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ADHESIVES 3 JOINERY
ADHESIVES
TWO MAIN INGREDIENTS – RESIN – GLUE SOLID SOLVENT – KEEPS LIQUIFIED
UNTIL APPLIED
ADHESIVES
How does glue work? Specific adhesion - results from strong
molecular attraction between the wood and the glue and for this to occur, the adhesive must penetrate the wood cells and "wet" the fibers.
Cohesion - the force which makes the glue stick to itself. This is the solid glue "line" in a joint. It is the strongest when the two pieces to be joined are machined so they mate as closely as possible
ADHESIVES
HOW DO ADHESIVES CURE? SOME HARDEN (SOLVENT
EVAPORATES)
SOME CHANGE CHEMICALLY
SOME HARDEN AS THEY COOL
ADHESIVES
GLUE PROPERTIES WORKABILITY
DURABILITY
ADHESIVES
WORKING PROPERTIES SHELF OR POT LIFE OPEN ASSEMBLY TIME CLOSED ASSEMBLY TIME (IN
CLAMP) CURE TIME (FULL STRENGTH) SANDABILITY WORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE STRENGTH
ADHESIVES types
Hide Glue Polyvinyl Resin Glue (PVA)
white glue – longer open time, harder to sand
Aliphatic Resin Glue (Modified PVA) yellow glue – shorter open time, easier to
sand Polyurethane glue – Gorilla Glue Contact Cement
water based 3M Fast Bond 30 solvent based 3M Scotch Brand
ADHESIVES types-liquid hide glue
Hide Glue - Titebond Liquid Hide provides superior creep-resistance, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. Its sensitivity to moisture allows for easy disassembly of parts, a critical benefit in antique restoration or the repair of musical instruments.
ADHESIVES types-PVA
Titebond® Glue
The cabinetmaker's standard. Titebond Original Wood Glue is the industry standard for woodworking. A ready-to-use aliphatic resin adhesive with outstanding strength. Also Titebond Dark Wood glue for dark woods is available
It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp time. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes. The cabinetmaker's standard.
Sets fast, sands easily and resists moisture. Available in regular original wood glue formula or in dark color formula for dark color woods.
ADHESIVES types-PVA
Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue
Works great outdoors. Titebond II Premium Wood Glue is the only leading brand, one-part wood glue that passes the ANSI Type II water-resistance specification. It is ideal for exterior wood-working projects, including outdoor furniture, birdhouses, mailboxes, planters and picnic tables. Polyaliphatic Resin Polymer
Titebond II Premium provides a strong initial tack, fast speed of set, superior strength and excellent sandability. It is FDA approved for indirect food contact (cutting boards) and is ideal for radio frequency (R-F) gluing systems.
ADHESIVES type – advanced polymer
Titebond™ III Ultimate Wood Glue Superior waterproof wood glue is ideal for exterior
and interior woodworking! Available in five sizes. Stronger, safer, easier to clean up and less
expensive than polyurethane glues. Allows eight minutes of open time and has an
application temperature as low as 47º F. One hour clamp time! Cleans up with water. Does not foam.
ADHESIVES types
Titebond® Polyurethane Glue
Good for indoors or outdoors.
Titebond Polyurethane Glue is a breakthrough in adhesive technology. It is the only polyurethane glue to combine a long 20 minute working time with a short 45 minute clamp time. It is a versatile, professional-strength glue specifically formulated for multi-purpose applications.
In addition to its superior wood-to-wood performance, Titebond Polyurethane Glue is ideal for metals, ceramics, most plastics, HPL, Corain, stone and other porous/non-porous materials. It is ready-to-use, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes.
ADHESIVES types
Gorilla Glue The original premium quality polyurethane glue now available in
a smaller size! Gorilla bonds virtually everything, indoors or outdoors! No mixing required. Bonds wood, stone, metal, ceramics and plastics without a glue line. 100 percent waterproof. Environmentally safe once cured.
SpecificationsCoverage: minimum of a 1/2 oz. per Sq. ft. Single-sidedOpen Working Time: 20 minutes or moreClamping Time:1-4 hrs. at 68°-130° F. Heavy hardwoods may require longerCures: 90% in 1-4 hrs. 100% in 24 hrs.Temp. Range: 40-130° best at 68-130°Moisture Content: Best results from 10-25% Below 10%, apply water to non glue surface.Shelf Life: 3 yrs. + unopened. Up to 1 yr openedExpansion: Non-thermoplastic. Will not expand or contract in the glue line after hardening.
ADHESIVES types - PVA
Titebond® Wood Molding Glue
Titebond Wood Molding Glue is the thickest, fastest-drying glue available for use with porous and semi-porous materials. It is ideal for finish trim, crown molding, baseboards, window casings and other applications requiring a professional-strength, no-run wood glue.
Titebond Wood Molding provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set, yet allows realignment of working pieces. It also develops a bond stronger than the wood itself, offers excellent sandability and is unaffected by finishes.
ADHESIVES types
Contact Adhesive water based 3M Fast Bond 30NF solvent based 3M Scotch Grip
Contact Adhesive 10 Uses – Plastic Laminate,
veneers, edgebanding
ADHESIVES types
Your brain after using water based contact cement
ADHESIVES types
Your brain afterusing solvent basedcontact cement
ADHESIVES types
Hot Melt Glue
ADHESIVES types – hot melt
ADHESIVES clamping
THREE REASONS TO USE CLAMPS: DRY FIT KEEP PARTS ALIGNED WHILE GLUE
CURES MOST GLUES REQUIRE PRESSURE
BRINGS MEMBERS INTO CONTACT SQUEEZE OUT AIR THIN OUT GLUE –NO THICKER THAN A
PIECE OF PAPER
ADHESIVES clamping
Clamp Layout – 1” from edge and 8” to 10” intervals
ADHESIVES clamping
ADHESIVES clamping
WOODEN CAULS
ADHESIVES clamping
HOW MUCH PRESSURE IS REQUIRED?
Low Density Woods – 100 to 150 PSI PINE
Medium Density Woods – 150 to 250 PSI ALDER
High Density Hardwoods – UP to 300 PSI RED OAK
HPL – 30 to 80 PSI Veneer – 100 to 125 PSI
ADHESIVES clamping
How Much Pressure Can Be Exerted By A Clamp?
Wood Screw Clamp – 800 to 1000 #
Bar Clamp – Up to 2000# C-clamp – 1000# Spring Clamp – 25#
GLUING & WOOD MOVEMENT
Wood Is Hygroscopic
Most Movement Occurs Tangentially
Wood Cups Towards The Bark Side
GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
OVERALL EFFECT
GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
OVERALL EFFECT
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING
Least Effective Joint Alignment
TANGENTIALFACE
TANGENTIALFACE
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING
More Effective
TANGENTIALFACE
RADIALFACE
WOOD MOVEMENT & GLUING
Most effective
RADIALFACE
RADIALFACE
JOINERY
SIDE GRAIN JOINTS
STRONG
JOINERY
FLAT GRAIN JOINTS
STRONG
JOINERY
END GRAIN TO END GRAIN
WEAK
JOINERY
END GRAIN TO SIDE GRAIN
WEAK
JOINERY – mortise & tenon
OPEN MORTISE & TENON
JOINERY mortise & tenon
THROUGH TENON
JOINERY dado
PLAIN DADO
JOINERY dado
STOP DADO
JOINERY lap
END LAP
JOINERY corner joints
RABBET JOINT
JOINERY corner joints
SPLINED CORNER JOINT
JOINERY corner joints
LOCK SHOULDER
JOINERY corner joints
DOVETAIL
JOINERY miter
MITER JOINT WITH SPLINE
JOINERY edge to edge
EDGE TO EDGE SPLINE JOINT
DOWELED JOINTS
The Strength Of A Doweled Assembly Is Directly Related To:
The Tensile Strength Of The Dowels
The Distance Between The Dowel Centers
Half The Distance Between The Dowel Center And The Shoulder
DOWEL PLACEMENT
2” STILE & RAILStrength of Dowels Distance between
centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder11/4” + (3/8”/2) = 1 7/16
1 7/16 X Sheer Strength of Dowel
Increasing the distancebetween the dowel centers istwice as effective as increasingthe shoulder between the
dowel and the edge of the rail.
1 1
/4
"3
/8
"3
/8
"
DOWEL PLACEMENT
2” STILE & RAIL Strength of
Dowels Distance
between centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder
1” + (½”/2 ) = 1 ¼
DOWEL PLACEMENT
2” STILE & RAIL Strength of
Dowels Distance between
centers + ½ center of one dowel to shoulder
Example: 3/8” + (3/4”/2) = 3/4
DOWEL PLACEMENT
MAX. EFFECTIVE DOWEL LENGTHS (8:1)
Dowel Diameter Dowel Length
1/4” 2” 3/8” 3” 1/2” 3
½”
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