynfe,ftm;vHk;wGif ae&muGufMum; jzpfyGm;wwf
ygonf/ odkU&mwGif yJcl;? csif;? u,m;? ucsif? rEÅav;? &cdkifESifh ½Srf;ukef;ajrjrifh
a'orsm;wGif ydkrdkí jzpfyGm;wwfygonf/ awmrD;rsm;aMumifh jrLxlrIjyóemjzpfyGm;vmNyD;
tusdK;quftjzpf &yf½Gmrsm; xdckdufygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 91
aemufqufwGJ 5
t"dyÜg,fazmfjycsufrsm;ESif h toHk;tEIef;rsm;
Disaster ab;tEÅ&m,f
vlUtzGJUtpnf;\ yHkrSefvnfywfaqmif½GufrI jyif;xefpGm ysufjym;NyD; vlom;? ½kyf0w¬K?
obm0ywf0ef;usif qHk;½HI;rIrsm; us,fjyefUpGm jzpfyGm;jcif;udk qdkygonf/ xdcdkufaom
&yf½Gmrsm;\ udk,fydkift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKí ajz½Sif; aqmif½GufEdkifonfh
pGrf;&nfxufausmfvGefaom qHk;½HI;jcif;rsm; jzpfaponf/ ab;&efrsm;\ qdk;usdK;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk pDrHcefUcGJrI aumif;pGm rjyKvkyfEdkifaomtcgwGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
jzpfyGm;ygonf/
Hazard ab;&ef (usa&mufEdkifaomab;tEÅ&m,f)
tajccHtaqmuftODESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;? vlrsm;? ydkifqdkifypönf; tdk;tdrfESifh
obm0ywf0ef;usifwdkUudk jywfawmufap jcif;? odkUr[kwf xdckdufjcif;rsm; jzpfapEkdifonfh
tvm;tvm½Sdaom rnfonfh jzpfpOfjzpf&yf? j'yfypönf; odkUr[kwf tajctaeudkrqdk
&nfñTef;ygonf/
Capacities pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;
vltrsm;ydkifqkdifxm;aom? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif aqmif½GufEdkifaom? EdI;aqmfEdkifaom?
&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm; jzpfygonf/ ¤if; t&if;tjrpf
rsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;aMumifh rdrdwdkU\ tem*wfudk yHkazmf&efESifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
&ifqdkifajz½Sif;&ef ydkrdkí xdef;csKyfrI ½Sdvmygonf/
Vulnerability tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI?ckcHEdkifpGrf;enf;yg;rI
&yf½Gmonf ab;&efaMumifh xdcdkufrItwGuf BudKwifjyifqif&efESifh &ifqdkifajz½Sif;&ef
pGrf;aqmif&nf avsmhenf; usqif;apaom pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? ½kyfydkif; odkUr[kwf
yx0D0ifoabmobm0½Sdonfh taMumif;tcsuf odkUr[kwf uefUowfcsufrsm;udk
qdkvdkygonf/ Risk xdcdkufqHk;&IH;Edkifajc
ab;&efrsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom e,fy,fa'orsm;? vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;?
ydkifqkdifypönf; tdk;tdrfrsm;? obm0 ywf0ef;usifwdkUESifh tjyeftvSef aygif;qHkrdaomtcg
qdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfay:vmEdkifajcudk qdkvdkygonf/
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 92
Risk Reduction Measures ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;
,if;wdkUrSm &yf½Gmrsm;u ¤if;wdkU &ifqkdifae&aom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk tuJjzwfí
qef;ppfavhvmNyD;aemuf azmfxkwf&½Sdaom vkyfief;rsm;? pDrHcsufrsm;?
vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; toD;oD;udk qdkvdkygonf/ ,if;tpDtrHrsm;rSm &yf½GmtwGif;wGif
jzpfyGm;aom vuf½SdESifh tem*wf tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef oD;jcm;
&nf½G,fygonf/
Community &yf½Gm [laom a0g[m&rSm t"dyÜg,foufa&mufrItm;jzifh us,fjyefUNyD;
atmufygwdkU yg0ifygonf/ &yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI (CBDRM) aqmif½Guf&mwGif &yf½Gmudk taMumif;
tcsuf wpfck odkUr[kwf wpfckxufydkrdkí wlnDrI½Sdaomtkyfpkwpfpktjzpf ,lqEkdif
ygonf/Oyrm- ywf0ef;usifwpfckwnf;wGif aexdkifol? ab;tEÅ&m,fxdawGUrI odkUr[kwf
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufrIwlnDol ponfjzifh ,lqEkdifygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fESifhpyfvsOf;í wlnDaom jyóemrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;ESifh arQmfvifhcsufrsm;
½Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif &yf½GmwGifaexkdifolrsm;rSm rwlnDaom tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIrsm; ½Sdygonf/ Oyrm-trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;
rsm;jzpfygonf/ tcsdKUrSm ydkrdkí tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fNyD; tcsdKUrSm ydkrdkí pGrf;aqmif&nf
½Sdygrnf/ CBDRM aqmif½Guf&mwGif
&yf½Gmudkywf0ef;usifwpfckwnf;
wGif aexdkifNyD; ab;tEÅ&m,f
xdawGUrItvm;wlol ponfjzifh
taMumif;tcsuf wpfck odkU
r[kwfwpfckxufydkíwlnDaom
tkyfpk[k ,lqEkdifygonf/
Project pDrHcsuf
BudKwifí owfrSwfxm;aom OD;wnfcsuf odkUr[kwf &nf½G,fcsufESifh tvdk½Sdaom
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif (oufa&mufrI^xda&mufrI) atmifjrif&eftwGuf
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif½Guf&efESifh xGufay:&v'f odkUr[kwf &v'frsm; azmfxkwf&ef owfrSwf
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 93
xm;aom tcsdefumv tawmtwGif;wGif oGif;tm;pk (aiGom;? vkyftm;? enf;ynm?
enf;vrf;rsm;)jznfhqnf;ay;onfhpkpnf;aqmif½Gufaom vlrIa&;vkyfief;pOfudk qdkvdkonf/
Project Planning pDrHcsuftpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
pDrHcsufudk tcsdefrD taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk wGifus,fpGm
toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh pDrHcsuf OD;wnfcsufrsm; atmifjrifap&ef vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk
a½SUaemuf pDpOfaqmif½Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ pDrHcsuf tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&mwGif aqmif½Gufrnfh
vkyfief;rsm;? atmifjrifrI pHEIef;rsm;udk owfrSwfjcif;? wm0efcGJa0ay;tyfjcif;? vkyfief;
rsm;tay: tajccHí tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh t&if;tjrpf cGJa0owfrSwfay;jcif;?
tcsdefumv owfrSwfay;jcif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/
PRA/PLA yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomaus;vuftuJjzwfcsuf^yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomoif,lrI
ESifhvkyfaqmifrI
yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomaus;vuftuJjzwfcsuf(PRA) qdkonfrSm vltrsm;tm; ¤if;wkdU
udk,fwdkif tuJjzwfcsuf? qef;ppfavhvmcsufESifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJrIrsm; jyKvkyfEkdifap&ef?
¤if;wdkUudk,fwdkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifEkdifap&efESifh tajcjyyHk? ajryHkuJhodkUaom ¤if;wdkU
udk,fydkifZ,m;rsm;? yHkrsm;a&;qGJEkdifap&ef csOf;uyfyHkrsm;? tjyKtrlrsm;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
qdkvdkygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;udk yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom oif,lrIESifhvkyfaqmifrI (PLA) [k azmfjyMuolrsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/ (Chambers, Whose Reality Counts: Putting the First
Last, 2002, p.7)
Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom
ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf PDRA qdkonfrSm oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;u rdrdwdkU\ b0aexdkifrIudk xdcdkufrnfh
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkavsmhenf;usqif;ap&efESifh^odkUr[kwfyaysmufap&eftwGufoifhwifh
avsmufywfaom tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJNyD; ckdifrmaomvkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif½Guf&eftvdkUiSmab;tEÅ&m,fowif;tcsuftvufrsm;pkaqmif;í qef;ppfavhvm
aomvkyfief;pOfjzpfygonf/,if;vkyfief;pOfrSmtEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeolrsm;?tmPmydkifrsm;
ESifhtjcm;oufqkdifolrsm; yg0ifywfoufonfhaqG;aEG;rIESifhn§dEdIif;rIvkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/
Monitoring apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;
tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u vkyfief;wpf&yf taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Gufjcif;
udk pOfqufrjywf odkUr[kwf tcsdefumvowfrSwfí yHkrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh
BuD;MuyfuGyfuJjcif;jzpfygonf/ oGif;tm;pkrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 94
tcsdefZ,m;rsm;twdkif;aqmif½Gufjcif;?OD;wnf&nf½G,fonfh xGufay:&v'frsm; tpDtpOf
twkdif; &½Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/
Evaluation tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;
pDrHcsuf\ OD;wnfcsufrsm; rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd atmifjrifatmif aqmif½GufEkdif
aMumif;od½Sd&eftvdkUiSm pDrHcsuf\ &v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIwdkUudk tuJjzwfjcif;
jzpfygonf/ pDrHcsufudk xuf0ufrQ aqmif½GufNyD;pD;csdefwGif umvv,f tuJjzwf
oHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfNyD; vdktyfygu n§dEdIif;rIrsm;? tajymif;tvJrsm; jyKvkyfygonf/ pDrHcsuf
NyD;qHk;csdef tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufudk pDrHcsuf\ taxGaxG &nf½G,fcsufatmifjrifrI ½Sdr½Sd
qHk;jzwf&ef vkyfaqmifygonf/
Disaster Risk Management ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI
tEÅ&m,frsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif;? qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;? ajz½Sif;aqmif½Gufjcif;?
apmifhMunhfppfaq;jcif;? oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&eftwGuf pDrHcefUcGJrIrl0g'rsm;? vkyfxHk;
vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk pepfwus toHk;csjcif;jzpfygonf/ ab;&efrsm;?
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI? vltrsm;ESifh toif;tzGJUrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkU tygt0if
,if;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkppfaq;Munfh½Ijcif;tay:tajccHíqHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ (ADPC, DMC-30, 2003)
Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) &yf½GmtajcjyK
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJjcif;
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom &yf½Gmrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaerIudk
avsmhenf;usqif;aprnfh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk jr§ifhwif&eftvdkUiSm ab;tEÅ&m,f rsm;udk
azmfxkwfjcif;? qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? ajz½Sif;aqmif½Gufjcif;? apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;wGifwuf<upGm yg0ifaqmif½Gufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;
vkyfief;pOfjzpfygonf/qdkvdkonfrSmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfjcif;? taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkUü vltrsm;rSm tcsuftcsmae&mwGif ½Sdonf[k
qdkvdkygonf/ tEÅ&m,fusa&muf tvG,fqHk; yg0ifaqmif½Guf&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI tenf;qHk; olrsm;udk yHhydk;rIay;&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/
CBDRM aqmif½Guf&mwGif e,fajrcHESifh trsdK;om;tqifh tpdk;&rsm; yg0ifaqmif½GufNyD;
yHhydk;rIay;&ygonf/ (ADPC-CBDRM-11, 2003)
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 95
List of the participants of the Wider Consultation Workshop on CBDRM Manuals’ held on 21st October 2009 at Yangon
Sr. No. Name Organisation E-mail
1 Thang Boi Metta Dev. Foundation kaputhang@gmail.com
2 K.G. Mathaikutty LWF mathewlwsi@gmail.com
3 Toshihiro Tanaka UNDP toshihiro.tanaka@undp.org
4 Dr. Yinn Mar Myo Aung Tdh-It helath@tdhitaly.org.mm
5 Srinivas Popuri UN-HABITAT spopuri@gmail.com
6 Nadve Wakeed UN-HABITAT
7 Soe Win UN-HABITAT soe.engin@gmail.com
8 Zaw Linn Oo Archenova arche.myanmar@gmail.com
9 Naomi Anatol French Red Cross drr.myanmar.frc.02@gmail.com
10 Suriya Aslim ASEAN HTF suriya.aslim@gmail.com
11 Myint Myint San UNESCO mm.san@unesco@org
12 Tom McNelly ACF drr.acf.mya@gmail.com
13 Anggiet Ariefianto ASEAN HTF anggiet.aseanhtf@gmail.com
14 Euima Deaonder CARE euima@care.org.mm
15 MMK UNDP
16 Alex UNDP
17 Dillip Kumar Bhanja UNDP dillip.bhanja@undp.org
18 Aung Kyi UNDP 19 Soe Soe Tun UNDP Soesoetun6@gmail.com 20 Lat Lat Aye ADPC latlat.adpc@gmail.com
21 Maung Maung Khin MRCS dm1@mrcs.mpt.mm
22 Sital Kumar Action Aid sitalku@gmail.com
23 Aye Kyaing UNDP aye.kyaing.mya001@undp.org
24 Stenly Sajow UNFPA ssajow@unfpa.org
25 Sudhir Kumar ADPC sudhir@adpc.net 26 Than Than Myint ADPC thanthan.adpc@gmail.com
27 Maung Khank ADPC khank184@gmail.com
jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf
pmrsufESm 96
udk;um;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
1/ Partnerships for Disaster Reduction South East Asia (PDRSEA), Community Based Disaster Risk Management, Field Practitioners’ Handbook.
2/ ActionAid, ADPC, Mingalar Myanmar, MRCS, Save the Children, UNDP, Proceeding of Community Based Disaster Risk Management Institutionalisastion.
3/ UNDP, Technical Workshop on Community-based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM).
4/ ADPC, Community-Based Disaster Risk Management for Local Authorities, Participant’s Workbook.
5/ ADPC, Community-Based Disaster Risk Management, Critical Guidelines. 6/ vlxktajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIoifwef; (OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;)? vufpGJ
pmtkyf? jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif; (ab;'ku©pDrHcefUcGJa&;Xme) 7/ Manual for Community based Flood Management, Bangladesh, Asia Pacific
Journal on Environment and Development. 8/ UNDP, India, Good Practices in Community based Disaster Risk Management. 9/ ActionAid, Reducing Disaster Risks: Community based Analysis, Planning and
Action. 10/ ActionAid, a Community Led Emergency Response. 11/ Save the Children, Myanmar, Helping your children to become a normal
stage/condition. 12/ World Vision, Myanmar, Disaster Risk Reduction Program, Community-Based
Disaster Risk Reduction
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