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First, what do we get from the food we eat? - Energy - Carbon - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Other minerals and vitamins . Adaptations to Food Sources . All consumers eat something. What types of consumers do we have? Mainly: Carnivores , Omnivores, and Herbivores - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Adaptations to Food Sources First, what do we get from the food we eat?
- Energy- Carbon- Nitrogen- Phosphorus - Other minerals and
vitamins
Adaptations to Food Sources All consumers eat something. What types of consumers do we have?
Mainly:Carnivores, Omnivores, and Herbivores
Different types of foods have different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (two main things we need to get from our diets)
Adaptations to Food Sources Carbon makes up more than 90% of all living matter, so most of what we eat is carbon
Plants contain 98% carbon and 2% nitrogen
Animals contain about 7% nitrogen and 93% carbon
Adaptations to Food Sources Herbivores- Have to deal with a food
source that has a lower amount of nitrogen, so they eat a much larger amount than a carnivore
- Another problem is that plants have chemical and physical defenses
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant Defenses- No defenses is perfect, most plants can defend against some but not all predators
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses - Thorns can either stop or slow down herbivores - Giraffe video- What do giraffes do?
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses - Grasses contain silica, which is what glass is made from - Herbivores that eat
grasses have specalized teeth, called high crowning teeth
- Ex: cow, elephant
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses- High crowning teeth are
capable of grinding tough plant tissues without wearing down as fast as low crowning teeth (like our molars)
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses- Cellulose is a molecule
found in plant cell walls- No vertebrae can digest
cellulose, so herbivores that eat grass have to use bacteria in their digestive tract to break it down.
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: Cellulose - Many animals have a
cecum, which is a pouch that stores bacteria that breaks down food
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: Cellulose - Mammals called
ruminants (cows, deer…) have a four-chambered stomach to help break down the grasses they eat
Elephant digestive system videoWrite 4 facts about the elephant’s digestive system:
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The rumen
Food is broken down by
microorganisms into small balls of cudThe animal returns the cud to their mouth to be chewed on to crushthe fibers
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The Reticulum + Omasum
Water, soluble food,and microbial productsare absorbed
Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The Abomasum
the “true” acid stomachwhere enzymes are secreted and “normal”digestion occurs
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