Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method · Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method July, 2019 Nelly...

Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method

J u l y, 2 0 1 9

N e l l y G a r c i a - L o p e z

K u m a g a i P r o f e s s o r o f E n g i n e e r i n g a n d

D i r e c t o r o f C I F E , S t a n f o r d U n i v e r s i t y

P r o f e s s o r, U n i v e r i d a d C a t ó l i c a d e C h i l e

P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r, G r u p o G a l o p a

L u i s F e r n a n d o A l a r c ó n

M a r t i n F i s c h e r

Nelly Garcia-Lopez, Martin Fischer, Luis F. Alarcón – ngarcia@grupogalopa.com

Activities require a set of flows to be executedFaçade brick construction (Frederikskaj project)

Workspace

Precedence

Materials/components

Information

Equipment

External (Permits, inspections)

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

MaterialsLabor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

PrecedenceLabor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

2m around building perimeter

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Bricks

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

InsulationLabor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Mortar

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Windows

(Koskela 1999)

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

EquipmentAligner

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:Labor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Hammer

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Information

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

External

(Bertelsen et al. 2006)

Make-ready process = Ensure activities in plan are sound

•Make-ready increases planning reliability by:• Identifying and removing activity constraints

• Committing to “sound” activities

•Case study make-ready process: ≈ 80% of weekly meeting

(Ballard & Howell 1998)

On-site flow

Can the field managers track readiness of all flows?

Reason for non-completion % related to flow

Off-site On-site

Predecessor 50.60%

Labor availability 4.50% 14.54%

Change of priority 13.90%

Equipment availability 8.23%

Equipment overcapacity 3.90%

Information unavailable 1.73%

Quality inspection failed 1.73%

Materials delivery 0.43%

Underestimated 0.43%

Total 14.89% 85.10%

On-site flows

Activity 3

Released by upstream activities

Activity 2

Off-site flowsDelivered to the jobsite

Activity 1Off-site flow

e.g., concrete crewe.g., concrete delivery

Most reasons for non-completion relate to on-site flows

Current construction models do not represent all the flows

Build deck

form Area 1

Install slab

rebar Area1

Pour slab

Area 1

Build deck

form Area 2

Install slab

rebar Area 2

Pour slab

Area 2

Date line for

Weekly planning

Field managers commit to activities based on readiness “perception” (Pikas et al. 2012)

What flow?

Flow performance?

Flows ready?

Is activity sound? (Ballard 2000)

Build deck

form Area 1

Install slab

rebar Area1

Pour slab

Area 1

Build deck

form Area 2

Install slab

rebar Area 2

Pour slab

Area 2

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:Labor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Date line for

Weekly planning

Proposed activity-flow construction representation

Build deck

form Area 1

Install slab

rebar Area1

Pour slab

Area 1

Build deck

form Area 2

Install slab

rebar Area 2

Pour slab

Area 2

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:Labor

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Workspace

Precedence

Information

Equipment

Flow Key:

Date line for

Weekly planning

Proposed activity-flow construction representation

Flow type: Labor

Flow class: Concrete crewWhat flow?

Flow performance? Flow failure %: 80%

Avg. flow delta: 2.2 days

Flows ready?

Is activity sound?

Prob. flows ready: 90%

Objective - Develop activity + flow - based model to:

Formally manage

activities and flows

Make data-driven

decisions

e.g., Resource and buffer sizing

Predict delays in downstream

activities

predecessor

if(! isOffsite &

! isPrerequisite)

if(isWorkspace)

Computational representation of the AFM

ActivityType

activityTypeName <CA>

uniformatL4

Activity

activityName

plannedStart

plannedFinish

actualStart

actualFinish

flowType

flowStatus

dueDate if[isOffsite]

dateReady if[isOffsite]

predPF

predAF

ReasonFor

Variation

reasonForVariation

Stakeholder

stakeholderType <R>

company

LaborFlow

flowName(Ballard 2000)

EquipmentFlow

flowName

MaterialFlow

flowName

WorkspaceFlow

flowName

InformationFlow

flowName

ExternalFlow

flowName

actReasonVar

if(isMaterial)

if(isInfo)

timeBuffer

flowDelta

flowImpact

flowReasonVar

actStake

1flowStake

deltaStart

deltaDuration

deltaFinish

Garcia-Lopez 2016

Developed Activity-Flow App

Work structuring + Production control

Work structuring Weekly planning and control

Activity + Flow

Structuring

Method

Update look-

ahead and

weekly plan

Carry out daily

tracking

Present analytics

in weekly

planning meeting

Transform

schedule into

Activity-Flow

representation

Set-up meeting on

Fredrikskaj project

Collaborative look-

ahead update on

Equilibrium project

Tracking using mobile

device on Fredrikskaj

project

Weekly planning

meeting on Ichma

project

Definition:

• Work structuring entails connecting the facility design (product) with the processes, typically in the form of schedules, used to deliver the physical facility (Ballard et al. 2001; Tsao et al. 2004)

Research Question:

• How can we extend existing work structuring methods (e.g., Takt planning and Ballard’s Lean method) to enable field managers to structure all the construction flow types and generate activity-flow schedules?

Work Structuring: Definition + Gaps

Research Methodology

Theoretical Point

of Departure

development

Validation in 3 projects(Thomsen et al. 1999, Ho et al. 2009)

Field observations

AFWSM Testing

Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method (AFWSM)

• Consists of 7 steps that allow field managers to visually represent activities and flows in a construction fragnet or process

• Example:

Fragnet: Build

concrete structure

AFWSM: Step 1 – Define fragnet’s prototypical activities

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

EXAMPLE:

Fragnet: Build concrete

structure

AFWSM: Step 2 - Sequence fragnet’s prototypical activities basedon precedence constraints

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

AFWSM: Step 3 – Identify workspaces and their sequencing

Zone 1

Zone 2Zone 3

Zone 4

AFWSM: Step 4 – Identify on-site flows

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

Zone n Zone n+1

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

Rebar crew

Carpentry crew

Concrete crew

AFWSM: Step 5 – Identify off-site flows

Concrete pump

Zone n

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

Concrete

Inspection

Loading permit

AFWSM: Step 6 – Identify interfaces with other fragnets

released by

self-climbing

scaffold

Zone n

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

AFWSM: Step 7 – Identify stakeholders responsible for the flows

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

Zone n Zone n+1

Install column

Pour column

concrete

Install slab

scaffolding

Pour slab

concrete

Rebar crew

Carpentry crew

Concrete crew

released by

self climbing

scaffold

Concrete pump

Concrete

Concrete pumpConcrete

Inspection

Loading permit

Field managers can use the AFWSM’s outcome to createactivity and flow-based schedules

Activity + flow – based schedule

Project Ichma Equilibrium Frederikskaj

Building type + phase Office/Structural Residential/Foundations Residential/Finishes

Test period 18 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks

# Fragnets 5 3 3

AFWSM implementation results

# Activity types 26 11 28

# Flows 85 31 80

Avg. Time (mins) 17 10 18

Feedback from field management teams

“Identifying and mapping the flows in a visual way

allows all of the contractors to be on the same page

and understand the plan better” Project

Superintendent Frederikskaj

“Keeping track of the historical flow performance is

key. We might have a hunch about what flows are

consistently late, but we don’t have the data to

identify performance issues.” Project Engineer Ichma

“Its very useful that we now have a tool that formally

maps the flows that are needed to execute an

activity … we think about these things, but there is

no formal tool that allows us to check that all the

flows are ready so the activity is not in danger.”

Project Engineer Ichma

Conclusions and Future Work

Conclusions:

• Considering flows during work structuring enables better understanding and communicationof the plan among stakeholders

• The Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method (AFWSM) enables field managers to formallyrepresent and manage flows

• The AFWSM should lead to schedules with higher planning reliability since flows should be better synchronized between activities

Future Work

• Testing effect of work structuring method on schedule performance

• Developing methods for automating / speeding transformation from work structuring toactivity-flow-based schedules

Questions?

Thank you!

Nelly Garcia-Lopez

ngarcia@grupogalopa.com

Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method · Activity-Flow Work Structuring Method July, 2019 Nelly...

Documents

Certified Islamic Finance Expert (CIFE) - Online Islamic Banking Courses

ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM Global Supply Network · PPI / Stanford CIFE Program 04 SEPTEMBER - OSLO PPI / Stanford CIFE Program 14 SEPTEMBER - LONDON Introduction to PPM 19 SEPTEMBER - DUBLIN

CIFE - Stanford Universityzm949qj2893/WP130... · 2016-06-19 · CIFE CENTER FOR INTEGRATED FACILITY ENGINEERING A Method to Analyze Large Data Sets of Residential Electricity Consumption

PIEE CIFE Proposal Haymaker Welle

CIFE - eil.stanford.edueil.stanford.edu/publications/zan_chu/CIFE2011.pdf · CIFE CENTER FOR INTEGRATED FACILITY ENGINEERING A Computational Framework for Egress Analysis with Realistic

CIFE iRoom XT Design & Use

CIFE Industry Advisory Board 2011 Wednesday afternoon CIFE review

How CIFE Does Translational Research for Industrial … CIFE Does Translational Research for Industrial Sponsors 10/1/2009 Research Methods 1 John Kunz, CIFE Construction Management

CIFE Alumni Newsletter

MARI KUMAGAI - APREA · MARI KUMAGAI Senior Director, Head of Japan Research Colliers International Japan SHINICHIRO HORAGUCHI Partner, Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu HIROSHI TAKAGI

CIFE - stacks.stanford.edu

“the great attractor” mia kumagai astr007.3014.21.06

CIFE - stacks.stanford.eduww813hh4225/WP107.pdf · CIFE CENTER FOR INTEGRATED FACILITY ENGINEERING Building Energy Performance Simulation Tools - a Life-Cycle and Interoperable Perspective

CIFE - Stanford Universityeil.stanford.edu/publications/zan_chu/CIFE2012.pdf · CIFE CENTER FOR INTEGRATED FACILITY ENGINEERING SAFEgress: A Flexible Platform to Study the Effect

8. Fish Processing Technology - CIFE Mumbaicife.edu.in/cife/pdf/8. Fish Processing Technology.pdf · Unit VI Canning plant location: Practical considerations, canning plant facilities,

KUMAGAI SPECIALTY STEEL Co., Ltd. Company Introduction · The authorized agent of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation; member of special steel cooperative KUMAGAI SPECIALTY

CIFE - Stanford University

WP069 Pages 1-2 - CIFE - Center for Integrated Facility

sujit- cife - role of Biofilm in aquaculture- Final

4. Fish Biotechnology - CIFE Mumbaicife.edu.in/cife/pdf/4. Fish Biotechnology.pdf · FBT 603 Genetic Engineering of Bacteria and ... Fish Biotechnology 7 FBT 504 GENETIC ENGINEERING