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ACT English: Conventions of Standard English II
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By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: • Use adjectives and adverbs to modify or describe other words • Differentiate between commonly misused words • Identify and correct improper idiom usage • Identify and correct run-on sentences and sentence fragments • Place modifiers into sentences to convey intended meaning • Recognize proper and improper use of parallelism
Conventions of Standard English II Learning Objectives
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Adjectives and Adverbs Grammar and Usage
Adjectives describe nouns.
David’s favorite college has an excellent engineering program.
Adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. Many adverbs end in –ly.
My A.P. Calculus teacher is extremely intelligent.
Conjunctive adverbs can be used to transition between or introduce clauses and sentences. These adverbs do not always end in –ly.
After school, Hadley spends two hours at soccer practice. Meanwhile, her brother Javier works on his homework in the library.
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Grammar and Usage
1.
On each wing, all flighted birds have ten primary flight feathers, each
one shaped slight different.
A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE slight differently. slightly differently. slightly more differently.
1
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Commonly Misused Words Grammar and Usage
The English language has many words that are often misused.
Commonly Misused Words accept except
affect effect
among between
are our
farther further
lay lie
many, fewer much, less
than then
whose who’s
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Grammar and Usage
2. F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE whose skilled in who’s skilled of who’s skilled in
Ms. Komiyama, whose skilled at judo, threw the intruder across the room. 2
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Idioms Grammar and Usage
An idiom is a phrase or expression whose meaning is not predictable from its individual words.
The ACT will test your knowledge of idioms that typically come in the form (verb) + (preposition).
Every English idiom uses a specific preposition.
How does Sweden differ from Norway?
Use sentence context to determine the appropriate preposition.
Selena and Linley agree with each other. Mario and Porter agree to study for the final exam together.
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Grammar and Usage
3.
Just yesterday I sat across the aisle with a woman in pink-tinted glasses who
was composing music in a notebook.
A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE to at from
3
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Run-on Sentences Sentence Structure and Formation
A complete sentence has a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought.
I studied for the ACT, so I got a higher score.
An independent clause is a simple, complete sentence.
I studied for the ACT.
A dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought.
So I got a higher score.
A run-on sentence is a sentence that involves more than one independent clause and does not use proper punctuation or connections.
I studied for the ACT, I got a higher score.
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Sentence Structure and Formation
4.
Not all visitors, however, have been so welcome, years ago, an escaped
convict made his way to her mountain retreat and threatened her.
F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE welcome: welcome; since welcome, although
4
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Sentence Fragments Sentence Structure and Formation
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence: a sentence that is missing a subject, verb, or complete thought.
Because Tyler went home after the game.
When a portion of a noticeably short or long sentence is underlined, check for a sentence structure error related to run-on sentences and sentence fragments.
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Sentence Structure and Formation
5.
He fled but they recaptured and imprisoned.
A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE recaptured and imprisoned him. was recaptured and imprisoned. they sent him back to prison after being recaptured.
5
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Modifiers Sentence Structure and Formation
Adjectives can only be used to modify nouns, so adverbs should be used to modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs.
Sandra has a new car that she drives really carefully.
Words and phrases can be used as introductory modifiers when set off by a comma. The object that is being modified must be the first noun introduced after the comma.
With an ear-splitting noise, the fire alarm went off and the class filed outside for the fire drill.
On the ACT, you have to not only identify the correct adjective or adverb to be used, but also determine the correct placement within the sentence.
All modifiers should be placed near the objects they modify. When the modifiers are too far away or closer to another noun, the sentence is incorrect as written.
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Sentence Structure and Formation
6.
Cisneros felt decided out of place.
F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE deciding decidedly decidedly and
6
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Parallelism Sentence Structure and Formation
Parallelism requires that words, phrases, and clauses that have the same purpose use the same form. When an underlined segment includes a list or a conjunction, look for a parallelism error.
Andres was excited for the snow day but was disappointed that he wasn’t allowed to drive anywhere.
Parallelism applies to adjectives, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and all other grammatical elements.
Sophia enjoys hiking, rock climbing, and mountain biking.
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Sentence Structure and Formation
7.
White clouds mist up from the sea, you can see sunlight shimmering on
the snowy slopes of Mt. Fuji.
A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE also shimmering sunlight and a shimmering sunlight and sunlight shimmers
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Mixed Practice
8. F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE out in for
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Mixed Practice
9. A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE too much to OMIT the underlined portion.
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Mixed Practice
10. F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE success successive successfully
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Mixed Practice
A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE Bubble, it Bubble and it Bubble, and it
11.
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Mixed Practice
12. F. G. H. J.
NO CHANGE to in for
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Mixed Practice
13. A. B. C. D.
NO CHANGE especially special extra specially
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Mixed Practice
NO CHANGE in at with
14. F. G. H. J.
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Mixed Practice
NO CHANGE as they are sold and sells them that is sold
15. A. B. C. D.
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Mixed Practice
NO CHANGE hour are OMIT the underlined portion.
16. F. G. H. J.
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Now that you have completed the lesson, you should be able to: • Use adjectives and adverbs to modify or describe other words • Differentiate between commonly misused words • Identify and correct improper idiom usage • Identify and correct run-on sentences and sentence fragments • Place modifiers into sentences to convey intended meaning • Recognize proper and improper use of parallelism
Conventions of Standard English II Learning Objectives
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Conventions of Standard English II Homework
Effort and practice are the keys to Test Day Success. Now that you have completed this lesson, do the following for homework: • Click on the Practice Tab from your Online Prep Live homepage • Choose Conventions of Standard English under English • Answer 75 Questions • Don’t forget to review the explanations!
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