ACTIVITY #6: ORGANIC MOLECULES. Study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms ...

ACTIVITY #6: ORGANIC MOLECULES

Study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms

Inorganic chemistry: study of all other compounds

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Has 4 valence electrons Allowing it to form up to

four bondsOne carbon atom can

bond to another, giving it the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length Carbon-carbon bonds

can be single, double or even triple covalent bonds

Chains of carbon atoms can close up on themselves to form rings

WHY IS CARBON SO SPECIAL?

HONC 1234

OrganicUsually defined as

compounds which contain carbon with hydrogen May contain additional

elements as wellProduced only by living

things Biotic

Range from simple to very complex

Contain strong, covalent bonds

Examples: CH4, C6H12O6, SUGARS, PROTEINS, FATS, OILS, DNA

InorganicUsually defined as

compounds that do not contain carbon with hydrogen May contain just carbon

Often can be formed in the non-living environment Abiotic

Can also be made by/found in living things

Examples: H2O, NaCl, O2, NH3, CaCO3, CO2

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

PRACTICE

tableSubstance Organic? Inorganic

?

1. sodium chloride (table salt): NaCl

2. glucose: C6H12O6   

3. water: H2O    

4. heating oil: C14H30    

5. chitin (a protein): C8H12NO5   

6. thymine (a nitrogenous base): C5H5N2O2

7. sulfuric acid: H2SO4   

8. oxygen gas: O2   

9. ethanol: C2H5OH    

10. adenosine triphosphate (ATP): C10H16N5O13P3

11. carbon dioxide: CO2   

Main organic molecules of living things

Polymers made from monomers Monomers: small

repeating units Polymers: larger

molecules made from putting the monomers together

4 major group: Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Protein

MACROMOLECULES

MACROMOLECULES: CARBS.

GROUPBasic Building

Blocks (Monomers)

Macromolecule (Polymer)

Carbohydrates    

Lipids   

Nucleic Acids    

Proteins    

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

CARBOHYDRATES

Monomer

Polymer

MACROMOLECULES: LIPIDS

GROUPBasic Building

Blocks (Monomers)

Macromolecule (Polymer)

Carbohydrates    

Lipids   

Nucleic Acids    

Proteins    

TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

The exception: Lipids are not composed of monomers and polymers. Instead, they take different forms.

LIPIDS

MACROMOLECULES: NUCLEIC ACIDS

GROUPBasic Building

Blocks (Monomers)

Macromolecule (Polymer)

Carbohydrates    

Lipids   

Nucleic Acids    

Proteins    

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids

Nucleic Acid(DNA or RNA)

Nucleotides

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Monomer

Polymer

MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS

GROUPBasic Building

Blocks (Monomers)

Macromolecule (Polymer)

Carbohydrates    

Lipids   

Nucleic Acids    

Proteins    

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids

Nucleic Acid(DNA or RNA)

Nucleotides

Amino acids Polypeptide/protein

PROTEINS

Monomer

Polymer

MACROMOLECULES AND FOOD

  Carbohydrates

Lipids Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Foods in

which they are

found

 Breads, fruit, sweets, vegetables

Fats (butter), oils (olive, etc.)

All foods that came from living things

Meat, fish, beans, soy

2 major chemical processes (metabolic reactions) occur to build up or break down organic molecules into larger or smaller units

These reactions occur to build and break all four types of macromolecule (carb, lipid, nucleic acid, and protein) Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis

BUILDING AND BREAKING DOWN MACROMOLECULES

Chemical reaction where a large molecule is formed/synthesized from smaller molecules by taking away a water molecule

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Chemical reaction where a large molecule is broken down/hydrolized into smaller molecules by adding a water molecule

HYDROLYSIS

disaccharide + water → yields monosaccharide + monosaccharide